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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Epidemiological investigations of cancer of the bladder

Dolin, Paul John January 1992 (has links)
No description available.
92

Diagnóstico de cistite em cães: contribuição dos métodos de avaliação

Vasconcellos, Amanda Leal de [UNESP] 29 February 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vasconcellos_al_me_jabo.pdf: 364796 bytes, checksum: faa48323c2af56deebee2125936ba7e6 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Os cães podem ser acometidos por diversos tipos de doenças vesicais incluindo cistites, neoplasias e urolitíases, dentre outras. A variedade da etiopatogenia e das formas de apresentação clínica das cistites constitui um fator complicante para o diagnóstico. O presente estudo teve por objetivo evidenciar a importância da inclusão de alguns exames complementares com vistas ao diagnóstico correto das afecções vesicais. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo para o diagnóstico da condição vesical de 46 animais, machos e fêmeas, selecionados ao acaso dentre os encaminhados para check-up de rotina e os pacientes com algum tipo de sinal ou achado sugestivo de doença vesical. A avaliação consistiu de exame clínico completo e exame específico do trato urinário incluindo urinálise, exame microbiológico da urina por meio de cultura em lâmina e cultura tradicional, e avaliação vesical por meio do exame ultrassonográfico. Os dados foram submetidos à analise estatística descritiva e ao Teste Exato de Fisher para associações. Os resultados evidenciaram que os sinais clínicos e os achados de sedimentoscopia da urina não são específicos, dada a semelhança das manifestações das diversas doenças vesicais. A urocultura e a ultrassonografia vesical foram exames complementares decisivos que possibilitaram o diagnóstico dos casos de cistite bacteriana (n=32) bem como das doenças vesicais coexistentes (n=3) e das doenças vesicais não infecciosas (n=2). Concluiu-se que o exame clínico de rotina, mesmo que a urinálise seja incluída, não é apropriado para diagnosticar doenças vesicais e que a urocultura e o exame ultrassonográfico contribuem de modo decisivo para o diagnóstico correto dos cães com ou sem sinais clínicos de cistite / Dogs can be affected by several types of bladder diseases including cystitis, neoplasia, and urolithiasis, among others. The variety of etiopathology and clinical presentation forms of cystitis is a complicating factor for the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to show the importance of some additional exams inclusion in order to achieve the correct diagnosis for bladder diseases. A prospective study was conducted for bladder condition diagnosis in 46 animals, males and females, taken for random among dogs referred for routine checkup and the patients with some type of signs or finding suggestive of bladder disease. The evaluation included complete clinical exam and specific examination of the urinary tract including urinalysis, urine microbiologic examination by commercially manufactured screening urine culture kit and traditional culture, and ultrasound bladder evaluation. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Fisher’s Exact Text. The results showed that clinical signs and urine sediment findings are nonspecific, given the similarity of the bladder diseases manifestations. The urine culture and bladder ultrasound were decisive additional exams that enable the diagnosis of bacterial cystitis (n=32), as well as of the coexisting bladders diseases (n=3) and non infectious bladder diseases (n=2). It was concluded that the routine clinical examination, even when the urinalysis is included, isn`t appropriated for bladder diseases diagnosis, moreover the urine culture and the ultrasonographyc exam contribute in a decisive way for the correct diagnosis of dogs showing or not clinical signs of cystitis
93

Biomarker and treatment target development in muscle invasive bladder cancer

Robinson, Richard January 2015 (has links)
Introduction: The outcomes following radical treatment for bladder cancer (BC) remain poor, with 5 year overall survival (OS) rates of approximately 50% and over 5000 deaths per year in the U.K. There has been paucity of significant therapeutic developments since the introduction of cisplatinum based chemotherapy in the 1970’s. The aim of this study was to identify putative drug targets for the treatment of this aggressive form of cancer. Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from the cystectomy specimens of 497 BC patients and 70 controls, linked to a clinical database with extended follow up. The online database Oncomine® was interrogated to identify putative treatment targets which were subsequently evaluated using in-vitro models of high grade invasive bladder cancer (using the J82 and T24 cell lines). In-vitro modelling was conducted using siRNA target knockdown during proliferation, chemo-sensitivity, migration and Matrigel™ invasion assays. Expression of the putative targets was then correlated with tumour characteristics and patient outcomes, by IHC and automated image analysis of the TMA. Results: The proteins CYR61 and CTGF were selected from Oncomine® and studied in conjunction with the HGF/MET axis, on the basis of known interactions in other cancer types. siRNA knockdown of both proteins abrogated HGF induced Matrigel™ invasion in both cell lines. CYR61 knockdown significantly reduced HGF induced cell migration and foetal calf serum (FCS) induced Matrigel™ invasion in both cell lines. Knockdown of both proteins also significantly increased the sensitivity of both cell lines to cisplatinum. CYR61 expression was significantly increased in BC samples compared to normal controls and an independent predictor of OS at 6 years (HR 1.493, p=0.030). In contrast, loss of CTGF expression was significantly associated with increasing tumour stage and worse OS. MET expression was reduced in BC compared to controls and not predictive of survival following cystectomy. Conclusions: The in-vitro findings for CTGF as a treatment target were encouraging, although these findings were not supported by the TMA data. CYR61 promotes an aggressive bladder cancer phenotype and knockdown reverses features of EMT and increases chemo-sensitivity. Clinical cohort correlation confirms CYR61 to be a promising treatment target in bladder cancer.
94

