No description available.

No description available.

Repeated or prolonged activation of skeletal muscle results in an acute decline in the muscle's ability to produce force, which is typically referred to as fatigue. Muscle fatigue is likely related to the by-products of cellular metabolism, alterations in neural activation and diminished membrane excitability that have been shown to accompany repeated contractions. However, the complicated etiology of the fatigue process makes it difficult to understand the relative influence of these physiological responses. Computational modeling of the skeletal muscle response to repeated activation is an appealing means of gaining insight into the mechanisms of muscle fatigue. A reasonably comprehensive model would include components that represent motor neurons and populations of muscle fibers that reflect the range of metabolic and contractile characteristics known to exist in human skeletal muscle. Consideration of joint and connective tissue mechanical properties will add translational value by predicting whole joint segment behavior that can be validated by in vivo experimentation. The proposed dissertation project involved the development of a computational model incorporating multiple components meant to represent the function of the intact neuromuscular system. The complete model combines previously-validated models of neural activation and contractile behavior with a control function that attempts to match torque output to a pre-determined task. The model uses experimentally-derived functions describing metabolic cost and force inhibition to predict the loss of force generating capacity during repeated activation. Once tested using data from a group of adult men, the parameters of this model were altered to reflect age-related changes in the human neuromuscular system. The model's ability to predict the well-established phenomenon of age-related fatigue resistance during isometric contractions was then tested. The results from this series of studies support the utility of a computational approach to the investigation of muscle fatigue, and provide useful tools for future studies.

Black carp consume large quantities of mollusks but food consumption and growth rates have not been studied. Consumption and growth of two sizes of fish fed formulated and natural diets at 20, 25, and 30 C under laboratory conditions were measured. Consumption and growth of fish fed formulated feed increased as temperature increased but followed a convex relationship for fish fed a natural diet. Metabolic and fecal production rates were determined for fish at each temperature. This information was used to develop balanced energy budgets for black carp. Bioenergetic simulation models were constructed to predict consumption and growth in natural systems. Fish inhabiting the Tennessee River and Lake Erie grow faster than fish in other select natural systems of the eastern United States and probably provide a highly satisfactory thermal regime.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-06T12:05:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aghata Pandolfi.pdf: 1636687 bytes, checksum: 093e995d9196ae2cc2043d1e0c90fd1f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T12:05:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aghata Pandolfi.pdf: 1636687 bytes, checksum: 093e995d9196ae2cc2043d1e0c90fd1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-06 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Bioenergetic Body Therapy, created by Lowen and Pierrakos, has been used since the 1950s to help people express pain, traumatic experience, emotional conflict and pleasure. It defends the idea that the human being is not only their body but also their thoughts, emotions, sensations and actions. This research is a study of mixed methods, making use of a research approach that associates the quantitative and qualitative forms with multiple case studies, in the light of Bowlby's Attachment Theory and Bioenergetic Analysis that descends from the discoveries and theories of Wilhelm Reich and Freud's Psychoanalysis. The objective of this research, therefore, is to investigate the effects of the psychotherapeutic action obtained by means of the Bioenergetic Analysis with bereaved people; to analyze the results of the psychotherapeutic action, considering the factors of protection and the factors of risk present in the grieving process. The participants were eight adults of varying ages who were in bereavement for having lost their beloved ones due to various causes. The participants were divided into two groups: Experimental Group – EG, which took part of 14 sessions of psychotherapy for six months, and the Control Group – CG, which remained on the waitlist for six months. The research instruments employed were: clinical interview (before and after the interventions), the Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist measuring instrument – HGRC (before and after the interventions), exercises and body experiences. Case studies were carried out, articulating the data observed during the body work to the results obtained through the HGRC and the interviews. The results of the Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist measuring instrument – HGRC showed statistically significant improvements in the EG in the six subscales: despair, panic, personal growth, guilt and anger, detachment and disorganization. The CG showed improvements only in personal growth. The results indicate that the effects of the psychotherapeutic action obtained through Bioenergetic Analysis favored the participants of this research in their grieving process / A Terapia Corporal Bioenergética, criada por Lowen e Pierrakos, tem sido utilizada desde os anos 1950 com o intuito de ajudar as pessoas a expressarem dor, experiência traumática, conflitos emocionais e prazer. Defende a ideia de que o ser humano é seu corpo como também seus pensamentos, emoções, sensações e ações. A presente pesquisa é um estudo de métodos mistos, fazendo uso de uma abordagem de investigação que associa as formas quantitativa e qualitativa, com estudos de casos múltiplos, à luz da Teoria do Apego de Bowlby e da Análise Bioenergética que descende das descobertas e teorias de Wilhelm Reich e da Psicanálise de Freud. O objetivo desta pesquisa, portanto, consiste em investigar os efeitos da ação psicoterapêutica obtidas por meio da Análise Bioenergética com pessoas enlutadas; analisar os resultados da ação psicoterapêutica, considerando os fatores de proteção e os fatores de risco presentes no processo de luto. Os participantes foram oito pessoas adultas enlutadas com idades variadas que tinham perdido entes queridos por causas diversas. Foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Experimental – GE, que recebeu 14 sessões de psicoterapia durante seis meses e o Grupo Controle – GC, que ficou em lista de espera durante seis meses. Os instrumentos de investigação utilizados foram: entrevista clínica (antes e após das intervenções), instrumento de mensuração Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist – HGRC (antes e após das intervenções), exercícios e vivências corporais. Foram realizados estudos de caso, articulando o observado no trabalho corporal aos resultados obtidos no HGRC e na entrevista. Os resultados do instrumento de mensuração Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist – HGRC apresentaram melhoras estatisticamente significativas no GE nas seis subescalas: desespero, pânico, crescimento pessoal, culpa e raiva, desapego e desorganização. O GC apresentou melhoras apenas no crescimento pessoal. Os resultados indicam que os efeitos da ação psicoterapêutica obtidos por meio da Análise Bioenergética favoreceram os participantes desta pesquisa no seu processo de luto

