Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / J.S. Drouillard / Three studies were conducted to investigate alternative ingredients and processing methods for manufacturing low-moisture blocks. Study 1 was designed to determine if ruminal lactate could be transiently increased by feeding fructose-based blocks to heifers fed prairie hay, thus providing substrate for establishment of lactate utilizing microbes. Low-moisture blocks comprised of 96% fructose and 4% vegetable oil (DM basis) were manufactured and dosed via ruminal fistulas. Administration of fructose blocks resulted in transient increases in ruminal lactate (P < 0.05), accompanied by transient decreases in pH (P < 0.05). Ruminal fluid incubated with semi-defined lactate medium became more turbid (P < 0.05) as a result of prior exposure to fructose blocks suggesting greater capacity for lactate metabolism. In study 2 a portion of the molasses was replaced by corn steep liquor (CSL) or condensed corn distiller’s solubles (CCDS). Heifers were fed a forage-based diet and supplemented with 1 of 4 supplement blocks. Supplements were a 30% CP molasses block manufactured at ambient pressure and high temperatures (Mol-30). The remaining treatments were manufactured at reduced pressure and temperature and were a 30% CP block with 36% CSL (CSL-30); a 40% CP block with 40% CSL (CSL-40); or a 40% CP block with 25% CCDS (CCDS-40). Supplementing with Mol-30 and CSL-40 resulted in greater DMI (%BW) than with CCDS-40 (P < 0.05). Supplementing with CSL-30 improved efficiency and ADG compared to Mol-30 (P < 0.01). Study 3 evaluated the affect of cooking temperature on blocks containing CSL fed to heifers receiving a forage-based diet. Heifers were offered no supplement (Control) or a 15% CSL block manufactured at ambient pressure and high temperature (HT-15). The remaining treatments were manufactured at reduced pressure and temperature and were a 15% CSL block (LT-15); or 40% CSL block (LT-40). Control heifers had the lowest DMI and LT-40 had the greatest (P < 0.05). Feeding heifers LT-15 or LT-40 improved ADG compared to heifers fed HT-15 or no supplement (P < 0.05). Heifers fed LT-40 tended to be more efficient than those fed HT-15 and Control (P = 0.07).

No description available.

Forskning lyfter vikten av tidiga insatser samt uppföljning och utvärdering för att nå en inkluderande verksamhet, samtidigt framhålls bristen på utvärderingsverktyg för att säkerställa en inkluderande verksamhet. Efter flera års erfarenheter som förskollärare har vi sett att det saknas ett tydligt arbetsmaterial som inbjuder till en samsyn mellan professioner kring hur svårigheterna kring inkludering ser ut på organisations-, grupp- och individnivå. Det evidensbaserade ramverket Building Blocks syftar till att planera och utforma undervisning samt lärmiljö för att inkludera barn i behov av stöd i förskolans verksamhet. Ramverket utgår ifrån fyra block som stegvis bygger på varandra och vi har valt att fokusera på ramverkets matriser som omfattar organisation, grupp och individ. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om, och i så fall hur, en inkluderande förskoleverksamhet med stöd av ramverket Building Blocks matriser i den ordinarie verksamheten kan förändra förutsättningar och villkor för barn som både tillfälligt samt varaktigt är i behov av stöd. Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ metod genom en fallstudie där den bearbetade datainsamlingen har inhämtas genom observationer, intervjuer och samtal samt genom implementeringen av Building Blocks matriser. Resultatet visar att användandet av Building Blocks matriser synliggjorde verksamhetens inkluderingsarbete. Med hjälp av matriserna kunde förbättringsområden urskiljas som sedan ledde till en utveckling på både gruppnivå samt individnivå.

