Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1986.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1964.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 11, 2010). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-57).

Os sistemas de grupos sanguíneos eritrocitários e plaquetários têm grande importância na medicina transfusional. Os serviços de hemoterapia têm investido cada vez mais em protocolos profiláticos à aloimunização contra antígenos eritrocitários, sendo o surgimento das plataformas de genotipagem em larga escala um avanço muito importante nesse âmbito. Este estudo tem por objetivo a padronização e a validação da plataforma OpenArray, por meio da técnica de microarranjos líquidos para genotipagem de antígenos eritrocitários e plaquetários em larga escala para futura implementação na rotina de doadores de sangue. Tal genotipagem permitirá a análise da frequência genotípica encontrada nos doadores de sangue da Fundação Pró-sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo. Métodos: Foram analisadas 400 amostras de sangue total coletadas de doadores de sangue entre outubro e novembro de 2011. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos de troca de um nucleotídeo (Single nucleotide polymorphism - SNPs) que codifica os principais antígenos eritrocitários e plaquetários de relevância transfusional foi realizada utilizando a tecnologia OpenArray para as 400 amostras. Dessas, 242 também foram analisadas pela plataforma de genotipagem BLOODchip, em larga escala. Procedeu-se à comparação entre as técnicas em termos de acurácia, reprodutibilidade, número de resultados incorretos, número de resultados não amplificados ou indeterminados, possibilidade de customização dos ensaios, tempo total de duração da reação e número de amostras processadas por bateria. Foi também calculada a frequência genotípica dos SNPs e feita a comparação com dados prévios de literatura. Resultados e discussão: as amostras que foram testadas em ambas as plataformas apresentaram acurácia de 99,9% pela técnica OpenArray e 100% pela técnica BLOODchip, sendo os resultados discrepantes analisados por sequenciamento direto (técnica Sanger), confirmando os resultados obtidos pela genotipagem realizada no BLOODchip. Além disso, a técnica OpenArray apresentou maior número de resultados não amplificados ou indeterminados (no call), o que representa uma grande desvantagem do método, em decorrência da perda de insumos. Entretanto, a técnica OpenArray apresentou outras vantagens em relação ao BLOODchip, como a possibilidade de customização do ensaio, menor tempo para processamento das amostras, considerando a possibilidade de automatização total do processo e número de amostras testadas por bateria superior ao método comparativo. Os resultados da frequência alélica e genotípica dos polimorfismos analisados pelo método OpenArray foram comparados com as frequências encontradas na literatura, observando-se prevalência de doadores com perfil genotípico mais próximo da população caucasoide, porém, com a presença de alelos encontrados na população negra. Entretanto, esse perfil genotípico dos doadores predispõe à aloimunização de doentes falciformes, com perfil fenotípico negroide, reiterando a necessidade de transfusões com fenótipo compatível como profilaxia à aloimunização. / The erythrocyte and platelets blood groups are extremely important for transfusional medicine. Hemotherapy services have increasingly invested in prophylactic protocols for alloimmunization against erythrocyte antigens and the emergence of high-throuput genotyping platforms are a very prominent advance in this area. The aim of this study was to validate and to standardize the OpenArray platform, which is based on the microarray technolgy for the erythrocyte antigens genotyping on large scale, to further implementation in blood bank routine. This tecnique also allowed to asses the genotype frequencies in blood donors from Fundação Pró-sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo. Method: We examined 400 blood donor samples collected from October to November 2011. The SNPs were detected using OpenArray technology. From the 400 blood samples, 272 were also tested using BLOODchip platform, to compare the results between both tecniques and evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, number of incorrect results, failed samples, possibility of assays customization, duration of procedures, and number of samples that can be processed per batch. The genotype frequency of SNPs was also assesed and the findings were compared to previous studies. Results and Discussion: the OpenArray method showed accuracy of 99.9% and the BLOODchip of 100%. The inconsistent results were confirmed by Sanger Sequencing which showed that BLOODchip analysis was accurate. Besides, the OpenArray method showed a higher number of non-amplification or failed results (no call), which may be a major disavantage, due to reagent loss. However, the OpenArray platform showed other advantages when compared to BLOODchip such as the possibility of assay customization and full automation of the process, it was less time-consuming and allowed a higher number of samples per batch. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of each SNP tested in the blood donor population were calculated by the OpenArray method and the results were compared to reports from previous studies. We observed a prevalence of genotypic profiles closest to the Caucasian population, however, there was the presence of alleles found in the black population as well. This genotypic profile donors predispose to alloimmunization of sickle cell patients, with negroid phenotypic profile, reiterating the need for compatible phenotype transfusions and prophylaxis to alloimmunization.

