Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Texas State University--San Marcos, 2010. / Vita. Appendices: leaves 59-98. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-104).

A study has been made of the respective performance of cubic boron nitride (CBN) and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tool materials and compared to various coated and uncoated tungsten carbide grades when cutting titanium alloy workpieces. Two important experimental techniques were employed during the course of this work, firstly a quasi-static contact method was employed to establish the workpiece/tool interfacial temperature above which strongly adherent layers may be formed. This technique revealed that the critical temperatures which marked adhesion and welding, were 740, 820 and 800 °C for coated and uncoated carbides, and 760 and 900 °C for PCD and CBN tools respectively. Furthermore, the technique has been used to study the integrity of the bulk tool material, and/or individual coatings on their substrates, when welded junctions formed between the tool and workpiece are separated. With regard to the latter it was observed that in all cases fracture was initiated in the bulk of the harder tool material rather than in the workpiece or at the welded junction interface. Secondly, a quick-stop technique was used to study chip formation and tool wear when cutting with carbides, CBN and PCD tools under nominally the same conditions. The predominant wear mechanisms for each of the tool materials was found to be based on a diffusion/dissolution process. The wear process is discussed in detail for each of the tool materials and reasons advanced for observed differences in performance when removing material from a titanium alloy workpiece. The wear resistance and quality of the machined surface was found to be superior when cutting with the ultra-hard materials than with the carbide grades and in particular the PCD tool was found to produce exceptionally good surface finish. In the case of coated carbide tool grades rapid removal of the coated layers occurred leaving the substrate vulnerable to reaction with the workpiece material and this is considered to explain the seeming absence of beneficial effects when cutting with these grades.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000766662.pdf: 2632561 bytes, checksum: d3661ec641b1928dd3c2e0951d7fdbf2 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As blendas de polímeros biodegradáveis com sintéticos constituem um campo promissor para a aplicação de materiais poliméricos, visando uma degradação mais rápida no meio ambiente, uma vez que a quantidade dos resíduos plásticos tem aumentado significativamente na última década. Este assunto necessita de muita investigação ainda sobre a resposta destas blendas a diferentes tratamentos, visando sua degradação. As blendas empregadas neste estudo foram de um polímero biodegradável, o poli(hidroxibutirato-co-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV), 80%, com um copolímero sintético, o Polipropileno-co-polietileno (PP-co-PE), em quantidade 20%, com e sem aditivo pró-oxidante. Filmes destas blendas foram preparados por fusão em prensa com pressão controlada a partir de pellets. Estes filmes foram, então, submetidos ao termotratamento a 100ºC durante 40 h e seguido de biotratamento em colunas de solo. As caracterizações dos filmes antes e após os tratamentos foram feitas através de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios-X e teste de crescimento microbiano em placa. O filme de PHBV, após o tratamento com calor, foi totalmente biodegradado durante três meses em solo. O período do experimento não foi suficiente para que os filmes de PP-co-PE sofressem biodegradação, embora tenha havido adesão microbiana em sua superfície, após seis meses. A maior taxa de degradação da blenda sem aditivo foi após o termo/ biotratamento durante três meses, enquanto as blendas com aditivo apresentaram a maior taxa de degradação, após três meses enterradas em solo, sem o prévio tratamento por calor. Portanto, o aditivo influenciou significativamente o processo de biodegradação, na ausência do pré-tratamento com calor / Biodegradable synthetic polymers blends are a promising for the application of polymeric materials, aiming a faster degradation in the environment, even the amount of plastic waste is significantly increased over the last decade. This subject needs much further research on the response of these blends to different treatments to their degradation. The blends used in this study are biodegradable polymers such as poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with a synthetic copolymer, the polypropylene-co-ethylene (PP-co-PE), in minor concentrations, with and without pro-oxidant additive. These blends films are prepared by melting in pressure-controlled press from pellets obtained previously in an internal mixer (torque rheometer), followed by cryogenic break, these films will be submitted to termotreatment at 100º C for 40 h and after to biotreatment in soil columns. The film analyzes will be made by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and growth test plate. The PHBV film, after the heat treatment, was completely biodegraded during 3 months in soil. The experimental period was not enough to the PP-co-PE films underwent biodegradation, although there has been microbial adhesion on their surface, after six months.The highest degradation rate of the no additive blend was after the thermal/biotreatment during 3 months, while the additive blends presented the highest degradation rate after 3 months buried in soil, without prior heat treatment. Therefore the additive influenced significantly the biodegradation process, in the absence of the heat pre treatment

