A prevalência da hipertensão arterial aumenta a cada ano, é uma doença silenciosa, influenciada por fatores de risco, alguns decorrentes de hábitos e estilo de vida. Ao considerar a atual proposta mundial de tornar o paciente agente do seu próprio cuidado, participando a família do seu processo saúde-doença, faz-se necessário considerar esse contexto para propor estratégias de baixo custo, que contribuam para a redução dos valores de pressão arterial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da associação entre MRPA e intervenção de ensino (IE) na redução dos valores de pressão arterial. Foi realizado estudo piloto, para identificar as dificuldades e facilitar a operacionalização da coleta de dados, assim como propor estratégias para a melhor execução do planejamento do estudo. Foi realizado estudo clínico randomizado e definiu-se como variáveis a serem estudadas: \"MRPA\", \"IE\" e \"MRPA+IE\". A pressão arterial (PA) foi aferida antes e pós as intervenções. O fato de que todas as comparações realizadas no estudo não apontaram diferenças entre o grupo que participou da pesquisa e o que tendo recusado, teve suas características anotadas, foi o principal resultado. E quando comparou-se a magnitude do efeito da intervenção entre os grupos que receberam a associação das intervenções (grupo 1) e o grupo 2, que recebeu somente a intervenção de ensino, evidenciou-se uma diferença (p = 0,0155) entre eles, o que mostra que o grupo 1 teve uma melhora nos valores de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) enquanto que no grupo 2 foi observado uma piora nos valores de PAS. O grupo 1 teve uma melhora nos valores de PAS enquanto que no grupo 4, novamente foi observado uma piora nestes valores (p = 0,0040). O grupo 1 foi o único que apresentou redução dos valores de PA tanto na PAS quanto na pressão arterial diastólica (PAD). Assim a associação da MRPA com uma IE sobre a doença hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é recomendada, pois resultou em consequências positivas na implementação de cuidados de saúde, o que leva a crer ser uma adequada estratégia para redução dos valores de PA em pessoas com HAS em tratamento. Essa sugestão é baseada na análise do efeito e da efetividade das intervenções apresentadas nesse estudo, que evidenciou redução nos valores de PAS e PAD quando aplicada a associação das duas intervenções propostas nesse estudo onde os resultados se diferenciaram significativamente do grupo controle, o qual não sofreu nenhuma intervenção. Tais resultados permitem afirmar que a MRPA associada à IE reduz os valores de PA e que tal associação, poderá contribuir sobremaneira para a melhoria do controle dos valores de PA entre indivíduos com hipertensão arterial em tratamento nas ESF / The prevalence of hypertension is increasing every year , and know that it is a silent disease , influenced by habits and lifestyle . Considering the new global proposal to make the patient agent of their own care, attending to your family health-disease process , it is necessary to propose low-cost strategies that contribute to the reduction of blood pressure values . The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between HBPM and teaching intervention in reducing blood pressure levels . Pilot study , where it was possible to identify the difficulties in the operationalization of data collection and propose strategies for the implementation of the project was conducted . In the methodology it was decided to conduct a randomized clinical trial . We defined the variables to be studied : \" HBP \" , \" EI \" and \" HBP + EI \" , which will be the interventions of the study . The PA variable was measured before and after the interventions . The main result of the fact that all comparisons showed no differences between the group that participated in the survey and who has refused , had noted its features appear . And when we compare the magnitude of the effect of the intervention between the groups who received the combination of interventions (group 1 ) and group 2 , which received only the educational intervention , we observed a difference ( p = 0.0155 ) between them , showing that the group 1 had an improvement in SBP while in group 2 a worsening was observed in these values . When the magnitude of the effect of the intervention compared between groups and 1 control group ( 4 ) evidenced a difference ( p = 0.0040 ) between them , showing that group 1 had an improvement in SBP while in group 4 , was again observed a worsening in these values . Group 1 was the only one that showed a reduction in BP values in both SBP and DBP . Association of HBPM with IE on the disease , its consequences and health care as a strategy for reducing the pressure values is recommended. This suggestion is based on analysis of the effect and effectiveness of interventions presented in this study, which showed a reduction in SBP and DBP when applied to combination of both interventions proposed in this study where the results differed significantly from the control group, which did not suffer no intervention. These results allow us to affirm that HBPM associated with IE reduces the values of PA and that this association may contribute greatly to improving the control of blood pressure values among individuals with hypertension in treatment in the FHS

Chan Ka Wing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Definitions --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Definition of blood pressure --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Definition of hypertension --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Problems related to hypertension --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- The importance of measuring blood pressure --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Self-measurement of blood pressure --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Ambulatory blood pressure measurement --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Review of blood pressure measurement techniques --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- The invasive method --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Noninvasive methods --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6 --- Review of currently available blood pressure meters --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7 --- Prevalence of hypertension --- p.19 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Hong Kong --- p.19 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Worldwide --- p.20 / Chapter 1.8 --- The market for blood pressure meters --- p.21 / Chapter 1.9 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.22 / References --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Measurement of the ECG-PPG interval --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Pulse transit time (PTT) --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Electrocardiogram (ECG) --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Measurement of the ECG signal --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Photoplethysmography (PPG) --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Measurement of the PPG signal --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Measurement of blood pressure by ECG-PPG interval --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2 --- Source of errors for measurement of the ECG-PPG interval --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Effects of variability of ECG-PPG intervals --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Effects of bending the arm --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Effects of an external force --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3 --- Conclusion --- p.60 / References --- p.62 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Cuffless and Noninvasive Measurement of Blood Pressure --- p.68 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of subject-dependent calibration --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effects of different time intervals --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4 --- The impact of using different Q-P intervals --- p.96 / Chapter 3.5 --- Real-time measurement of blood pressure --- p.104 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.108 / References --- p.110 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Motion Artifact Reduction from PPG Recordings in Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.114 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.114 / Chapter 4.2 --- Previous works --- p.115 / Chapter 4.3 --- Theory --- p.116 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The adaptive filter --- p.117 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Variation of step-size parameters --- p.119 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effects of filter length --- p.120 / Chapter 4.4 --- Experiment --- p.121 / Chapter 4.5 --- Results --- p.123 / Chapter 4.6 --- Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.133 / References --- p.135 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Measurement of Blood Pressure using the PPG signal --- p.138 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.138 / Chapter 5.2 --- Theory --- p.138 / Chapter 5.3 --- Experiment --- p.142 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Multiple linear regression (MLR) --- p.142 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Artificial neural networks (ANNs) --- p.146 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Results --- p.149 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Discussion --- p.152 / Chapter 5.4 --- The implementation of the Q-P interval --- p.153 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Results --- p.154 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Discussion --- p.156 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.157 / References --- p.158 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Future Studies --- p.160 / Chapter 6.1 --- Major contributions --- p.160 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future studies --- p.162 / References --- p.165 / Appendix I --- p.166

Lee Chi Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-121). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Blood Pressure --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Hypertension --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Definition of Hypertension --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Causes and Symptoms of Hypertension --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Complication of Hypertension --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Prevalence of Hypertension --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- History --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Techniques and Methods --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Current Devices --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theory --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Blood Rheology --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Blood Composition --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Flow Properties of Blood --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Blood Vessels --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Principle of the PTT-Based Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Wave Propagation in Blood Vessels --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Pulse Transit Time (PTT) --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Blood Pressure Measurement Based on PTT --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Effects of Temperature on Blood Pressure --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Human Body Temperature Regulation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Physiological Responses to Decreased Temperature --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Effects of Temperature on Blood Pressure --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5 --- Possible Effects of Temperature on PTT-Based Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Windkessel Model --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Phase Velocity --- p.49 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Effects of temperature on PTT --- p.52 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Possible Effects of temperature on PTT-based Blood Pressure Measurement --- p.53 / Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Algorithms in Calculating Pulse Transit Time: Wavelet-Based and Derivative-Based --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Wavelet