The effects of age on urinary bladder function in the male rat : response to pharmacological agents /

Chun, Alexa L. January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
95

Na^+ and Cl^- Reabsorption Studies in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Urinary Bladder Sac / Na^+ and Cl^- Reabsorption Studies in the Rainbow Trout Urinary Bladder Sac

Miarczynski, Maciej 05 1900 (has links)
Thesis / Master of Science (MS)
96

Disease map-based biomarker selection and pre-validation for bladder cancer diagnostic

De Paoli, M., Perco, P., Mühlberger, I., Lukas, A., Pandha, H.S., Morgan, Richard, Feng, G.J., Marquette, C. 2015 July 1931 (has links)
Yes / Context: Urinary biomarkers are promising as simple alternatives to cystoscopy for the diagnosis of de novo and recurrent bladder cancer. Objective: To identify a highly sensitive and specific biomarker candidate set with potential clinical utility in bladder cancer. Materials and methods: Urinary biomarkers concentrations were determined by ELISA. The performance of individual markers and marker combinations was assessed using ROC analysis. Results: A 5-biomarker panel (IL8, MMP9, VEGFA, PTGS2 and EN2) was defined from the candidate set. Discussion and conclusion: This panel showed a better overall performance than the best individual marker. Further validation studies are needed to evaluate its clinical utility in bladder cancer. / This work has been supported in part by the European Commission Program DIPROMON - HEALTH-F5-2012-306157-2: Development of an integrated protein- and cell-based device for non-invasive diagnostics in the urogenital tract.
97

Clinical and in vitro analysis of Osteopontin as a prognostic indicator and unveil its potential downstream targets in bladder cancer

Wong, J.P.C., Wei, R., Lyu, P., Tong, O.L.H., Zhang, S.D., Wen, Q., Yuen, H.F., El-Tanani, Mohamed, Kwok, H.F. 11 January 2017 (has links)
Yes / Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in cancer progression, however its prognostic significance and its downstream factors are largely elusive. In this study, we have shown that expression of OPN was significantly higher in bladder cancer specimens with higher T-stage or tumor grades. In addition, a high level of OPN was significantly associated with poorer survival in two independent bladder cancer patient cohorts totaling 389 bladder cancer patients with available survival data. We further identified Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) were both downstream factors for OPN in bladder cancer specimens and bladder cancer cell lines. Expression of OPN was significantly positively associated with that of MMP9 and S100A8, while overexpression of OPN resulted in upregulation of MMP9 and S100A8, and knockdown of OPN showed consistent downregulation of MMP9 and S100A8 expression levels. Importantly, expression levels of both MMP9 and S100A8 were significantly associated with higher T-stage, higher tumor grade and a shorter survival time in the bladder cancer patients. Interestingly, OPN expression only predicted survival in MMP9-high, but not MMP9-low subgroups, and in S100A8-low but not S100A8-high subgroups. Our results suggest that OPN, MMP9 and S100A8 all play a significant role in bladder cancer progression and are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in bladder cancer. The mechanistic link between these three genes and bladder cancer progression warrants further investigation. / University of Macau Multi-Year Research Grant (MYRG2015-00065-FHS)
98

Investigations of MicroRNAs in urine supernatant for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and the potential functional roles of miR-99a.

