Pectin and oats as two sources of dietary fiber have been suggested as having a hypolipidemic effect. Ten subjects included either twenty grams of pectin or eighty grams of rolled oats daily in their self-selected diet. A baseline for each subject was calculated from blood samples taken prior to supplementation. Fasting blood samples were also taken ten, twenty-one, and thirty-one days after beginning supplementation. All blood samples were analyzed for these values; serum cholesterol, serum trigyceride, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and total serum protein. No significant changes were seen in the cholesterol, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and total protein values. A significant decrease was seen in nine triglyceride values. Albumin levels showed a significant increase in all subjects. No significant differences due to the two treatments were seen.

No description available.

Few studies have examined the acute effects of resistive-type exercise on lipid-lipoprotein profiles. This study examined the acute effects of a single session of circuit weight training (CWT) on plasma lipid-lipoprotein profiles: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the ratio of TC to HDL-C. The subjects in the study were 17 healthy, nonsmoking male university students, ages of 18-25 years, enrolled in weight lifting classes. Subjects were required to fast overnight (at least 12 hours) before CWT. Subjects repeated a four-station weight training circuit three times, with a resistance determined by their individual 3 repetition maximum (3-RM). The stations were bench press, parallel squat, leg extension, and seated row. Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein at pre-CWT, completion of the 1st and 3rd circuits, and 15 min post-CWT. All concentrations of plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol were corrected for plasma volume changes. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine if significant differences existed among mean values for the dependent variables (i.e., levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC/HDL-C ratio at specified time points). Results of the study indicated that plasma TC and HDL-C levels were changed significantly during and following CWT. However, the change was not in the anticipated direction: Plasma TC and HDL-C levels were lower at completion of the 1st circuit of CWT (p<0.05). The ratios of TC to HDL-C were changed significantly, reflecting a decrease in HDL-C during CWT and a slight increase in HDL-C at 15 min post-CWT. Plasma TG and LDL-C levels were not changed significantly during CWT or 15 min post-CWT. It was concluded that apparent changes in lipoprotein patterns occur during short-term moderate intensity CWT and return to pre-CWT levels in a relatively short time. / Graduation date: 1991

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

Not available / text

ABSTRACT Background: Developmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), such as Bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to affect the health during early stages in life. Aim: To assess whether developmental low-dose exposure to BPA alters adipocyte distribution and blood lipid levels in Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Method: Pregnant F344 rats were exposed to BPA via their drinking water from gestational day 3.5 throughout lactation. Doses given were one below the current European Food Safety Authority´s preliminary tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 µg BPA/kg bw/day, 0.5 [lower dose, Ld] and one equal to the previous TDI; 50 [higher dose, Hd] µg BPA/kg bw/day. Half the offspring was sacrificed at 5, and half at 52 weeks of age. Body weight was registered, and plasma lipid levels were analyzed. Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was weighed, Oil red O-stained and analyzed histologically. Results: Five-week-old Ld males and females Hd exhibited significantly higher triglyceride levels (31%, p&lt;0.01; 41%,p&lt;0.05, respectively) compared to control. Total cholesterol was borderline significantly increased (9%, p=0.0554) in 5-week-old Ld males, compared with control. Adipocyte cell density in the 5-week-old offspring was significantly increased; Ld female rats had increased cell density compared to control and Hd (22% and 23%,p&lt;0.05, respectively), whereas the cell density of Hd males increased compared to Ld (29%, p&lt;0.05). In the 52-week-old offspring blood lipid levels and iWAT cell density were not significantly affected. Conclusions: Results of the present study supports that developmental low-dose BPA exposure contributes to elevated triglyceride levels in 5-week-old animals.

The objective of this research was to examine the effects of sitosterol and sitostanol supplementation on plasma cholesterol levels and cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic subjects consuming a fixed foods diet in a four-phase crossover design. It was hypothesized that addition of either phytosterols, phytostenols, or a 50:50 mixture of sterols and stanols to butter would reduce circulating cholesterol levels, despite butter's hypercholesterolemic effect, through actions involving cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and turnover rates. The data obtained indicate that in their free, unesterified form, plant sterols and stanols lower plasma LDL cholesterol equivalently in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Results of this study provide new data that phytosterols and stanols function by suppressing cholesterol absorption while increasing cholesterol synthesis, however, the de-suppression in synthesis cannot fully compensate for the decrease in absorption making the treatment effective, thus may assist in the development of a food which offers health-promoting advantages related to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: The relationship between pancreatitis and dyslipidaemia is unclear and has never been studied in a South African context. Patients and methods: A prospective evaluation of all admissions with acute pancreatitis to a regional hospital general surgical service was performed to ascertain its relationship to dyslipidaemia. Aetiology was determined by history and ultrasound assessment. Disease severity was assessed using a modified Imrie score and an organ failure score. Body mass index was calculated. A lipid profile was obtained. Abnormal profiles were repeated. Secondary causes of dyslipidaemia were noted. A comparison of the demographic profile, aetiology, disease severity scores, complications and deaths were made in relationship to the lipid profiles. Results: From June 2001 to May 2005, there were 230 admissions, of whom 31% were women and 69% men. The median age was 38 years(range 13- 73). The pancreatitis was associated with alcohol in 146(63%), gallstones in 42(19%) and idiopathic in 27(12%). The amylase was significantly higher with a gallstone aetiology (p / Thesis (MMedSc)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

Whey protein isolates (WPI) have been indicated to have potent cholesterol lowering and antioxidative properties. Such effects, however, are not consistently observed, which could be the result of major differences in the processing, isolation and composition of WPI. Moreover, the mechanisms of action or the bioactive component(s) in WPI are poorly understood although the relatively high cysteine content in WPI has been suggested to play an important role. Although high dietary cysteine has been shown to lower plasma homocysteine concentrations, the impact of WPI in this regard has not been investigated. The overall objective of this thesis was to examine the antioxidative and plasma cholesterol and homocysteine lowering properties of two WPI that were produced via different industrial processing and isolation techniques with the milk protein, casein, used as the control protein. We also examined for the mechanism(s) of action of WPI in terms of possible antioxidative, and plasma cholesterol and homocysteine lowering effects. In this regard, the intake of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a major cysteine-rich whey protein was also studied since this protein has been implicated as a key bioactive component for the antioxidant effects of WPI. Four studies were performed. The first involved the characterization of a variety of commercially prepared WPI by high performance capillary electrophoresis for identification of two WPI products that showed major differences in protein composition for subsequent feeding trials. Most of the WPI had similar characteristic electrophoretic profiles, however, significant differences in protein and macronutrient (Ca, Mg, P) composition were noted in two commercial WPI that were chosen as the test proteins in subsequent feeding trials. In the first two feeding studies, hamsters were fed different commercial WPI or milk protein (BSA or casein) containing diets that were either matched or unmatched in terms of macro