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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Microelectromechanical systems for biomimetical application

Latif, Rhonira January 2013 (has links)
The application of adaptive micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) device in biologically-inspired cochlear model (cochlear biomodel) has been seen as a preferable approach to mimic closely the human cochlear response. The thesis focuses on the design and fabrication of resonant gate transistor (RGT) device applied towards the development of RGT cochlear biomodel. An array of RGT devices can mimic the cochlea by filtering the sound input signals into multiple electrical outputs. The RGT device consists of two main components; a) the MEMS bridge gate structure that transduces the sound input into mechanical vibrations and b) the channel with source/drain regions underneath the bridge gate structure that transduce the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. The created mathematical model for RGT calculates the electrical outputs that are suited for neural spike coding. The neuromorphic auditory system is proposed by integrating the RGT devices with the spike event interface circuits. The novelty of the system lies in the adaptive characteristics of the RGT devices that can self-tune the frequency and sensitivity using the feedback control signals from the neuromorphic circuits. The bridge gates have been designed to cover the audible frequency range signals of 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Aluminium and tantalum have been studied as the material for the bridge gate structure. The fabrication of a bridge gate requires a gentle etch release technique to release the structure from a sacrificial layer. The downstream etch release technique employing oxygen/nitrogen plasma has been introduced and characterised. In the first iteration, aluminium bridge gates have been fabricated. The presence of tensile stress within aluminium had caused the aluminium bridge gates of length >1mm to collapse. In order to address this issue, tantalum bridge gates have been fabricated in the second iteration. Straight tantalum bridge gates in tensile stress and buckled tantalum bridge gates in compressive stress have been characterised. The frequency range of 550 Hz - 29.4 kHz has been achieved from the fabricated tantalum bridge gates of length 0.57mm - 5.8mm. The channel and source/drain regions have been fabricated and integrated with the aluminium or tantalum bridge gate structures to create the RGTs. In this study, the n-channel and p-channel resonant gate transistor (n-RGT and p-RGT) have been considered. In n-RGT, phosphorus ions are implanted to form the source/drain regions. High subthreshold currents have been measured from the n-RGTs. Thus, p- RGTs have been employed with considerably small subthreshold current. In p-RGT, boron ions are implanted to form the source/drain regions. The threshold voltage, transconductance and subthreshold current for both n-channel and p-channel resonant gate transistor devices have been characterised. In this work, the channel conductance of the n-RGT and p-RGT devices has been modulated successfully and the sensitivity tuning within the audible frequency range has been achieved from the tantalum bridge gates of the p-RGT devices. The characterisation and optimisation of the resonant gate transistor provide the first step towards the development of the adaptive RGT cochlear biomodel for the neuromorphic auditory system application.
2

Avaliação comparativa dos detalhes anatômicos dos ossos do membro torácico do equino e de seus biomodelos produzidos por digitalização e impressão 3D / Comparative assessment of anatomical details of equines thoracic limb bones and its biomodels produced via scanning and 3D printing