Transform (WT) --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experiment --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Subjects --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Equipment and Sensors --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Protocol --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3 --- Methods --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Wavelet-Based Algorithm of PTT Calculation --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Derivative-Based Algorithm of PTT Calculation --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.68 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.70 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Effects of Ambient Temperature on PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2 --- Experiment --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Subjects --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Equipment --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Protocol --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3 --- Methods --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Features of Photoplethysmographic Signals --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Calculation of Pulse Transit Time (PTT) --- p.78 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- "Effects of Ambient Temperature on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Finger Skin Temperature" --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Features of Photoplethysmographic Signals --- p.82 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effects of Ambient Temperature on Pulse Transit Time --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.85 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Evaluation of the Modified Equations of the PTT-Based Blood Pressure Measurement Approach --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.94 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Effects of Local Temperature on PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methods --- p.99 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- "Effects of Local Temperature on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Finger Skin Temperature" --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Effects of Local Temperature on Pulse Transit Time --- p.102 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Effects of Local Temperature on the Features of Photoplethysmographic Signal --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Effects of Local Temperature on PTT-Based Blood Pressure Estimation --- p.104 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.105 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.107 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Future Study --- p.108 / Chapter 6.1 --- Major Contributions --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future Study --- p.110 / References --- p.112 / Chapter Appendix A --- Motion Artifact Reduction from PPG signal Based on a Wavelet Approach --- p.122 / Chapter A.l --- Introduction --- p.122 / Chapter A.1.1 --- Motion Artifact --- p.122 / Chapter A.1.2 --- Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) --- p.123 / Chapter A.2 --- Experiment --- p.124 / Chapter A.2.1 --- Subjects --- p.124 / Chapter A.2.2 --- Equipment --- p.124 / Chapter A.2.3 --- Protocol --- p.125 / Chapter A.3 --- Methods --- p.126 / Chapter A.3.1 --- Algorithm --- p.126 / Chapter A.3.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.128 / Chapter A.4 --- Results --- p.129 / Chapter A.5 --- Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter A.6 --- Conclusion --- p.133 / Reference --- p.133 / Appendix B Derivation of the Moens-Korteweg Equation --- p.134 / Reference --- p.136

Gu Yingying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-164). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- IPFM Model --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Description of IPFM Model --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Background of IPFM Related Modeling --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Windkessel Model --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Background of the Windkessel Model --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Windkessel Related Modeling --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3 --- Photoplethysmogram (PPG) --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Principle of PPG --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Characteristics of PPG Signal --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4 --- A Study on the Beat-to-Beat BPV --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5 --- Main Purposes of the Study --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.20 / Chapter 2 --- Spectral Analysis on the IPFM Process --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- A Theoretical Study on the Neural Firing Rate Function --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Mathematical Derivation of the Neural Firing Rate --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Spectral Analysis of the IPFM Process --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Reconstruction of Neural Firing Rate through LPF --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Effects of Neural Dynamics --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion & Conclusion --- p.35 / Chapter 3 --- A New Model for the Generation of PPG --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2 --- Principles of PPG --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Relationship between Pressure and Flow --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Peripheral Pressure and Flow Curves --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Generation of PPG signal --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Model Description --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- IPFM model --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Windkessel model --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- New Model for the Generation of PPG --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Simulation --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Generation of ECG --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Generation of PPG --- p.57 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Effects of the Modulation Depth on the Output --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effects of Mean Autonomic Tone on HRV --- p.72 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion & Conclusion --- p.75 / Chapter 4 --- A Correlation Study on the Beat-to-Beat Features of Photoplethysmographic Signals --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.80 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Experimental Conditions --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Definition of the Parameters --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- Data Analysis --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- At Normal Relaxed State --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- At Different Levels of Contacting Force --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- At Different Levels of Local Skin Finger Temperature --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- At Dynamic State --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Repeatability Study --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Spectral Analysis --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.98 / Chapter 5 --- The Estimation of the Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2 --- BP Estimation using FY Interval --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Multi-Beat BP Estimation under Different Levels of Contacting Force --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Beat-to-Beat BP Estimation --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Repeatability Study --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3 --- A Study on the Beat-to-Beat BPV --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Background of the Beat-to-Beat BPV --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Analysis of the Beat-to-Beat BPV --- p.115 / Chapter 5.4 --- Improving the PPG Model with the Time-Varying BP --- p.120 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Modification of the Model --- p.121 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Simulation --- p.127 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Application of the PPG Model --- p.132 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion & Conclusion --- p.134 / Chapter 6 --- A Novel Biometric Approach --- p.139 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.139 / Chapter 6.2 --- Human Verification by PPG Signal --- p.140 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Experiment --- p.141 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Feature Extraction --- p.142 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Decision-making --- p.143 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Results --- p.146 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.149 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.151 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusions of Major Contributions --- p.151 / Chapter 7.2 --- Work to Be Done --- p.154

Teng Xiaofei. / "June 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Consequently, this study aims to develop novel technologies that can measure BP non invasively and continuously without a cuff. The proposed method estimates BP using features including pulse transit time (PTT), which is defined as the time interval from R wave of electrocardiogram to onset of photoplethysmogram within the same heart cycle. / Despite the importance of controlling blood pressure (BP) to our health, BP remains inadequately managed worldwide. Due to global ageing and change of human lifestyles, the number of hypertensives is anticipated to continue rising from approximately 1 billion in 2000 to 1.56 billion by 2025. A stumbling block to BP management is high BP usually develops without obvious symptoms. As a result, many people are unaware of their condition until severe problems such as a stroke, a heart attack or kidney failure have occurred. In China, over 100 million people do not know they have developed hypertension and are living under a potential risk to their health. In addition to high BP, variations of BP are also independent indicators of morbidity and mortality of severe diseases. Yet, sudden changes in BP are difficult to be detected by state-of-the-art BP meters, which operate on principles that require an inflatable cuff to give only a snapshot of BP. / Lastly, since the technology required information from several sensors that are placed on different body parts of a person, development of body area network (BAN) has been an important research focus. The concluding chapter of this thesis presents a new concept in this area, namely the hybrid body area network (h-BAN). In particular, the use of biological channels (bio-channels) for intra-BAN communication and securing wireless intra-BAN communication is discussed. / Nevertheless, a major challenge of this approach is its requirement of a calibration procedure. One possible solution is to calibrate against a cuff-based device, but this is inconvenient particularly when calibration has to be refreshed from time to time. Therefore, a bio-model is proposed and developed for PTT along an artery where the hydrostatic component of BP varies. The model can be applied to calibrate the cuffless PTT-based approach and estimate BP by simple movements such as hand elevation. Several experiments were conducted to validate the assumptions of this model and the results were found to be promising. / The proposed PTT-based technology was evaluated on 85 subjects (aged 57+/-29 yrs., including 39 hypertensives) whilst they were at rest in a sitting posture. A total of 999 pairs of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) estimations were made with reference to conventional cuff-based devices (i.e. a mercury sphygmomanometer and an oscillometric device) over a period of 6.4 weeks. The results of the study show that reference and estimated BP differed by 0.4+/-9.3 mmHg and 0.8+/-5.8 mmHg for SBP and DBP respectively (AAMI required mean and SD to be less than 5 and 8 mmHg correspondingly). / The results of both studies show that the accuracy of the PTT-based technique is comparable to the cuff-based approaches. This technique is potentially