January 2012 (has links)
膀胱尿路上皮腫瘤發病率在泌尿道腫瘤中排第二位,它具有高複發性的特點。目前,有創性尿道膀胱鏡檢查是診斷的金標準。儘管先後有很多血液或尿液中的分子被先後用於診斷膀胱癌的診斷研究,但到目前為止尚未有任何一種方法可以取代膀胱鏡檢查。有證據表明在膀胱上皮腫瘤組織中有很多異常表達的microRNA,但是內在機制的有關研究相對缺乏。在本研究中,我們利用在尿液上清中異常表達的microRNA來評估它們在膀胱癌診斷中的價值。而且,我們揭示了其潛在的調控機理。通過microRNA基因芯片,我們結合并對比來自膀胱腫瘤病人和正常對照患者的9個尿液上清樣本,以及4對腫瘤組織及臨近正常黏膜上皮中microRNA的表達,初步篩選出10個異常的microRNA。然後我們使用定量RT-PCR的方法在另外獨立的18對腫瘤組織和正常黏膜中進一步驗證芯片結果。最後我們就6個被帥選出來的microRNA在71例的膀胱癌患者和正常對照組的尿液上清中進行檢測並評估其診斷效能。我們發現,miR-125b和miR-99a的表達在膀胱癌患者的尿液上清中明顯下調。另外,它們下調程度與腫瘤的病理分級相關。結合miR-125b和miR-99b兩者作為診斷膀胱癌的指標,靈敏度達86.7%,特異度達81.1%,同時有陽性預測值達91.8%。當作為腫瘤分級指標,miR-125b具有81.4%的敏感度,87.0%的特異度,陽性預測值達93.4%。膀胱腫瘤切除之後,和術前比較,兩個microRNA的表達水平再度上升。我們將miR-99轉染到三個膀胱腫瘤細胞株中(T24,UMUC3和J82)。我們發現miR-99a對UMUC3細胞具有輕微的抗增殖功能。同時,miR-99a在3個細胞株中顯示均顯示具有抗遷移和抗侵襲能力。為尋找miR-99a的目標mRNA,我們結合數據庫算法預測,在Western blot中驗證到miR-99a能顯著下調VLDLR蛋白。隨後我們將帶有VLDLR的3'UTR質粒轉染進入細胞中并證實VLDLR mRNA是miR-99a直接作用的目標。另外,當VLDLR siRNA被轉入3個細胞株之後,我們觀察到相似的抗遷移和抗侵襲的現象。最後我們發現N-cadherin是該通路中的下游抑制遷移和侵襲的分子。本項研究證實研究尿液上清中的microRNA是可行的。MiR-125b和miR-99a是膀胱腫瘤的診斷和分級的有效指標。此外,miR-99a能夠通過和VLDLR mRNA直接結合從而抑制膀胱腫瘤遷移和侵襲功能。 / Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the second most common malignancy in the urological system with high recurrence rate. Current gold standard examination for diagnosis is urethrocystoscopy, which is an invasive procedure. Although numerous molecular markers in blood or urine have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer, none of them could replace urethrocystoscopy in clinical practice. There are accumulating evidences suggesting microRNA dysregulation might be related to the pathogenesis of UCB. However, the exact functions of these microRNAs in UCB remain unknown. In this thesis, the role of selected microRNAs in urine supernatant was investigated in the diagnosis of UCB and also the carcinogenesis of UCB. / In brief, a high-throughput microarray was carried out on nine supernatants of urine from UCB and normal subjects, and also four pairs of tissue from UCB and normal mucosa. Ten microRNA candidates were then identified. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate these microRNAs on a set of 18 pairs of tumor tissue and normal mucosa. Eventually, six potential candidate microRNAs were selected and then validated as diagnostic tools on the samples of urine supernatants from 71 patients (50 of known UCB and 21 of normal subjects). The expression levels of these selected microRNAs were further evaluated in the urine supernatants of 20 patients after tumors resections. MiR-125b and miR-99a were the two most significantly down-regulated microRNAs in the urine supernatants of patients with UCB. Moreover, the degree of down-regulation was associated with the pathological grade of the tumor. A combined index of miR-125b and miR-99a in urine supernatant had a sensitivity of 86.7%, specificity of 81.1%, and a positive predicted value of 91.8% for diagnosing UCB. When used to discriminate high-grade from low-grade UCB, miR-125b alone had a sensitivity of 81.4%, specificity of 87.0% and PPV of 93.4%. After transurethral resections, the expression levels of both microRNAs were significantly increased compared to pre-operative levels. / In further studies on the role of microRNAs on the development of UCB, miR-99a was selected for further studies. The precursor of miR-99a was temporally transfected into 3 bladder cancer cell lines: T24, UMUC3 and J82. The proliferation ability was noticed to be suppressed mildly in UMUC3, but not the other. Meanwhile, migration and invasion abilities were inhibited by miR-99a in the all 3 cell lines. Potential targets of miR-99a were predicted from several prediction databases. Subsequently, in Western Blot study, the protein level of very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) was showed to be down-regulated by miR-99a. Thereafter, a plasmid constructed with 3’UTR of VLDLR was transfected into cytoplasm, which confirmed VLDLR mRNA was a direct target of miR-99a. All 3 cells lines showed the same effect on suppression of migration and invasion after knockdown of VLDLR. N-cadherin was identified as a down-stream molecule responsible for the migration and invasion suppression in this pathway. / This study confirmed microRNA expression in urine supernatants was a feasible approach for the assessment of biomarkers, and miR-125b and miR-99a showed promising results in the diagnosis and grading of UCB. Furthermore, we showed that miR-99a suppressed tumor migration and invasion by directly targeting VLDLR. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Zhang, Dingzuan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-131). / Abstract and appendix also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.III / Acknowledgments --- p.V / Abbreviations --- p.VII / List of figures --- p.IX / List of Tables --- p.XI / Content --- p.XII / Chapter Chapter I: --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Bladder cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- The incidence of bladder cancer / Chapter 1.1.2 --- The burden of bladder cancer to the health care system / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Risk factors for bladder cancer / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Pathology grading system in bladder cancer / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Current diagnostic methods and treatment for bladder cancer / Chapter 1.2 --- Biomarkers for bladder cancer --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The advantages of biomarkers in blood and urine for the diagnosis of bladder cancer / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Biomarkers in blood for bladder cancer / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Biomarkers in the urine for bladder cancer / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Current concerning problems with biomarkers / Chapter 1.3 --- MicroRNAs and bladder cancer --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Post-trancriptional function of microRNAs / Chapter 1.3.2 --- The function of microRNAs in tumor / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Prospects of detecting microRNA in cell-free fluid in tumor / Chapter 1.4 --- MicroRNA target identification --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Prediction of microRNA target / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Validation of microRNA target / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Validation of direct interaction between microRNA and target RNA / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Validation of direct binding of microRNA and mRNA in vivo / Chapter 1.5 --- Migration and invasion of bladder cancer --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- The biological process of migration in bladder cancer / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer / Chapter 1.6 --- Objectives of this study --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter II --- MicroRNAs in urine supernatant: potential useful markers for bladder cancer screening / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Ethics Statement / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Patients and samples / Chapter 2.2.3 --- RNA extraction / Chapter 2.2.4 --- MicroRNA microarray / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical methods / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- MicroRNA screening by microRNA microarray / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Independent validation of the ten selected microRNAs by qRT-PCR on tissue / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Verification of the six validated microRNAs in urine supernatants as tumor markers / Chapter 2.3.4 --- MiR-125b and miR-99a in urine supernatants were useful for the diagnosis of bladder cancer / Chapter 2. --- 3.5 MiR-125b and miR-99a were two highly correlated microRNAs / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Expression levels of miR-125b and miR-99a increased after tumor resection / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter III: --- MiR-99a suppresses migration and invasion in bladder cancer by targeting VLDLR / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Human tissue samples and bladder cancer cell lines / Chapter 3.2.2 --- RNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction / Chapter 3.2.3 --- MicroRNA and plasmid transfection / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Western Immunoblotting / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Luciferase assay / Chapter 3.2.7 --- MTT proliferation assay / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Apoptosis assay / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Cell cycle analysis / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Cell migration Assay / Chapter 3.1.11 --- Cell invasion assay: / Chapter 3.2.12 --- Statistical methods: / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- MiR-99a was significantly down-regulated in bladder cancer / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Precursor microRNA was successfully transfected into bladder cancer cell lines / Chapter 3.3.3 --- MiR-99a had little effect on cell proliferation / Chapter 3.3.4 --- MiR-99a had little effect on cell apoptosis and cell cycle / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Over-expression of miR-99a suppressed cell migration in bladder cancer / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Over-expression of miR-99a also suppressed invasion ability in bladder cancer / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Target prediction for miR-99a using 8 target prediction databases / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Protein level of VLDLR was down-regulated by miR-99a in bladder cancer / Chapter 3.3.9 --- VLDLR was a direct target of miR-99a / Chapter 3.3.10 --- VLDLR mRNA was not down-regulated correspondingly by miR-99a / Chapter 3.3.11 --- MiR-99a suppressed down-stream protein of VLDLR in Reelin pathway / Chapter 3.3.12 --- Knockdown of VLDLR also suppressed cell migration and invasion / Chapter 3.3.13 --- N-cadherin was the down-stream protein responsible for the suppression of migration and invasion in miR-99a/VLDLR pathway / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter IV: --- Conclusion and prospective --- p.101 / Appendix --- p.105 / Reference --- p.107
99

