Accelerated dry-stack masonry construction is seen all over the world in the last two decades. Intense investigation on structural behaviour of dry-stack masonry is also seen worldwide. This research work, presents an investigation of the structural behaviour of Hydraform drystack masonry developed in South Africa. Unit compressive strength, masonry wall compressive strength and flexural resistance of dry-stack masonry/reinforced concrete beams were investigated. Due to the interlocking mechanism nature of Hydraform dry-stack blocks, three different unit compressive testing methods were investigated. The methods are described as: - Shoulder test; - Centre test; - Cube test. Tests were carried out under different humidity conditions: - Dry; - Wet; - Normal. Influence of different cement contents within the block units and moisture contents were investigated. The study made proposal of Hydraform block unit grads to be used for design. Compressive strength of dry-stack masonry walls was experimentally investigated. Dry-stack masonry wall specimens made by different block grades were subjected to in-plane vertical uniformly distributed load. Test results were used to establish dry-stack masonry characteristic compressive strength for several block grades. Flexural strength of dry-stack masonry/reinforced concrete composite beams was investigated. Series of beams were tested for flexural resistance. Applicability of conventional reinforced masonry flexural analysis philosophy was established.

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No / Closed-form expressions for the small axial deflection and stress distribution of axially loaded rubber blocks of elliptical cross-section, whose ends are bonded to rigid plates, are derived using a superposition approach. The governing equations and conditions are satisfied exactly, based upon the classical theory of elasticity. Easily calculable expressions are derived for the corresponding apparent Young¿s modulus and the modified apparent Young¿s modulus in forms analogous to those previously given for blocks of circular cross-section.

Time-structure, isochron, and reflection amplitude maps were constructed from 270 km of reprocessed seismic reflection data recorded at the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina. These maps indicate the presence of three major basement blocks bounded by northeast trending faults that penetrate upward from basement into the Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments. Most of these faults are interpreted to be Paleozoic and Mesozoic structures reactivated under compression. The northernmost fault block is bounded on the southeast by the Tinker Creek fault (TCF), a high-angle southeast dipping reverse fault, that appears to be a reactivated splay from a major decollement (Augusta fault?) at 5 km depth. The TCF can be traced with certainty for a distance of 15 km across SRS where it offsets the top of basement and shallower reflections. The throw of the fault, as does its upward penetration into the sedimentary section, increases to the northeast where the shallowest reflections (≈ 20 m) appear to be disturbed. The northwest boundary of this block is unknown. The central fault block, 9 km wide in a NW-SE direction, is bounded on the northwest by the Tinker Creek fault and on the southeast by the Pen Branch fault, the northwest border fault of the concealed Dunbarton Triassic basin, now reactivated as a southeast dipping high-angle reverse fault within the Coastal Plain sediments. The Pen Branch fault (PBF) is the main throughgoing fault in a 3 km wide, 25 km long, fault zone consisting of subparallel fault segments that are commonly down-to-the-northwest north of PBF and down-to-the-southeast south of PBF. The offset of time horizons by the PBF increases to the northeast and the shallowest resolvable horizons appear in time to be deformed across its length. The Steel Creek fault, an antithetic fault to PBF, controls the drainage of Pen Branch, a tributary stream to the Savannah River. The third fault block is bounded by the Pen Branch fault on the northwest. The southeast boundary of this southernmost block is unknown, but could be defined by the Martin fault, a down-to-the-northwest fault located south of SRS that appears to be a major structure. Interpretation of isochron maps and analysis of trend surfaces fitted to reflection time horizons suggest that faulting was ongoing through the Late Cretaceous and was accompanied by tilting and horizontal rotation of the fault blocks. Fault block movements in the Tertiary are uncertain as shallow time horizons cannot be correlated areally with confidence; however, isochrons and reflection horizons correlated across faults reveal deformation, but not offset, of the shallowest resolvable events. The comparison between time-structure and topography reveals areas of positive correlation that suggest either near surface velocity variations or possible Cenozoic uplift. The reprocessed seismic data elucidate the geometry of the Dunbarton basin and the underlying crustal structure. The Dunbarton basin is essentially a half-graben bounded on the northwest by the near vertical Pen Branch fault. The maximum thickness of the basin fill, as determined by seismic modelling, is between 4 and 5 km. Minor intrabasinal faults are imaged within the basin as well as bright discontinuous reflections that probably represent sills. The crystalline crust below SRS is highly reflective and is distinguished by zones of southeast dipping reflections that are correlatable between seismic lines. Two major crustal reflections, tentatively identified as the Augusta fault and a mid crustal decollement, appear to correspond to events imaged in seismic lines collected by COCORP 60 km to the southwest where the latter event was interpreted to be the Appalachian Master decollement. The continuity of deep reflection events along geologic strike from Georgia to South Carolina supports models for evolution of the Appalachian orogen that incorporate large scale, presumably Paleozoic age, thrusts beneath the Piedmont and under the Atlantic Coastal Plain. / Ph. D.