useful to measure BP continuously. / To conclude, this work developed a non-invasive and cuffless approach for BP measurement and addressed several key issues of this approach, i.e. the analysis, calibration, and implementation of it. The work can help to realise new BP management schemes in mobile health (m-Health) and personalised healthcare systems, which are developed to cater for the needs of the increasing aging population world-wide and to prevent and control chronic diseases like hypertension. / To further the investigation, a second study which was to investigate in a clinical setting for post-operation condition, was carried out on 8 patients (aged 55+/-18 yrs.) using the averaged invasive arterial-line and cuff readings taken at intervals of 40.0+/-24.7 min. as reference. After calibrating the new approach on each individual, it can estimate SBP and DBP within 3.3+/-6.5 mmHg and 4.3+/-6.4 mmHg of the reference for the complete set of 89 estimations. / Poon, Chung Yan Carmen. / "December 2007." / Adviser: Yuon-Ting Zhang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 4888. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-103). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Gu, Wenbo. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgment --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.iii / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Abbreviations --- p.viii / Contents --- p.ix / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Arterial blood pressure and its importance --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Current methods for non-invasive blood pressure measurement --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- The auscultatory method (mercury sphygmomanometer) --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- The oscillometric method --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- The tonometric method --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.4. --- The volume-clamp method --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3. --- Blood pressure estimation based on pulse arrival time --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4. --- Objectives and structures of this thesis --- p.10 / Chapter 2. --- Hemodynamic models: relationship between PAT and BP --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1. --- The generation of arterial pulsation --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2. --- Pulse wave velocity along the arterial wall --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Moens-Korteweg equation --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Bergel wave velocity --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3. --- Relationship between PWV and BP --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Bramwell-Hill´ةs model --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Volume-pressure relationship --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Hughes' model --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4. --- The theoretical expression of PAT-BP relationship --- p.23 / Chapter 3. --- Estimation and calibration of arterial BP based on PAT --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1. --- PAT measurement --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Principle of ECG measurement --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Principle of PPG measurement --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Calculation of PAT --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2. --- Calibration methods for PAT-BP estimation --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Calibration based on cuff BP readings --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Calibration by hydrostatic pressure changes --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Calibration by multiple regression --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3. --- Model-based calibration with PPG waveform parameters --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Model-based equation with parameters from PPG waveform --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Selection of parameters from PPG waveform --- p.36 / Chapter 4. --- Cuffless calibration approach using PPG waveform parameter for PAT-BP estimation --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2. --- Experiment I: young group in sitting position including rest and after exercise states --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Experiment protocol --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Data Analysis --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Experiment results --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3. --- Experiment II: over-month observation using wearable device in sitting position --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Body sensor network for blood pressure estimation --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Experiment protocol and data collection --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Experiment results --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4. --- Experiment III: contactless monitoring in supine position --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- The design of the contactless system --- p.52 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- Experiment protocol and data collection --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4.3. --- Experiment results --- p.53 / Chapter 4.5. --- Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter 4.5.1. --- Discussion of Experiments I and II --- p.55 / Chapter 4.5.2. --- Discussion of Experiments II and III --- p.57 / Chapter 4.5.3. --- Conclusion --- p.58 / Chapter 5. --- Cuff-based calibration approach for BP estimation in supine position --- p.61 / Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 5.2. --- Experiment protocol --- p.61 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Experiment IV: exercise experiment in supine position in lab --- p.61 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Experiment V: exercise experiment in supine position in PWH --- p.63 / Chapter 5.3. --- Data analysis --- p.65 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Partition of signal trials and selection of datasets --- p.65 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- PPG waveform processing --- p.66 / Chapter 5.4. --- Experiment results --- p.68 / Chapter 5.4.1. --- Range and variation of reference SBP --- p.68 / Chapter 5.4.2. --- PAT-BP individual best regression --- p.69 / Chapter 5.4.3. --- Multiple regression using ZX and arm length --- p.72 / Chapter 5.4.4. --- One-cuff calibration improved by PPG waveform parameter --- p.72 / Chapter 5.5. --- Discussion --- p.74 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.76