<p>Automationscenter & Bråvalla Elteknik AB is a company that offers the market completed total solutions where the customer can operate and monitor their production from the terminal. In these total solutions they lack standard circuit which are developed by the company and which could manoeuvre/control/monitor controlled process objects. This report defines the work of developing the most common standard circuits.The report is initiated by a short theoretical part about PLC and the PLC system, with a connected terminal, which has been used. Thereafter, the turnout of the demands of specification is reported, after discussing with the supervisor in the course of the project. The report concludes with a disclosure of how the programming, the documentation and the testing have proceeded and a final discussion concerning the project and proposals on continuation.The result is a CD with the documentation of standard circuits and how they are implemented in a new project. One library file with the program code to all standard circuit. Program code and documentation for both demonstration and testing are also on the CD. This project represents a start of POS (Process Objektsstyrnings Standard) as the collection is called at Automationscenter.</p> / <p>Automationscenter & Bråvalla Elteknik AB är ett företag som erbjuder marknaden färdiga totallösningar där kunden kan manövrera och övervaka sin produktion från operatörspaneler. I denna totallösning saknar företaget egna framtagna ”typkretsar” som manövrerar/kontrollerar/övervakar styrda processobjekt. En typkrets skall ha en del som implementeras i PLC och en del som implementeras i operatörspanelen.Denna rapport redogör för hur några av de vanligaste ”typkretsarna” tas fram.Rapporten inleds med en kort teoridel om PLC och det PLC‐system med tillhörande operatörspanel som använts. Därefter redogörs hur typkretsarnas kravspecifikation blev efter att ha diskuterat med handledaren under arbetets gång. Rapporten avslutas med en redovisning för hur programmeringen, dokumentationen och testningen gått till och en avslutande diskussion om arbetet och förslag på fortsättning.Resultatet blev en CD‐skiva med dokumentation om typkretsarna och hur de implementeras i ett nytt projekt: en biblioteksfil med programkoden till alla typkretsar. Programkod och dokumentation för både visning och testning finns också med på skivan. Ex‐jobbet utgör en början på POS Process Objektsstyrnings Standard som samlingen heter på Automationscenter & Bråvalla Elteknik AB.</p>

Elemental sulphur (S⁰) is removed from sour gas deposits (high H₂S) during refinement. The resulting S⁰ is often stored onsite when the costs of shipping S⁰ to market exceeds the costs of storing it in large above ground blocks. With the aid of acidiphilic bacteria, atmospheric air and water oxidize S⁰ to sulphate (SO₄^2-). Long term storage is under consideration; however, oxidation rates and the role of each oxygen source (O_2(g) and H₂O) is not clear. S⁰ oxidation experiments were conducted over a range of temperatures (6-32¡ãC) to investigate reaction rates and isotopic fractionation of O and S isotopes during oxidation. The experiments also investigated the effect of integrating S⁰ oxidizing microorganisms and available nutrients on both the reaction rates and isotope fractionation. Results indicated > 95% of total SO₄^2- generated can be attributed to autotrophic microbial activity. Experiments conducted in a nutrient rich mineral solution showed rates increase with temperature from 0.16 (6¡ãC) to 0.98 (32¡ãC) ¦Ìg S⁰ cm^-2 d^-1 (Q₁₀ ¡Ö 1.7 - 1.9). Experiments conducted in a nutrient poor solution (deionized water) showed oxidation rates did not increase with temperature (0.06 to 0.08 ¦Ìg S⁰ cm^-2 d^-1) between 12 and 32¡ãC. Oxygen isotope analysis of the generated SO₄^2- indicated essentially all oxygen incorporated into the SO₄^2- originated from H₂O. In addition, effluent samples obtained from S⁰ block effluent at SCL indicated ¦Ä¹⁸O_(SO4) generally reflected the ¦Ä¹⁸O_(H2O) in the system at the time of oxidation. While covering the S⁰ blocks with an impermeable cover would undoubtedly minimize total SO₄^2- accumulation in block effluent, the results of this study suggest ¦Ä¹⁸O_(SO4) can also be used to track water movement through the block.

