Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2007. / Enthält u.a. 4 Aufsätze.

Zugl.: Dortmund, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2009

Fachhochsch., Diplomarbeit--Ludwigshafen, 2007.

Zugl.: Dortmund, Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.

Univ., Diss., 2010--Kassel.

No description available.

Die Politik hat sich sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf europäischer Ebene ambitionierte Ziele zum Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und zur Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen gesetzt. Im Nationalen Aktionsplan für Erneuerbare Energien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind diese Ziele bis zum Jahr 2020 definiert. Der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien bei der Bereitstellung von Wärme und Kälte soll demnach von 6,6 % auf 15,5 % des Bruttoendenergieverbrauches steigen. Entsprechend der zunehmenden Bedeutung der solarthermischen, oberflächennahen und geothermischen Wärme wird der relative Anteil der Biomasse abnehmen. Mit den im Nationalen Aktionsplan aufgeführten 79 % leistet sie dennoch einen essentiellen Betrag im regenerativen Wärmemarkt [BMU 2010]. [... aus der Einleitung]

München, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

The aim of this study was to extend knowledge about the influence of permanent grassland fertilization on the yield and the quality of biogas. During the years 2013 and 2014 three levels of fertilization (non fertilized control, N50PK, N200PK) were tested. Samples were taken from the experiment site Černíkovice, Benešov region. For anaerobic digestion, a 40 day mesophilic conditions batch test was chosen. A statistically significant decrease of substrate biogas yield (SBY) and area biogas yield (ABY) with higher doses of fertilizers occurred between non fertilized control (575.4 ml/g; 3332.4 m3/ha) and N200PK variant (460.5 ml/g; 2605.7 m3/ha) in 2013. The only statistically significant differences in the quality of biogas were found during the first day of anaerobic digestion, when the highest doses of fertilizers caused higher concentration of methane (33.2 %) compared to control variant (22.6 %). Application of fertilizers had no significant effect on SBY in 2014. Still, the highest SBY was obtained from the non fertilized control (762.7 ml/g) compared to N50PK (707.6 ml/g) and N200PK variant (732.8 ml/g). Furthermore, significant most of the ABY was obtained from the N50PK (2911.5 m3/ha) compared to the non fertilized control (2296.3 m3/ha). The only significant differences in biogas quality were found during the initial 7 days of the test. Most of the methane was contained in biogas from the non fertilized control (59.1 %), and least amount of the methane was found in the N50PK variant (57.9 %). ABY is highly influenced by the yields of phytomass, which were negatively affected by the late first cut caused by unfavorable site conditions in 2013. Cumulative biogas production showed that the most important part of anaerobic digestion was during the initial 14 days, which produced upwards of 80 % of total biogas yields in both years.

This method handbook tries to provide such a compromise: it gives guidance for diverse projects of the programme 'Biomass energy use' and as such improves the connectivity of the evaluation fi ndings. The suggested method documentations are based on the current state of scientifi c knowledge and range from qualitative descriptions of methods to detailed calculation methods. They are limited to selected questions and provide no complete evaluation of sustainability. It is the result of a four-year discussion process, enriched by the project partners of the funding programme. Valuable contribution were generated in working groups and at various workshops. Here the dedication of the working groups 'Biomass Potentials', 'Life-cycle Assessment', 'Thermochemical Gasifi cation' and 'Reference Systems' should be particularly mentioned. This version of the method handbook is now established and through its coordinated reference systems it forms a bridge for the overall classifi cation of the research projects and the funding programme in the framework of the German climate protection discourse. Without doubt, the approaches and calculation procedures listed here only represent a starting point; on which further developments can be based upon, both scientifi cally and in practical applications. Future constructive and fruitful collaborations within the programme are essential for this and other challenges surrounding the harmonisation of methods. All this is still driven by the need and the goal to further optimise, little by little, the use of biomass in energy production.