Utilização de extensômetro para monitoramento contínuo da tensão do detrusor. Estudo experimental em coelhos / Use of strain gauge for continuous detrusor tension monitoring. Experimental study in rabbits

Ferreira, Wilson Seluque 20 May 2016 (has links)
Introdução: O ato da micção é processo complexo que envolve o encéfalo, a medula espinhal, o sistema nervoso periférico e a integridade neuromuscular do trato urinário baixo. Essa integridade permite a ocorrência da fase de armazenamento de urina na bexiga e, a seguir, da fase de esvaziamento vesical. Havendo comprometimento das conexões entre esses componentes, tanto o enchimento quanto o esvaziamento vesical podem estar comprometidos. Conhecendo as propriedades do extensômetro elétrico de resistência, foi proposta a construção de um aparato com capacidade de avaliar a condição de enchimento vesical e que permita a correlação direta com a pressão intravesical. Objetivo: Desenvolver e demonstrar o funcionamento de um equipamento para monitoramento contínuo da tensão do detrusor, em coelhos, durante a fase de enchimento vesical. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizadas 12 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia. Após anestesia, a bexiga foi exposta por incisão mediana e a uretra foi obstruída com ligadura por fio de algodão. O sensor de tensão foi suturado ao detrusor e confeccionada cistostomia por punção com Abocath 16, utilizada para enchimento e esvaziamento vesical e cistometria, avaliada pelo equipamento Dynamed® - modelo Dynapack MPX-B16. Os coelhos foram submetidos ao procedimento de monitorização inicial (enchimento vesical monitorado pela cistometria) e a medida da tensão da parede vesical - com a bexiga totalmente preservada. Resultados: No decorrer dos experimentos e com a conclusão das análises estatísticas, encontramos uma correlação muito importante entre os dados. Quando se coloca em foco apenas um animal, verifica-se uma grande correlação entre os dados provenientes do volume infundido na bexiga em função da curva gerada para a pressão intravesical que, por sua vez, acompanha fidedignamente a curva da tensão lida na parede vesical do mesmo animal. Quando avaliados conjuntamente, verificasse que os dados são muito próximos uns dos outros, tais como o volume infundido e a tensão final em mV, lida pelo equipamento desenvolvido. Conclusão: O equipamento foi desenvolvido e, com base nos resultados obtidos, mostrou-se adequado para o monitoramento contínuo da tensão vesical do detrusor e sua correlação com o volume vesical, em coelhos, durante a fase de enchimento vesical. / Introduction: Urination is a complex process which involves the brain, the spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system and the neuromuscular integrity of the lower urinary tract. It is the unimpaired condition of all those parts that allows the bladder to go through its functional states - storage phase (filling) and voiding phase (emptying). Problems within these anatomical structures connections can also compromise both phases. This thesis presents the design of a new device which uses an electrical resistance strain gauge to evaluate the bladder\'s filling and its direct correlation with the intravesical pressure. Objective: To develop and demonstrate the operation of a new device that checks continuously rabbit\'s detrusor pressure during bladder filling. Material and Methods: 12 rabbits of New Zealand race were used. After anesthesia, their bladders and urethras were exposed via an abdominal incision made at the midline. Then, the urethra obstruction was performed by ligation using cotton thread. The tension sensor was sutured to the detrusor and a cystostomy puncture was made with an Abocath 16. The puncture was used for filling and voiding cystometry using the urodynamic equipment, Dynamed - Dynapack model MPX-B16. Data collected by this equipment was used as the baseline. Rabbits underwent an initial monitoring procedure, bladder\'s filling cystometry using the Dynamed equipment, and voltage measurement of the bladder wall using the new device - bladder integrity was preserved. Results: During the experimental phase, completion of the statistical analyzes showed us a very significant data correlation. Correlation was stronger when evaluating each animal data individually. The infused volume in the bladder, which was verified by the intravesical pressure curve, and the voltage measured on the bladder wall faithfully followed each other. When evaluating the combined data of all rabbits, correlation was less but still significant. Volume and voltage curves still resembled one another, especially the infused volume with the final voltage reading, in mV. Conclusion - Based on the results of the experimental phase in animals, the developed device is adequate for continuous detrusor pressure monitoring and its correlation with the bladder volume in the storage phase.
100