No description available.

Rabbit antisera directed against human milk sialyloligosaccharides were used to detect specific monosialylgangliosides from the lipid fraction of human meconium. Gangliosides of this fraction were detected after thin layer chromatography by immuno-staining with specific anti-oligosaccharide sera. The monosialylganglioside fraction of human meconium was subjected to ozonolysis and alkali-fragmentation and the resulting ganglioside-derived oligosaccharides were reduced with NaB [³H]₄ and partially separated using paper chromatography. The [³H]-oligosaccharide alditols were assayed for binding to specific anti-oligosaccharide sera in a direct-binding radioimmunoassay using nitrocellulose filters to collect immune-complexes. Radiolabeled oligosaccharide alditols which were recognized by specific antisera were affinity purified by eluting nitrocelIulose filters containing antibody-oligosaccharide complexes or using columns of immobilized anti-oligosaccharide antibodies. Structural analyses of two sialyl[³H]tetrasaccharide alditols obtained in this way were carried out with sequential enzymatic degradation using specific exoglycosidases. The products of enzymatic digestions were identified by cochromatography in paper with known standards. Data obtained from these experiments are consistent with the presence of the following, previously unidentified gangliosides in human meconium: NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc-cer Galβ1-3[NeuAcα2-6]GlcNAcα1-3Galβ1-4Glc-cer / Ph. D.

"May 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251) Describes the investigation of the alteration of ABH antigen expression on the surface of red blood cells in patients with haematological malignancies.

Blood group glycolipids are important tools in the study of microbial receptor interactions and other biological phenomena. Presently blood group glycolipids of interest are isolated from biological samples. However, all glycolipids are not readily available due to the low frequency of some phenotypes in the general population. The ability to acquire the rare glycolipids from the degradation of common glycolipids would be a useful alternative to trying to obtain the molecules from biological sources.This research set out to establish the ability of blood group glycolipids to be degraded into useful glycolipids in a controlled manner by acid hydrolysis and possibly metal catalysis. The initial experiments investigated the degradation/hydrolysis of the more readily available glycolipid globoside with a range of salts and acids to establish degradation concepts such as; temperature, type of acid, acid concentration, and the role of metal ions in glycolipid degradation. These concepts then led to a series of degradation experiments with the blood group glycolipids Leb and ALeb. These glycolipids were incubated with a range of acid concentrations and varying temperatures. Thin layer chromatography separation and chemical and immunochemical staining were the main methods used to identify the products of degradation.It was established that metal ions were not directly involved in the catalysis of glycolipids in the short-term, however some metal ions were indirectly implicated in their degradation due to their ability to form acid solutions. Acid hydrolysis was established as the principle mechanism for glycan chain degradation. In general it was found that the glycan chain primarily lost its fucose groups (in no particular order) and was then followed by sequential degradation of the remaining glycan chain. The glycan chain also appeared to have a protective function on the ceramide moiety. Degradation of globoside established a simple sequential pathway of glycan chain reduction from the non-reducing end. Blood group glycolipids ALeb and Leb first lost their fucose side groups followed by sequential reduction of the glycan chain. Although not fully controllable, degradation of Leb was able to produce Lea, Led and Lec. In contrast degradation of ALeb did not produce any Lea or Led. Instead A-type 1 and two novel A-like structures, 'linear A' and 'GalNAc-Lea' were generated. Lec was only produced from ALeb in extremely acidic conditions. This research established the ability to generate, by acid hydrolysis, a range of rare and "unnatural" novel glycolipids from more commonly available structures. It is of interest that the so-called unnatural glycolipids obtained from the acid hydrolysis of ALeb may, in theory, occur naturally in the acid environment of the stomach, and as such could have the potential to be implicated in disease. It is probable that by applying the principles learned here, a range of novel and natural structures suitable for use in the study of biological interactions can be obtained.

"May 2002" / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251) / xv, 251 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Describes the investigation of the alteration of ABH antigen expression on the surface of red blood cells in patients with haematological malignancies. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 2003