Due to the many variables involved, and due to the different treatment to which the blocks were subjected in Series I as compared to Series II, little correlation appears possible between the results of the two series of tests. It may be observed that the 0.2 inch per 100 feet difference in shrinkage observed between high pressure Modular and high pressure Standard blocks by the authors in preliminary tests is borne out from a comparison of the Series I Group (1) high pressure Modular blocks which exhibited an overall shrinkage of 0.60 inch per 100 feet to the shrinkage of the Series II Group (4) high pressure Standard blocks which exhibited an overall shrinkage of 0.41 inch per 100 feet. This difference of 0.19 in./100 ft. compares favorably with the aforementioned 0.2 in./100 ft. The authors also wish to call attention to the fact that the low pressure standard units made of silica, cement and cinders in Series n Group (4) shrank only 0.51 inches per 100 feet with a curing period of only three days whereas the Seri88 I Group (2) low pressure units made of limestone and cement shrank 0.86 inch per 100 feet with a curing period of 28 days. The foregoing observation suggests that the use of silica in place of cement, within limits, even for low pressure curing, may eliminate some volume change. The authors, however, feel that, since practically all of the variables possible would be introduced in comparing these units, it would be out of the question to assume such a possibility without an exhaustive study of such an idea in which all possible variables except mix were eliminated. Such a procedure would be absolutely essential in order to reach any definite conclusions. The method used for obtaining change in length measurements was suggested by Mr. A.L. Bowling, Chief Engineer, Pre-Shrunk Masonry Corporation of Roanoke, Virginia and has been tested and proven a satisfactory method. The procedure was developed by the authors and was herein proven to be satisfactory and accurate. The idea tor the Series II tests was originated by Professor D.H. Pletta, Head, Department of Applied Mechanics, V. P. I., Blacksburg, Virginia. It is the fervent hope of the authors that the foregoing group of experiments and ideas will form a skeleton or background for an exhaustive subsequent study of the phenomena exposed in these investigations. / M.S.

Dans un contexte où il est préférable de limiter les quantités de principes actifs, aussi bien dans les médicaments que dans les produits phytosanitaires, il est important de développer des produits dont l’activité biologique est augmentée. Pour ce faire, il est possible d’utiliser des hétérocycles aromatiques contenant des groupements fluorés. Ainsi, nous nous sommes intéressés au développement de voies d’accès à des building blocks hétéroaromatiques portant divers groupements fluorés afin de fournir de nouvelles possibilités pour la préparation de composés d’intérêt thérapeutique et phytosanitaire. Trois projets ont été réalisés, et ont résulté en la préparation efficace de pyridines comportant des groupements trifluorométhoxy, chlorodifluorométhoxy et dichlorofluorométhoxy. Une voie de synthèse régiosélective de 3,5-bis(fluoroalkyl) pyrazoles a également été mise au point. Tous ces méthodes de synthèse ont été développées de manière à obtenir les produits en peu d’étapes à partir de produits commerciaux et sont transposables à grande échelle. / The current trend is to lower the amounts of active ingredients used, in pharmaceutical chemistry and in agrochemistry. Therefore, it is important to produce molecules which are more biologically active. It is known that heterocycles are bioactive, and that fluorine can enhance this activity. With this aim in mind, we have taken an interest in the development of heteroaromatic building blocks bearing diversely fluorinated substituents in order to provide new options for the preparation of bioactive compounds. Three projects have resulted in the opening of new synthetic routes towards pyridines bearing trifluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy and dichlorofluoromethoxy substituents. A regioselective method for the preparation of 3,5-bis(fluoroalkyl) pyrazoles has also been developed. All these routes have been studied with the aim of obtaining the building blocks in a few steps from commercially available products and are transposable to an industrial scale.

In 2019, the cement industry used 280 million tons of oil equivalent, contributing to 7% of totalindustrial energy consumption. This resulted in 2.4 billion tons of CO2 emissions, constituting26% of the industrial sector’s CO2 output and 7% of global energy-related emissions. On theother hand, It is affordable, safe, and readily available, thanks to its construction error resistance. C3C is a company that takes advantage of waste concrete that has been produced and useit to mold concrete blocks that has different functions. This is a big environmental benefit. Themain function of these blocks has been to function as temporary or permanent partitions walls orsafety walls for accidental loads. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and performance of a temporary office structure that is built majorly out of these C3C lego blocks froma comfort, stability and sustainability point of view. This data aids construction professionalsseeking cost-effective alternatives to traditional methods. Retrofitting and cascading offer economic and environmental benefits. Our goal is to discover innovative, sustainable constructionapproaches for future generations. The results show the importance of insulation positioning forthe comfort point of view. To ensure stability and analyse if the separation of the blocks occur,four RFEM models are made with focus on the tensile stresses and uplifting deflection of thewalls. In conclusion, this study provides ideas on how to design a temporary structure usingC3C lego blocks.Keywords: Concrete blocks, C3C blocks, FE models, life cycle analysis, mechanical connections, CO2 emissions.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) is a model program; executing Department of Defense (DoD) initiatives, such as Acquisition Reform, Industry Partnering, and the use of Integrated Product Teams (IPT). HSTSS is using partnering because the expertise is spread across the industry, and integration is required to fabricate an instrumentation system that would meet tri-service test requirements. This paper will describe the programmatic and technical approaches being used to mitigate risk. In this paper key management strategies will be addressed. I will discuss the affect that the IPT process has had on HSTSS to make the program so successful. This paper will essentially discuss the acquisition strategy as it has evolved to mitigate obsolescence. The strategy has been influenced by acquisition streamlining , commercial technology and the limited production requirements. In this paper I will address how partnering and the use of commercial technology will reduce the program costs as well as the unit cost. The importance of working together within the services and sharing funds and technology to accomplish more with less will be addressed in this paper. This paper will address how we intend to deliver a low cost, microminiature, high g (100,000 g), modular instrumentation system. This instrumentation is to be used for indirect fire and direct fire projectiles and small missiles. Data is to be collected from launch to impact. The modules being developed will include but not be limited to batteries, transmitter, data acquisition chipset and a variety of sensors (pressure, spin rate, GPS, etc.).