Utilização de extensômetro para monitoramento contínuo da tensão do detrusor. Estudo experimental em coelhos / Use of strain gauge for continuous detrusor tension monitoring. Experimental study in rabbits

Wilson Seluque Ferreira 20 May 2016 (has links)
Introdução: O ato da micção é processo complexo que envolve o encéfalo, a medula espinhal, o sistema nervoso periférico e a integridade neuromuscular do trato urinário baixo. Essa integridade permite a ocorrência da fase de armazenamento de urina na bexiga e, a seguir, da fase de esvaziamento vesical. Havendo comprometimento das conexões entre esses componentes, tanto o enchimento quanto o esvaziamento vesical podem estar comprometidos. Conhecendo as propriedades do extensômetro elétrico de resistência, foi proposta a construção de um aparato com capacidade de avaliar a condição de enchimento vesical e que permita a correlação direta com a pressão intravesical. Objetivo: Desenvolver e demonstrar o funcionamento de um equipamento para monitoramento contínuo da tensão do detrusor, em coelhos, durante a fase de enchimento vesical. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizadas 12 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia. Após anestesia, a bexiga foi exposta por incisão mediana e a uretra foi obstruída com ligadura por fio de algodão. O sensor de tensão foi suturado ao detrusor e confeccionada cistostomia por punção com Abocath 16, utilizada para enchimento e esvaziamento vesical e cistometria, avaliada pelo equipamento Dynamed® - modelo Dynapack MPX-B16. Os coelhos foram submetidos ao procedimento de monitorização inicial (enchimento vesical monitorado pela cistometria) e a medida da tensão da parede vesical - com a bexiga totalmente preservada. Resultados: No decorrer dos experimentos e com a conclusão das análises estatísticas, encontramos uma correlação muito importante entre os dados. Quando se coloca em foco apenas um animal, verifica-se uma grande correlação entre os dados provenientes do volume infundido na bexiga em função da curva gerada para a pressão intravesical que, por sua vez, acompanha fidedignamente a curva da tensão lida na parede vesical do mesmo animal. Quando avaliados conjuntamente, verificasse que os dados são muito próximos uns dos outros, tais como o volume infundido e a tensão final em mV, lida pelo equipamento desenvolvido. Conclusão: O equipamento foi desenvolvido e, com base nos resultados obtidos, mostrou-se adequado para o monitoramento contínuo da tensão vesical do detrusor e sua correlação com o volume vesical, em coelhos, durante a fase de enchimento vesical. / Introduction: Urination is a complex process which involves the brain, the spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system and the neuromuscular integrity of the lower urinary tract. It is the unimpaired condition of all those parts that allows the bladder to go through its functional states - storage phase (filling) and voiding phase (emptying). Problems within these anatomical structures connections can also compromise both phases. This thesis presents the design of a new device which uses an electrical resistance strain gauge to evaluate the bladder\'s filling and its direct correlation with the intravesical pressure. Objective: To develop and demonstrate the operation of a new device that checks continuously rabbit\'s detrusor pressure during bladder filling. Material and Methods: 12 rabbits of New Zealand race were used. After anesthesia, their bladders and urethras were exposed via an abdominal incision made at the midline. Then, the urethra obstruction was performed by ligation using cotton thread. The tension sensor was sutured to the detrusor and a cystostomy puncture was made with an Abocath 16. The puncture was used for filling and voiding cystometry using the urodynamic equipment, Dynamed - Dynapack model MPX-B16. Data collected by this equipment was used as the baseline. Rabbits underwent an initial monitoring procedure, bladder\'s filling cystometry using the Dynamed equipment, and voltage measurement of the bladder wall using the new device - bladder integrity was preserved. Results: During the experimental phase, completion of the statistical analyzes showed us a very significant data correlation. Correlation was stronger when evaluating each animal data individually. The infused volume in the bladder, which was verified by the intravesical pressure curve, and the voltage measured on the bladder wall faithfully followed each other. When evaluating the combined data of all rabbits, correlation was less but still significant. Volume and voltage curves still resembled one another, especially the infused volume with the final voltage reading, in mV. Conclusion - Based on the results of the experimental phase in animals, the developed device is adequate for continuous detrusor pressure monitoring and its correlation with the bladder volume in the storage phase.

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