Orientador: Sandra Mara Martins Franchetti / Coorientador: José Carlos Marconato / Banca: Regina Teresa Rosim Monteiro / Banca: Carlos Renato Corso / Resumo: As blendas de polímeros biodegradáveis com sintéticos constituem um campo promissor para a aplicação de materiais poliméricos, visando uma degradação mais rápida no meio ambiente, uma vez que a quantidade dos resíduos plásticos tem aumentado significativamente na última década. Este assunto necessita de muita investigação ainda sobre a resposta destas blendas a diferentes tratamentos, visando sua degradação. As blendas empregadas neste estudo foram de um polímero biodegradável, o poli(hidroxibutirato-co-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV), 80%, com um copolímero sintético, o Polipropileno-co-polietileno (PP-co-PE), em quantidade 20%, com e sem aditivo pró-oxidante. Filmes destas blendas foram preparados por fusão em prensa com pressão controlada a partir de pellets. Estes filmes foram, então, submetidos ao termotratamento a 100ºC durante 40 h e seguido de biotratamento em colunas de solo. As caracterizações dos filmes antes e após os tratamentos foram feitas através de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios-X e teste de crescimento microbiano em placa. O filme de PHBV, após o tratamento com calor, foi totalmente biodegradado durante três meses em solo. O período do experimento não foi suficiente para que os filmes de PP-co-PE sofressem biodegradação, embora tenha havido adesão microbiana em sua superfície, após seis meses. A maior taxa de degradação da blenda sem aditivo foi após o termo/ biotratamento durante três meses, enquanto as blendas com aditivo apresentaram a maior taxa de degradação, após três meses enterradas em solo, sem o prévio tratamento por calor. Portanto, o aditivo influenciou significativamente o processo de biodegradação, na ausência do pré-tratamento com calor / Abstract: Biodegradable synthetic polymers blends are a promising for the application of polymeric materials, aiming a faster degradation in the environment, even the amount of plastic waste is significantly increased over the last decade. This subject needs much further research on the response of these blends to different treatments to their degradation. The blends used in this study are biodegradable polymers such as poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with a synthetic copolymer, the polypropylene-co-ethylene (PP-co-PE), in minor concentrations, with and without pro-oxidant additive. These blends films are prepared by melting in pressure-controlled press from pellets obtained previously in an internal mixer (torque rheometer), followed by cryogenic break, these films will be submitted to termotreatment at 100º C for 40 h and after to biotreatment in soil columns. The film analyzes will be made by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and growth test plate. The PHBV film, after the heat treatment, was completely biodegraded during 3 months in soil. The experimental period was not enough to the PP-co-PE films underwent biodegradation, although there has been microbial adhesion on their surface, after six months.The highest degradation rate of the no additive blend was after the thermal/biotreatment during 3 months, while the additive blends presented the highest degradation rate after 3 months buried in soil, without prior heat treatment. Therefore the additive influenced significantly the biodegradation process, in the absence of the heat pre treatment / Mestre