Orientador: Pedro Luiz Onofrio Volpe / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T03:53:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perles_CarlosEduardo_M.pdf: 705638 bytes, checksum: a455cca3305019a9dcda448dae6c69f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Mestrado / Físico-Química / Mestre em Ciências

AMPK is a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. The gain-of-function AMPKg3 R225W mutation in human skeletal muscle increases resistance to fatigue during exercise, mitochondrial content, and glycogen storage. We demonstrate that primary myotubes exhibit increased OCR, decreased ECAR, increased FAO, and increased activities of several mitochondrial complexes. To examine whether functional effects are attributable to mitochondrial content, we inhibited AMPK; differences between R225W and control were diminished. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibition demonstrated normal respiration independent of glycogen. We examined markers of quality/quantity control of mitochondria. In R225W muscle, fusion markers increased, biogenesis markers remained unchanged, mTOR pathway was inhibited, and there was greater capacity for autophagic flux and mitophagy. We thus determine that bioenergetic effects of R225W are in part due to active AMPK, but also due to capacity for more robust mitochondria. Overall, R225W provides a model for evaluating effects of AMPK, and new avenues toward treatment of metabolic disease.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Husitská teologická fakulta Diplomová práce TERAPIE DUŠE POMOCÍ PRÁCE S TĚLEM BODYTERAPIE Praha, 2012 Bc. Lada Králová Univerzita Karlova v Praze Husitská teologická fakulta Diplomová práce TERAPIE DUŠE POMOCÍ PRÁCE S TĚLEM BODYTERAPIE THERAPY OF THE SOUL BY BODYWORK BODYTHERAPY Vedoucí práce: Autor: PaedDr. Mgr. Hana Žáčková Bc. Lada Králová Praha 2012 Na tomto míst bych ráda pod kovala vedoucí diplomové práce paní PaedDr. Mgr. Haně Žáčkové za cenné připomínky. Prohlášení Prohla uji, e jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatn a výhradn s pou itím citovaných pramen , literatury a dal ích odborných zdroj . v Praze, dne 27. června 2012 Lada Králová Anotace Diplomová práce se zabývá bodyterapií, psychoterapií zaměřenou na tělo. Teoretická část je rozdělena do pěti oddílů, z nichž první část seznamuje s bodyterapií a historií terapeutických přístupů práce s tělem. Druhá ást práce je zaměřena na bioenergetiku a pojetí tělesného konceptu, kterého využívá právě bodyterapie. V další ásti práce se v nujeme rozpoznávání signálů z těla, jako je řeč těla a organismický pohled na osobnost. Ve čtvrté části práce blíže specifikujeme jednotlivé charakterové typy člověka. V posledním oddíle se zabýváme zejména psychoterapeutickou intervencí zaměřenou na tělo. Praktická část mapuje...