Reis, Daniela de Alcantara Leite dos 25 June 2018 (has links)
O uso da digitalização e da impressão tridimensional (3D) com a produção de biomodelos que possam ser usados em aulas práticas das disciplinas de anatomia veterinária no Brasil é uma ferramenta inovadora. O acesso dos alunos a essa material didático pode representar um aspecto importante no aprendizado da anatomia de animais domésticos. Neste estudo, foi utilizado um scanner que faz a captura tridimensional das imagens e uma impressora 3D que realiza a impressão por deposição de material fundido (FDM) para produzir modelos esqueléticos de do membro torácico do equino. Foram usados a escápula, o úmero, radio e ulna, ossos do carpo e falanges usada para produzir modelos digitais. Estes foram então usados para produzir modelos físicos através da impressão, realizada em várias escalas. As características anatômicas dos modelos impressos tridimensionais (3D) foram então comparadas com as dos ossos do esqueleto original. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que os biomodelos de animais podem ser rapidamente produzidos usando a tecnologia de impressão 3D. Em termos de precisão entre os biomodelos e as peças anatômicas originais não houve diferença significativa na estatística. Todas as características, exceto o forame nutrício, puderam ser identificadas nas cópias impressas em 3D. / The use of three-dimensional (3D) scanning and printing for the production of biomodels that can be used in practical classes of veterinary anatomy disciplines in Brazil is an innovative tool. The students ease of access to this teaching material can be an important aspect of learning the anatomy of domestic animals. In this study, a scanner was used to capture three-dimensional images and a 3D printer that performs die-cast printing (FDM) was used to produce skeletal models of equines thoracic limb. The scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, carpal bones and phalanges were used to produce digital models and physical models for 3D impressions. The anatomical characteristics of the three-dimensional printed models were then compared with those of the original skeletal bones. The results of this study demonstrated that animal biomodels can be rapidly produced using 3D printing technology. In terms of precision between the biomodels and the original anatomical parts, there was no significant statistical difference. All the characteristics, except for the foramen nutritium, were successfully identified in the 3D printed copies.
3

Aplicação da prototipagem rapida no planejamento de cirurgias craniofaciais / Application of rapid prototyping in craniofacial surgeries planning

Gouveia, Maria de Fatima de 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Cecilia Amelia de Carvalho Zavaglia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:41:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gouveia_MariadeFatimade_D.pdf: 10651170 bytes, checksum: 76437c6b2c0b158b3dab94e80c7111e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A utilização da tecnologia de Prototipagem Rápida (PR) na área médica tem se expandindo a cada dia. Os modelos médicos, ou os chamados biomodelos, utilizados para planejamento cirúrgico são confeccionados por processos de PR, a partir do processamento de imagens médicas de Tomografia Computadorizada. Ao cirurgião esta técnica permite o manuseio de modelos da parte anatômica do paciente, antes da execução do correspondente procedimento cirúrgico de reconstrução. A tecnologia de PR associada à biomodelagem tem se revelado uma ferramenta excepcional para: o planejamento cirúrgico, a confecção de próteses personalizadas e a execução da cirurgia, levando a melhores resultados funcionais e estéticos, bem como a uma diminuição de riscos e custos envolvidos neste processo. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido dentro do Projeto Promed - Prototipagem Rápida na Medicina, no Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer - CTI, que atendeu, entre janeiro de 2000 e setembro de 2008, um total de 982 pacientes com necessidade de cirurgias de reconstrução. Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento de dados sobre estes pacientes, classificando-os quanto a: gênero, faixa etária, procedência, regiões anatômicas reproduzidas e aplicações dos biomodelos confeccionados. Os resultados da análise deste levantamento indicaram que 98% dos casos atendidos foram referentes às reconstruções craniofaciais, sendo que 86% destes apresentavam diretamente lesões em um ou mais terços da face. Os biomodelos foram utilizados principalmente em reconstruções de reabilitação bucomaxilar (32%), neoplasias e displasias (18%), fraturas por trauma (13%) e desarmonias faciais (9%). A integração entre biomateriais e PR é examinada no contexto deste estudo, mostrando possibilidades de utilização da PR na confecção direta e indireta de próteses personalizadas, na obtenção de scaffolds para reconstrução anatômica e na engenharia tecidual. Exemplos de planejamento cirúrgico realizado com o auxílio de biomodelos foram incluídos no texto, a título de elucidar os métodos de aplicação desta técnica. / Abstract: The use of Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology in medicine has been expanding every day. The medical models, or so-called biomodels, used for surgical planning, are made by PR processes, based on computed tomography medical image processing. This technique allows the surgeon to handle anatomical models of the patient, before running the reconstruction surgery. The RP technology associated with biomodelling has proved to be an exceptional tool for: surgical planning, customized prostheses manufacturing and surgery accomplishment, leading to better functional and aesthetic results, as well as, a reduction of risks and costs involved in this process. This work was developed within Promed Project - Rapid Prototyping in Medicine, at Center for Information Technology Renato Archer - CTI, who attended, between January 2000 and September 2008, a total of 982 patients in need of surgical reconstruction. This work presents a data survey on these patients, classifying them by: gender, age, origin, anatomical regions and biomodel applications. The results of this survey indicated that 98% of cases referred to craniofacial reconstructions, with 86% of these injuries covering one or more thirds of the face. Biomodels were mainly used in reconstructions of bucomaxilar rehabilitation (32%), neoplasias and dysplasias (18%), trauma fractures (13%) and facial disharmonies (9%). The integration of biomaterials and RP is examined in the context of this study, showing possibilities for the use of RP in the direct and indirect construction of customized prostheses, in obtaining scaffolds for anatomical reconstruction and tissue engineering. Examples of surgical planning with the aid of biomodels were included in the text, for elucidating the method of application of this technique. / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
4

