Thesis (Ph. D) -- University of the Western Cape, 2007. / Includes bibliographic references , (186-222).

Microalgae are a large and diverse group of photosynthetic organisms ranging from prokaryotic cyanobacteria to eukaryotic algae spread across many phyla. Traditional algal biotechnology approaches have focused on growing algae in monoculture, in contrast to nature, where algae live in association with many other organisms. One association of interest is between the bacterium Mesorhizobium loti (Rhizobiales) and the green alga, Lobomonas rostrata deficient in the production of vitamin B12. The alga provides fixed carbon to the bacterium whereas the bacterium supplies vitamin B12 to the alga. In the course of a screen for bacterial mutants altered in the interaction, a novel symbiosis was serendipitously identified involving the non-Rhizobiales bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis and L. rostrata. This novel interaction, together with interaction of the more industrially relevant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain was characterized. Nitrogen is a major limiting nutrient for industrial scale algal production. An alternative option to the Haber-Bosch process of synthesising and supplementing fixed nitrogen into media is to utilise nitrogen fixing bacteria capable of secreting fixed nitrogen into the media otherwise known as biofertilisation. Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacteria that can fix its own nitrogen and engineered strains capable of releasing fixed nitrogen in the form of amino acids and ammonium were cultured with the industrially relevant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii metE—+ M. loti consortium and Chlorella vulgaris in nitrogen-free media. There are relatively few published studies investigating and outlining the challenges involved in scaling algae production from the laboratory through to pilot scale. Furthermore, these studies have typically focused on growing axenic cultures. The B12-dependent strain of C. reinhardtii metE— was grown in the presence of supplemented B12 and B12 producing M. loti at lab scale (50 mL), pre-pilot scale (10 L) and pilot scale (60 L). The growth efficiency as determined by growth rate, was measured and compared for both cultures at all scales.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-02T12:27:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CECY PEREIRA FIGUEIRA DA SILVA NETA MELLO.pdf: 1451626 bytes, checksum: 863ab02a5e133691994a8b778ef75e6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T12:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CECY PEREIRA FIGUEIRA DA SILVA NETA MELLO.pdf: 1451626 bytes, checksum: 863ab02a5e133691994a8b778ef75e6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / With the biotechnology advancement and development, with special focus on genetic engineering, also rises the requirement of ethical fundamentals in a scenario of constant modifications. When it comes to transgenic food, there‟s controversy in the philosophical, ethical, environmental, political, legal and economic field because it‟s a subject which is inside of the daily reality, with very fast changes and in that context, the Brazilian and international legislation seems to doesn‟t follow the technology velocity and Science becomes a political and economical instrument. In this article, international law and national law related to the using of genetically modified organism are analyzed, pointing out the 11.105/05 law, considering the origin, shape and evolution of genetically modified organism, the importance of obeying the environmental law when handling and distributing products resulting of these genetic modifications to the public consumption, this law analysis, going through the environmental impacts, giving importance to the cost-benefit and the risk expressly taken by the scientific community, besides the own concept of consumer, proving the need of genetically modified food labelling and the reality of what really happens in the process of patenting acquisition in the international law and in the Brazilian law and jurisprudence decisions. / Com o avanço e o desenvolvimento da biotecnologia, com enfoque especial na engenharia genética, surge também a necessidade da inserção da ética e de seus princípios em um cenário de modificações constantes. No que tange aos alimentos transgênicos, polêmicas são levantadas no campo filosófico, ético, ambiental, político, social, jurídico e econômico, pois o tema está inserido em uma realidade do nosso dia a dia, com mudanças muito rápidas e diante deste contexto, as legislações brasileiras e internacionais parecem não acompanhar a velocidade da tecnologia e a ciência passa a ser instrumento da política e da economia. No presente trabalho são analisadas leis internacionais, legislações relativas à utilização dos organismos geneticamente modificados, ressaltando-se a Lei 11.105/05, considerando a origem, a forma e a evolução do organismo geneticamente modificado, a importância da obediência às leis de Direito Ambiental no manuseio e distribuição dos produtos oriundos destas modificações genéticas para o consumo da população, a análise desta legislação, passando pelos impactos ambientais, dando ênfase ao custo benefício e ao risco assumido expressamente pela comunidade científica, discorrendo ainda sobre o direito do consumidor, além do próprio conceito de consumidor, demonstrando também a necessidade da rotulagem dos alimentos geneticamente modificados e a forma como acontece o processo para obtenção de patentes tanto na legislação exterior quanto na legislação brasileira e as decisões jurisprudenciais.