A numerical analysis is performed for the three-dimensional, turbulent flow of air in a thyristor valve hall located at the Dorsey Converter Station, owned and operated by Manitoba Hydro. The goal of this analysis was to determine the configurations that result in increased air-side cooling effectiveness in the valve hall. The governing equations are solved using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code CFX-5. This computer code uses a finite volume method of solution and is based on a finite element approach for representing the geometry. The effects of inlet and outlet opening geometry, inlet air mass flow rate, and inlet air angle on the thermal performance for the air-side cooling of the thyristor valve hall geometry are examined. / May 2006

Elemental sulphur (S⁰) is removed from sour gas deposits (high H₂S) during refinement. The resulting S⁰ is often stored onsite when the costs of shipping S⁰ to market exceeds the costs of storing it in large above ground blocks. With the aid of acidiphilic bacteria, atmospheric air and water oxidize S⁰ to sulphate (SO₄^2-). Long term storage is under consideration; however, oxidation rates and the role of each oxygen source (O_2(g) and H₂O) is not clear. S⁰ oxidation experiments were conducted over a range of temperatures (6-32¡ãC) to investigate reaction rates and isotopic fractionation of O and S isotopes during oxidation. The experiments also investigated the effect of integrating S⁰ oxidizing microorganisms and available nutrients on both the reaction rates and isotope fractionation. Results indicated > 95% of total SO₄^2- generated can be attributed to autotrophic microbial activity. Experiments conducted in a nutrient rich mineral solution showed rates increase with temperature from 0.16 (6¡ãC) to 0.98 (32¡ãC) ¦Ìg S⁰ cm^-2 d^-1 (Q₁₀ ¡Ö 1.7 - 1.9). Experiments conducted in a nutrient poor solution (deionized water) showed oxidation rates did not increase with temperature (0.06 to 0.08 ¦Ìg S⁰ cm^-2 d^-1) between 12 and 32¡ãC. Oxygen isotope analysis of the generated SO₄^2- indicated essentially all oxygen incorporated into the SO₄^2- originated from H₂O. In addition, effluent samples obtained from S⁰ block effluent at SCL indicated ¦Ä¹⁸O_(SO4) generally reflected the ¦Ä¹⁸O_(H2O) in the system at the time of oxidation. While covering the S⁰ blocks with an impermeable cover would undoubtedly minimize total SO₄^2- accumulation in block effluent, the results of this study suggest ¦Ä¹⁸O_(SO4) can also be used to track water movement through the block.

We present a methodology for exploiting shared-memory parallelism within matrix computations by expressing linear algebra algorithms as directed acyclic graphs. Our solution involves a separation of concerns that completely hides the exploitation of parallelism from the code that implements the linear algebra algorithms. This approach to the problem is fundamentally different since we also address the issue of programmability instead of strictly focusing on parallelization. Using the separation of concerns, we present a framework for analyzing and developing scheduling algorithms and heuristics for this problem domain. As such, we develop a theory and practice of scheduling concepts for matrix computations in this dissertation. / text

A numerical analysis is performed for the three-dimensional, turbulent flow of air in a thyristor valve hall located at the Dorsey Converter Station, owned and operated by Manitoba Hydro. The goal of this analysis was to determine the configurations that result in increased air-side cooling effectiveness in the valve hall. The governing equations are solved using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code CFX-5. This computer code uses a finite volume method of solution and is based on a finite element approach for representing the geometry. The effects of inlet and outlet opening geometry, inlet air mass flow rate, and inlet air angle on the thermal performance for the air-side cooling of the thyristor valve hall geometry are examined.

This thesis presents a probability model to predict the maximum rotation of rocking bodies exposed to seismic excitations given specific earthquake intensity measures. After obtaining the nonlinear equations of motion and clarification of the boundaries applied to a rocking body to avoid sliding, a complete discussion is provided on the estimation of approximate period and equivalent damping ratio for the rocking motion. Thereafter, instead of using an iterative solution, which was previously proven defective, a new approximate technique is developed by finding the best representative ground motion intensities. Suitable transformation and normalization are applied to these intensities, and the Bayesian Updating approach is employed to construct a probability model. The proposed probability model is capable of accurately predicting the maximum rotation of a symmetric rocking block given displacement design spectra, peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and arias intensity of an earthquake. This probabilistic model along with the approximate capacity of rocking blocks are used to estimate the fragility curves for rocking blocks with specific geometrical parameters. At the end, a comprehensive and practical form of fragility curves and numerical examples are provided for design purposes.