Modelo computacional de descrição de projetos para impressão de biosistemas

Francisco, Luiz Angelo Valota 24 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T20:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAVF.pdf: 2396434 bytes, checksum: d18db543d45b99a8efd280285db823b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T12:05:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAVF.pdf: 2396434 bytes, checksum: d18db543d45b99a8efd280285db823b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T12:05:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAVF.pdf: 2396434 bytes, checksum: d18db543d45b99a8efd280285db823b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T12:05:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAVF.pdf: 2396434 bytes, checksum: d18db543d45b99a8efd280285db823b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-24 / Não recebi financiamento / Currently, there are several studies directed to the manufacture of biosystems (biomaterials, living tissues or organs). These studies include several practice areas ranging from virtual representation of an organ or tissue to its biomanufacturing (bioprinting) itself. But for biomanufacturing a complex organ, it is still needed a long walk, because this process requires a very large wealth of information. Experiments to aid in surgical planning have been made based on medical image data and use of 3D printer rapid prototyping through STL specifications (STereoLitography). This work aims the study biomanufacturing processes of biomaterials, living tissues and organs aiming to establish the requirements for building a computer model to assist in the development of a project description framework for bioprinting living tissues and organs via STL specifications. This model was designed through research processes and parameters required for bioprinting of living tissues or organs resulting from the state of the art in this area and forms of representation in a computer model. For the evaluation of the model and the developed framework, an experiment was conducted where the data of a cartilage bioprinting experiment conducted by other authors were expressed through a bioprinting project. / Atualmente, existem vários estudos voltados para a fabricação de biosistemas (biomateriais, tecidos vivos ou órgãos). Esses estudos contemplam várias áreas de atuação que vão desde a representação virtual de um órgão ou tecido até a sua biofabricação (bioimpressão) propriamente dita. Porém, para a biofabricação de um órgão complexo, ainda é necessária uma longa caminhada, pois esse processo exige uma riqueza muito grande de informações. Experimentos para auxilio em planejamento cirúrgico têm sido feitos baseados em dados de imagens médicas e uso de impressoras 3D de prototipagem rápida, através de especificações STL (STereoLitography). Este trabalho, tem como objetivo, o estudo de processos de biofabricação de biomateriais, tecidos vivos e órgãos visando, estabelecer os requisitos necessários para a construção de um modelo computacional que auxilie no desenvolvimento de um framework de descrição de projetos para bioimpressão de tecidos vivos e órgãos por intermédio de especificações STL. Esse modelo foi concebido através da investigação de processos e parâmetros necessários para a bioimpressão de tecidos vivos ou órgãos, decorrentes do estado da arte nessa área e das formas de sua representação em um modelo computacional. Para a avaliação do modelo e do framework desenvolvido, foi realizado um experimento onde os dados de um experimento de bioimpressão de cartilagem realizado por outros autores foram expressados através de um projeto de bioimpressão.

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