Bibliography: leaves 192-212. / xv, 212 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The present study investigates the relationships between fetal growth, as manifest in size and shape at birth, and later blood pressure and blood lipids, in an Australian cohort. Data on these outcomes for cohort members at age 8 years are available from a previous study. Birth details (body weight, placental weight, head circumference, chest circumference and length) are abstracted from hospital records. In addition, a follow up of cohort members is undertaken to collect new data pertaining to the two cardiovascular risk factors at 20 years of age. Socio-economic circumstances are characterised at birth, age 8 and age 20. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 1997?

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Background & aims: Several studies have examined the effect of vegetarian diets (VD) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies to assess the association between VD and MetS or its components (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], fasting glucose triglycerides, waist circumference [WC], HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)) in adults. Methods: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. RCTs, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies evaluating the effects of VD on MetS or its components in adults, with omnivore diet as control group, were included. Random effects meta-analyses stratified by study design were employed to calculate pooled estimates. Results: A total of 71 studies (n = 103 008) met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 63 cross-sectional). VD were not associated with MetS in comparison to omnivorous diet (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.50–1.85, p = 0.9) according to meta-analysis of five cross-sectional studies. Likewise, meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies indicated that consumption of VD were not associated with MetS components. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrated that VD were significantly associated with lower levels of SBP (mean difference [MD] −4.18 mmHg, 95%CI −5.57 to −2.80, p < 0.00001), DBP (MD −3.03 mmHg, 95% CI −4.93 to −1.13, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (MD −0.26 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.35to −0.17, p < 0.00001), WC (MD −1.63 cm, 95% CI −3.13 to −0.13, p = 0.03), and HDL-C (MD −0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.03, p < 0.0001) in comparison to omnivorous diet. Heterogeneity of effects among cross-sectional studies was high. About, one-half of the included studies had high risk of bias. Conclusions: VD in comparison with omnivorous diet is not associated with a lower risk of MetS based on results of meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. The association between VD and lower levels of SBP, DBP, HDL-C, and fasting glucose is uncertain due to high heterogeneity across the cross-sectional studies. Larger and controlled studies are needed to evaluate the association between VD and MetS and its components. / Revisión por pares

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o per fil lipídico e nutr icional de homens adultos que ingeriam habitualmente o suco de laranja e verificar se o consumo de suco estava associado com redução dos lipídeos sangüíneos. A amostra populacional foi constituída de 110 indivíduos, com idade entre 19 e 66 anos, trabalhadores de uma empresa de suco de laranja na cidade de Matão, SP. Foram realizadas avaliações ant ropométrica, bioquímica e do consumo al imentar dos indivíduos e análise da composição nutricional da dieta servida no restaurante da empresa. A avaliação antropométrica revelou que 3% dos indivíduos estavam com baixo peso, 38% eram eutróficos, 46% estavam com sobrepeso e 12% tinham algum grau de obesidade. No grupo que consumia mais de 400 mL de suco foi observado menor percentual de gordura corporal em relação ao grupo com consumo entre 200 e 400 mL. O grupo dos indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentou todas as variáveis antropométr icas superiores ao grupo dos indivíduos eutróficos. A análise bioquímica dos lipídeos sangüíneos mostrou que existiam indivíduos normolipidêmicos, hipercolesterolêmicos e hipertrigliceridêmicos. O grupo dos indivíduos com sobrepeso/obesos apresentou todos os valores dos lipídeos sangüíneos aumentados, com exceção do HDL, em relação ao grupo eutrófico. Entre os indivíduos com perfil lipídico normal, foi observado que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this study was evaluated the lipidic and the nutr itional profile of men that consume orange juice habitually and it veri fies if the orange juice consumption was associated with blood lipids decrease. The sample was constituted of 110 subjects, 19 to 66 years old, and workers in an orange juice indust ry in Matao, SP. It was performed anthropometr ic, biochemistry and food consumption evaluations of individuals and nutritional composition analyze of indust ry's restaurant served diet. The anthropometric evaluat ion showed 3% subjects with underweight, 38% normal weight, 46% overweight and 12% obese. In more than 400 mL orange juice consumption group was remarked fat percentual less than 200 to 400 mL consumption group. The overweight and obese group presented all anthropometric var iables higher than the eutrofic group. The biochemical analyze have showed normolipidemics, hypercholesterolemics and hypertrygliceridemics individuals. The overweight/obese group presented all blood lipids higher eut rofic group, with exception HDL. Among the normal lipidic profile subjects was noticed, for those with more or equal 400 mL/day orange juice consumpt ion, the total cholesterol and LDL levels were decreased significantly, 12% and 15% respectively, in comparison to whoever consumpt ion less than 200 mL orange per day... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Thais Borges César / Coorientador: João Bosco Faria / Banca: Renata Maria Galvão de Campos Cintra / Banca: Júlio Sérgio Marchini / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_acdb_me_arafcf.pdf: 596560 bytes, checksum: 92458394f35940d4022d0e6df4bf18f3 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o per fil lipídico e nutr icional de homens adultos que ingeriam habitualmente o suco de laranja e verificar se o consumo de suco estava associado com redução dos lipídeos sangüíneos. A amostra populacional foi constituída de 110 indivíduos, com idade entre 19 e 66 anos, trabalhadores de uma empresa de suco de laranja na cidade de Matão, SP. Foram realizadas avaliações ant ropométrica, bioquímica e do consumo al imentar dos indivíduos e análise da composição nutricional da dieta servida no restaurante da empresa. A avaliação antropométrica revelou que 3% dos indivíduos estavam com baixo peso, 38% eram eutróficos, 46% estavam com sobrepeso e 12% tinham algum grau de obesidade. No grupo que consumia mais de 400 mL de suco foi observado menor percentual de gordura corporal em relação ao grupo com consumo entre 200 e 400 mL. O grupo dos indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentou todas as variáveis antropométr icas superiores ao grupo dos indivíduos eutróficos. A análise bioquímica dos lipídeos sangüíneos mostrou que existiam indivíduos normolipidêmicos, hipercolesterolêmicos e hipertrigliceridêmicos. O grupo dos indivíduos com sobrepeso/obesos apresentou todos os valores dos lipídeos sangüíneos aumentados, com exceção do HDL, em relação ao grupo eutrófico. Entre os indivíduos com perfil lipídico normal, foi observado que... / The objective of this study was evaluated the lipidic and the nutr itional profile of men that consume orange juice habitually and it veri fies if the orange juice consumption was associated with blood lipids decrease. The sample was constituted of 110 subjects, 19 to 66 years old, and workers in an orange juice indust ry in Matao, SP. It was performed anthropometr ic, biochemistry and food consumption evaluations of individuals and nutritional composition analyze of indust ry's restaurant served diet. The anthropometric evaluat ion showed 3% subjects with underweight, 38% normal weight, 46% overweight and 12% obese. In more than 400 mL orange juice consumption group was remarked fat percentual less than 200 to 400 mL consumption group. The overweight and obese group presented all anthropometric var iables higher than the eutrofic group. The biochemical analyze have showed normolipidemics, hypercholesterolemics and hypertrygliceridemics individuals. The overweight/obese group presented all blood lipids higher eut rofic group, with exception HDL. Among the normal lipidic profile subjects was noticed, for those with more or equal 400 mL/day orange juice consumpt ion, the total cholesterol and LDL levels were decreased significantly, 12% and 15% respectively, in comparison to whoever consumpt ion less than 200 mL orange per day... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