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) is a model program; executing Department of Defense (DoD) initiatives, such as Acquisition Reform, Industry Partnering, and the use of Integrated Product Teams (IPT). The HSTSS is partnering because the unique expertise needed for the high g instrumentation system is spread across industry and the Government. The approaches used to reduce risk in the development of instrumentation systems will be described. Also technical strategies will be addressed. In this paper a discussion about the affect that the IPT process has had on HSTSS to make the program successful. This paper will describe the strategy used to leverage existing technologies, processes, and to market the components that has been developed. The information presented here will address how partnering and the use of commercial technology will reduce the program costs as well as the unit cost. The importance of working together within the Services and sharing funds and technology to accomplish more with less will be addressed. This paper will address how we are delivering a low cost, miniature, high-g (100,000 g’s), and modular instrumentation system. This instrumentation is to be used for indirect fire and direct fire projectiles and small missiles. The building blocks for this instrumentation system include batteries, transmitter, pulse code modulation (PCM) encoders, and a variety of sensors (pressure, spin rate, etc.). Instrumentation requirement for HSTSS is to collect data from launch to impact.

Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai: • pritaikyti GIS metodus funkcijų pasiskirstymo mieste tyrimui (Naujamiesčio, Šnipiškių, Žvėryno ir Žirmūnų seniūnijų pavyzdžiu). • Ištirti ir optimizuoti duomenų bazės funkcijų pasiskirstymo tyrimui struktūrą. • Atlikti funkcijų intensyvumo indekso tirtose seniūnijose analizę GIS metodais. • Optimizuoti veiklos pasiskirstymo Naujamiesčio seniūnijoje kartografinio vaizdavimo būdus. • Atlikti kvartalų užstatymo analizę GIS metodais. • Optimizuoti funkcijų pasiskirstymo kvartaluose ir seniūnijose pagal patalpų skaičių ir plotą. • Atlikti kvartalų analizę pagal gyvenamųjų ir ekonominių patalpų ploto intensyvumą. Darbe panaudoti Vilniaus miesto Naujamiesčio, Šnipiškių, Žvėryno ir Žirmūnų seniūnijų pastatų duomenys. Funkcinio intensyvumo indekso žemėlapyje, matosi, kad analizuojamose seniūnijose indeksas yra pasiskirstęs nevienodai, išsiskyrė zonos, kur funkcinis intensyvumas yra labai didelis. Žemėlapio vaizduojančio seniūnijos veiklos pasiskirstymą pagrindinius pranašumas yra tas, kad viename žemėlapyje vienu metu yra vaizduojama visų mus dominančių pastatų visų veiklų informacija. Naujamiestis dėl itin didėlio patalpų skaičiaus turi daugiausiai kvartalų su didelių ir labai didelių užstatymo intensyvumu. / The main tasks of the project: - Adjust the distribution functions of GIS techniques in the investigation (neighborhoods for example like these Naujamiesčio, Šnipiškių, Žvėryno and Žirmūnų). - Investigate and optimize pre-existing Vilnius city Naujamiesčio, Šnipiškių, Žvėryno ir Žirmūnų township building features a database structure. - Perform a functional analysis of the intensity index (of Naujamiesčio, Šnipiškių, Žvėryno ir Žirmūnų neighborhoods). - Optimize the distribution of Naujamiesčio cartographic visualization techniques. - To carry out an analysis kvartal built in using GIS techniques. - Optimize the distribution of functions according to kvartals and neighborhoods of the number of premises and the area. - Perform analysis in accordance with the residential neighborhoods and the intensity of the economic floor space. In the project were used Vilnius city Naujamiesčio, Šnipiškių, Žvėryno and Žirmūnų township building data. Functional index of the intensity map shows that the analysis is the index of neighborhoods spread unevenly, split zone, where the functional is very high intensity. Map depicting the distribution of neighborhood activity is the main advantage is that one card at a time is portrayed in our interest in building performance information. Naujamiestis for a very large room has the largest number of districts with large and very large plots of intensity.