Yan, Renfei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-77). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.V / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.VI / LIST OF TABLES --- p.VIII / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.IX / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICES AND EVALUATION STANDARDS --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Current situation on hypertension --- p.1 / Chapter A. --- Prevalence of hypertension --- p.1 / Chapter B. --- Low awareness of hypertension --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Calls for better management of hypertension --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3. --- Blood pressure measuring devices --- p.3 / Chapter A. --- Conventional devices and their limitations --- p.3 / Chapter B. --- Wearable cuff-less devices --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4. --- Evaluation of the wearable cuff-less devices --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5. --- Objectives of the thesis --- p.7 / Chapter 1.6. --- Structure of the thesis --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- REVIEW ON CURRENT STANDARDS --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction to current standards --- p.8 / Chapter A. --- AAMI standard --- p.8 / Chapter B. --- BHS protocol --- p.8 / Chapter C. --- ESH protocol --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2. --- Comparison of current standards --- p.9 / Chapter A. --- Evaluation scope --- p.9 / Chapter B. --- Validation protocol --- p.10 / Chapter C. --- Accuracy criteria --- p.10 / Chapter D. --- Testing reference --- p.13 / Chapter E. --- Recruitment of subjects --- p.13 / Chapter F. --- Ambulatory monitors --- p.14 / Chapter G. --- Special groups of population --- p.15 / Chapter H. --- Statistical considerations --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3. --- Major challenges for the evaluation of cuff-less devices --- p.17 / Chapter A. --- Lack of experimental data --- p.19 / Chapter B. --- Re-examination of the statistical considerations --- p.19 / Chapter C. --- Feature oriented design of the validation protocol --- p.19 / Chapter D. --- Selection of testing reference --- p.79 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- ERROR DISTRIBUTION MODEL --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1. --- Distribution assumption in current standards --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2. --- Distribution analysis from published reports --- p.22 / Chapter A. --- Methodology --- p.22 / Chapter B. --- Data analysis --- p.23 / Chapter C. --- Results --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3. --- Distribution analysis on a cuff-less device --- p.29 / Chapter A. --- Experiment --- p.29 / Chapter B. --- Data analysis --- p.31 / Chapter C. --- Results --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4. --- Discussion --- p.33 / Chapter A. --- Supporting evidence for t4 distribution --- p.33 / Chapter B. --- Implications for the application of t4 distribution --- p.34 / Chapter 3.5. --- Section Summary --- p.35 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- EVALUATION SCALE TO ASSESS THE ACCURACY --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1. --- Considerations for parameter selection --- p.37 / Chapter A. --- Outlying errors and system bias --- p.37 / Chapter B. --- Accuracy at different levels of blood pressure --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2. --- Description of selected parameters --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3. --- Theoretical relationship between “new´ح and “old´ح parameters --- p.38 / Chapter A. --- Mathematical relationship --- p.39 / Chapter B. --- Mapping relationship --- p.40 / Chapter 4.4. --- Assessment of accuracy at increasing blood pressure levels --- p.41 / Chapter A. --- Data transformation --- p.41 / Chapter B. --- Experimental study --- p.41 / Chapter 4.5. --- Discussion and application --- p.43 / Chapter A. --- Parameter selection --- p.43 / Chapter B. --- Sample size --- p.45 / Chapter C. --- Accuracy criteria --- p.46 / Chapter 4.6. --- Section summary --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- FEATURE ORIENTED PROTOCOL DESIGN --- p.48 / Chapter 5.1. --- Rationale of accuracy assessment with BP change --- p.48 / Chapter 5.2. --- Experiment one --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3. --- Experiment two --- p.49 / Chapter 5.4. --- Data analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 5.5. --- Results --- p.50 / Chapter A. --- Experiment one --- p.50 / Chapter B. --- Experiment two --- p.52 / Chapter 5.6. --- Discussion --- p.58 / Chapter A. --- Difference between cuff-less and cuff-based devices --- p.58 / Chapter B. --- Correlation between accuracy and blood pressure changes --- p.58 / Chapter C. --- Inducement of blood pressure change --- p.59 / Chapter D. --- Other factors affect the accuracy --- p.60 / Chapter 5.7. --- Section summary --- p.61 / Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- PROPOSAL FOR THE EVALUATION OF WEARABLE CUFF-LESS DEVICES --- p.62 / Chapter 6.1. --- Scope --- p.62 / Chapter 6.2. --- Purpose --- p.62 / Chapter 6.3. --- Subject selection --- p.63 / Chapter 6.4. --- Main validation --- p.64 / Chapter A. --- Static test --- p.64 / Chapter B. --- Test with blood pressure change --- p.65 / Chapter C. --- Test after a certain period of time --- p.65 / Chapter 6.5. --- Data analysis and reporting --- p.66 / Chapter A. --- Statistical report --- p.66 / Chapter B. --- Graphical representation --- p.67 / Chapter 6.6. --- Conclusion and future work --- p.67 / REFERENCES --- p.69 / LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND AWARDS --- p.78

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.