La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative fatale de l'âge adulte, caractérisée par une perte de motoneurones, conduisant à une atrophie et une faiblesse musculaires. Des mutations de la superoxyde dismutase-1 (SOD1) provoquent une forme génétique de SLA. Comme chez les patients atteints de SLA, le modèle animal de SLA, SOD1 mutant, révèle que tous les motoneurones sont inégalement sensibles à l'évolution de la maladie. Les mitochondries, centrales énergétiques des cellules, sont des organelles précocement touchées dans la pathologie de la SLA. Un mécanisme attrayant qui sous-tend la susceptibilité différentielle est la nécessité bioénergétique variable de sous-ensembles distincts de motoneurones. Cela implique que dans le système nerveux central, la demande bioénergétique pourrait moduler le seuil pathologique. Même en l'absence de perte bioénergétique, on peut imaginer une situation dans laquelle une contrainte pathologique modifie le niveau à partir duquel la production ou la livraison de l'ATP devient insuffisant, précipitant la chute des neurones les plus vulnérables. Dans les neurones, la majorité de l'ATP est produite par les mitochondries et l'homéostasie des gradients d'ions est le procédé le plus énergivore. La fonction mitochondriale est moindre pour modifier les propriétés électriques des motoneurones si la disponibilité en ATP devient insuffisante pour permettre aux pompes ioniques de maintenir des gradients appropriés. Nous avons démontré que la concentration intracellulaire basale d’ATP dans des cultures de neurones moteurs est diminuée dans les cellules mutées SOD1 par rapport au type sauvage. Paradoxalement à ce résultat, le taux de consommation d'oxygène des mitochondries est augmenté dans les motoneurones SOD1m et il n'existe aucune preuve d'une augmentation de la consommation. Nos résultats appuient l'hypothèse intéressante qu'il y a un découplage entre la chaîne respiratoire et la production d'ATP. Ce découplage peut être utilisé comme une stratégie pour minimiser les propriétés toxiques des mitochondries hyper stimulées. / Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of motor neurons, leading to muscle wasting and weakness. Mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) cause a form of ALS. As in ALS patients, the mutant SOD1 animal model of ALS reveals that not all motor neurons are equally susceptible to the disease process. An attractive mechanism underlying differential susceptibility is the variable bioenergetics need of distinct subsets of motor neurons. This implies that within the CNS, bioenergetics can modulate the pathological threshold. Even in the absence of loss in bioenergetics, one can envision a situation in which a pathological stress alters the level at which either the production or delivery of ATP becomes insufficient, precipitating the demise of the most vulnerable neuron types. In neurons, majority of ATP is produced by mitochondria and the homeostasis of ion gradients is the most energy-consuming process. Reduced mitochondrial function will modify the electrical properties of motor neurons if ATP availability becomes insufficient to allow ion pumps to maintain appropriate gradients. We demonstrated that the basal ATP intra-cellular concentration in motor neuron cultures lower in SOD1 mutated cells compared to wild type. Paradoxically to this result, the oxygen consumption rate of mitochondria is increase in mSOD1 cells and there is no evidence for an increase of consumption. Our results support the interesting hypothesis that there is an uncoupling between the respiratory chain and the ATP production. This uncoupling might be used as a strategy to minor the toxic properties of hyper stimulated mitochondrion.

Les effets de la contamination au méthylmercure chez le poisson zèbre Danio rerio ont été interrogés au sein de deux tissus, le muscle squelettique et le système nerveux central, dont le choix fut motivé par leur fort potentiel bioaccumulateur de cet organométallique. Après contamination par voie trophique, à un niveau d’exposition représentatif de ce qui peut advenir dans certains écosystèmes aquatiques, nos observations expérimentales indiquent que ce métal perturbe fortement le métabolisme mitochondrial dans les muscles, mais épargne celui du cerveau ; en outre, l’analyse de l’expression génique suggère une perturbation de l’homéostasie du calcium dans ces deux tissus. Dans le système nerveux central, parmi les synapses glutamatergique et GABAnergique, seule la voie métabolique du GABA semble montrer une adaptation face au MeHg. Concernant le muscle squelettique, l’analyse SAGE a permis d’appréhender les impacts du MeHg à l’échelle cellulaire, révélant également une perturbation de la synthèse protéique, l’induction d’un stress au niveau du reticulum endoplasmique ainsi que l’induction de plusieurs gènes impliqués dans les processus de détoxication et les voies de réponse générale au stress. Notre étude a également mis en évidence la surexpression du gène de la vitellogénine dans le muscle chez des poissons mâles désignant ainsi ce métal comme un perturbateur endocrinien. Enfin, nous avons également révélé une perturbation importante de l’éclosion des œufs associée à un transfert maternel de ce toxique. / The effects of methylmercury contamination on the zebrafish, Danio rerio, were assessed in two tissues, the skeletal muscle and the central nervous system, whose choice was motivated by their high potential to bioaccumulate this organometallic. After contamination by dietary, at a representative exposure level of which may arise in some aquatic ecosystems, our experimental observations indicate that metal strongly disrupts the mitochondrial metabolism in the muscles, but savings that the brain; in addition, the gene expression analysis suggests a disruption of the calcium homeostasis in these two tissues. In the central nervous system among glutamatergique and GABAnergique synapses, only the metabolic pathway of the GABA seems to show an adaptation to the MeHg. Concerning the skeletal muscle scanning SAGE analysis helped to understand the impacts of the MeHg at the cellular scale. It is also revealing a disruption of the protein synthesis, the induction of a stress at the endoplasmic reticulum level as well as the induction of several genes involved in detoxification process and general stress response. Our study has also highlighted the induction of the vitellogenin gene in the muscle of male fish designating this metal as an endocrine disruptor. Finally, we have also revealed a significant disruption of hatching eggs associated with maternal transfer of this toxic.