Orientador: Nelson Eduardo Duran Caballero / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T10:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lemes_AnaPaula_M.pdf: 6068307 bytes, checksum: cde69555a9767e84a264aae77c5a0814 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos compósitos baseados em poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV) e lignosulfonatos de diferentes massas molares. Os compósitos foram produzidos em um misturador mecânico, em diferentes composições (90:10, 80:20, 70:30 e 60:40). As propriedades térmicas dos compósitos foram investigadas por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) e Termogravimetria (TGA). As análises de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura foram utilizadas para caracterizar a morfologia dos materiais. Os compósitos com maiores proporções de lignosulfonatos apresentaram diminuição no grau de cristalinidade e na temperatura de transição vítrea e menor estabilidade térmica. As análises de MEV mostraram uma baixa adesão interfacial entre os lignosulfonatos e a matriz de PHBV. Para promover uma melhor adesão interfacial entre a carga e a matriz, foi realizado um estudo utilizando um agente compatibilizante, que consistia na exertia de anidrido maleico (AM) na cadeia de PHBV (PHBV-g-AM). Para isto compósitos contendo 80 % de PHBV e 20 % de lignosulfonatos e proporções variadas de anidrido maleico foram produzidos em um misturador mecânico e em uma extrusora dupla rosca. Esses compósitos foram caracterizados por TGA e MEV. Na análise de TGA não foram observadas grandes alterações na estabilidade térmica. As análises morfológicas mostraram uma grande melhora na adesão entre carga e matriz. Os compósitos compatibilizados apresentaram um aumento de cerca de 125 % nos valores de tensão de flexão máxima e de 145 % nos valores de deformação na ruptura, em relação aos compósitos não compatibilizados. Amostras de PHBV e do compósito contendo 80 % de PHBV, 20 % de lignosulfonato e 1,5 % de anidrido maleico foram submetidas a testes de biodegradação em meio líquido e em solo. Os testes realizados em meio líquido mostraram uma redução de massa de 14,4 % para as amostras de PHBV e de 31,0 % para o compósito, após 65 dias de incubação. Nos testes realizados em solo a perda de massa foi de 7,6 % para as amostras de PHBV e 28,8 % para o compósito, após 50 dias de incubação. A perda de 20 % em massa dos compósitos foi atribuida à liberação de lignosulfonato. Em ambos os testes verificou-se que a presença do lignosulfonato não interfere na biodegradação da matriz de PHBV / Abstract: In this work, composites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and lignosulfonates of different molar weights were prepared by mechanical mixing of different compositions (90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40). Thermal properties of these composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to define the morphology of materials. The composites containing higher amounts of lignosulfonates showed a decreasing in crystallinity degree and glass transition temperatures, and lower thermal stability. SEM showed a poor interfacial adhesion between lignosulfonato and PHBV matrix. To improve the interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix, a study on compatibilizer utilization was carried out. The compatibilizer was formed by grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) in PHBV (PHBV-g-MA). The study was performed with composites containing 20 % of lignosulfonate, 80 % of PHBV and different amounts of maleic anhydride, prepared by mechanical mixing and by twin-screw. The thermal and morphological properties of composites were investigated by TGA and SEM, respectively. The TGA did not show significant change in the thermal stability of the composites as function of compatibilizer content. The SEM showed a high improvement in the adhesion between filler and matrix. The compatibilized composites exhibited an increase of 125 % in maximum stress values and 145 % in the strain values under rupture experiments. PHBV and composite containing 80 % of PHBV, 20 % of lignosulfonato and 1,5 % of maleic anhydride samples were submitted to biodegradation tests in aqueous and in soil media. Tests carried out in aqueous medium showed a decrease of 14, 4 % in the PHBV mass and 31,0 % in the composite mass, after 65 days of incubation. In the soil tests the weight loss was of 7,6 % for PHBV sample and 28,8 % for composite sample, after 50 days of incubation. Both tests showed that the presence of lignosulfonate did not interfere in PHBV matrix biodegradation / Mestrado / Físico-Química / Mestre em Química

This thesis is concerned with the biodegradation of oily sludges typically found at refinery sites as waste residues from the refining of mineral oil. Currently these type of wastes represent significant environmental risk. Current technology that addresses containment during treatment to regulate the release of volatile organic carbons and reduction of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the sludge, is incineration. Incineration is a costly option and this research has shown that the same treatment standards as incineration is achievable through bioreactor treatment with the correct process and reactor design.

The control of ticks on cattle has long been a matter of prime importance to stock owners over most of the intensive natural grazing areas in the Southern Hemisphere. The only practical method of dealing with the cattle tick problem in the short term is by treating the infected bovine host with ixodicides i. e. by chemical control. This can be achieved by either plunging the cattle into a dip tank containing aqueous suspensions or emulsions of the ixodicide or by spraying them with dip suspensions in a spray race.

Crude oil leakages often give rise to in situ contamination with both oil and salt. In this study, the biodegradation of model alkanes and of saturated hydrocarbons in whole crude oil by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria was investigated at different salt (NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4) concentrations. Changes in cell surface hydrophobicity at different NaCl concentrations were also investigated. The results show that with increasing NaCl concentration, the lag phase for strain growth on hydrocarbons was prolonged; however, the total degradation efficiency was not influenced greatly. The formation of different sizes of cell aggregates at different salt concentrations indicated that salt could indirectly influence mass transfer of hydrocarbons from the medium to the interior of the cells. The results also showed that KCl had a less inhibitory effect on biodegradation than NaCl, and changes of Na2SO4 concentration did not greatly affect biodegradation. In addition, cell surface hydrophobicity increased with increasing NaCl concentration when the cultures were grown on hydrocarbons.