New methods to measure and quantify tissue molecular composition and metabolism are a major driver of discovery in basic and clinical research. Optical methods are well suited for this task based on the non-invasive nature of many imaging and spectroscopy techniques, the variety of exogenous fluorescent probes available, and the ability to utilize label-free endogenous absorption signatures of tissue chromophores including oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, water, lipid, collagen, and glucose. Despite significant advances in biomedical imaging, there remain challenges in probing tissue information in a fast, wide-field, and non-invasive manner. Moreover, quantitative in vivo mapping of endogenous biomarkers such as water and lipids remain relatively less explored by the biomedical optics community due to their characteristic extinction spectra, which have distinct spectral features in the shortwave infrared, a wavelength band that has been traditionally more challenging to measure. The work presented in this dissertation was focused on developing instrumentation and algorithms for non-invasive quantification of tissue optical properties, fluorophore concentrations, and chromophore concentrations in a wide-field imaging format. All of the imaging methods and algorithms developed in this thesis extend the capability of the emerging technique called Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI). First, a new imaging technique based on SFDI is presented that can quantify the quantum yield of exogenous fluorophores in tissue. This technique can potentially provide a new non-invasive means for in vivo mapping of local tissue environment such as temperature and pH. Next, an angle correction algorithm was developed for SFDI for more accurate estimation of tissue optical properties as well as chromophore concentrations in highly curved tissue, including small animal tumor models. Next, a wide-field label-free optical imaging system was developed to simultaneously measure water and lipids using the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region. Last, to break the bottleneck of processing speed in optical property inversion, new deep learning based models were developed to provide over 300× processing speed improvement. Together, these projects substantially extend the available contrasts and throughput of SFDI, providing opportunities for new preclinical and clinical applications. / 2020-10-22T00:00:00Z

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ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can be a risk factor for periodontitis, but periodontitis can also be a marker for an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the infectious biological effects may also be risk factors, such as increased number of cytokines or periodontal bacteria in the circulation. Aim of study:  1. To find systemic risk markers associated with an increased risk for CVD. 2. To study change of the selected biomarkers after periodontal treatment. Methods: Using articles from PubMed showing different risk markers that associate strongly with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Inclusion criteria for the studies, the patients having periodontitis at baseline which has been clinically significant improved after treatment and that the risk markers have been measured before and after treatment. Additionally, these studies have contained enough individuals to be able to answer our question. We found 11 articles which fulfilled the criteria described above. Results: According to different studies, we have observed that there are significant risk markers associating with both periodontitis and CVD, and they have decreased after periodontal treatment. The most common risk markers are cholesterol, LDL, HDL, CRP and cytokines. All 11 studies showed significant decrease of at least one of the selected risk markers after periodontal treatment, while 2 of them also showed increased levels of several risk markers. Conclusion: We have found that successful treatment of periodontitis decreases systemic risk markers that are associated with increased risk for CVD. The clinical parameters for definition of periodontitis has been significantly improved.