Just as scientists develop general conceptual explanations of the phenomena they investigate, individuals also develop intuitive theories about such human characteristics as intelligence, personality, and athletic ability. These theories, unlike scientist's theories, are not explicitly articulated or documented, and so they are termed implicit theories. Implicit theories, in achievement motivation, distinguish between the belief that human attributes are fixed (entity theory) or malleable (incremental theory) and have been shown to have far-reaching consequences for motivation, goal-orientations, and regulatory strategies in an array of domains. This dissertation extended implicit theories research to the domain of body-weight management. Drawing from an elaborate theoretical framework on implicit theories and health behavior research, the present work predicted that (a) individuals differ systematically in their beliefs about the malleability of body weight and (b) these implicit beliefs are related to coping and self-regulation strategies following dieting setbacks. To test these hypotheses, I first developed the Implicit Theories of Weight Management Scale and examined its psychometric properties. Results revealed internal reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. Implicit theories of weight management were moderately related to health and dieting locus of control but were distinct from personality dimensions such as the Big Five and trait optimism. Psychometric properties of the scale are presented and discussed. Next, I tested the hypothesis that implicit theories of weight management would be related to adaptive regulatory strategies (e.g., increased motivation) and to maladaptive coping (e.g., avoidance) following dieting setbacks and that this relation would be mediated by feelings of helplessness and optimism, and by attributions. Results largely supported these conjectures, revealing that even after controlling for constructs related to successful dieting (e.g., dieting self-confidence, trait self-control), believing more strongly that weight is changeable was related to lower reported use of avoidance when coping with setbacks and more effort. Additionally, feelings of helplessness and optimism mediated the implicit theories-self-regulatory relations. Results are discussed in terms of how implicit theories create the structure in which meaning is assigned to events and are therefore important for achievement and motivation. Implications and avenues for future research are presented.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries / Department: Foods and Nutrition.

Le but de cette thèse était d'analyser la relation entre l’économie de course à pied (ECO) et l'efficiencemécanique (Eff) dans la performance des coureurs spécialistes en moyenne et longue distance, utilisantdes modèles allométriques. Basé dans les résultats de trois études originales, nous avons conclu quel’échelle allométrique peut améliorer la relation entre ECO et performance dans la course à pied demoyenne et longue distance, principalement en coureurs amateurs, pour raison morpho-fonctionnelles.Également, pour cette même population, des travaux mécaniques, principalement le externe, peut êtreconsidérées comme prédicteurs de la performance de la course à pied de sujets spécialistes en longuedistance, et un exposant allométrique peut améliorer cette prédiction. En ce qui concerne à l’Eff, lesrésultats ont montré que cette variable est, aussi, une important variable de prédiction de laperformance. Toutefois, quand appliqué des exposant allométriques, il n'y avait aucune améliorationdans cette prédiction, principalement en coureurs de haut niveau. Les résultats ont montré, aussi, quepour le calcul de l’Eff, la contribution de la dépense énergétique anaérobie est important, parce que,contrairement, les résultats peuvent être surestimés. En général, lorsque l’objectif est prédit laperformance des coureurs amateurs de moyenne ou de longue distance, à travers des puissancesmétaboliques ou mécaniques, est suggéré d'adopter un exposant allométrique spécifique du groupeétudié. Toutefois, lorsque cette prédiction est réalisée avec la utilisation de l’Eff en un groupe decoureurs de haut niveau, l’échelle allométrique n’est pas indiquée. / The aim of this thesis was to use allometric models to analyze the relationship that running economy(ECO) and mechanical efficiency (Ef) have on the performance of middle- and long-distance runners.Based on the results of three original studies, we concluded that allometric scaling can improve therelationship between ECO and performance in recreational middle- and long-distance runners, mainlydue to morphofunctional aspects. Similarly, the mechanical works, especially the external mechanicalwork, may be considered to be predictive of running performance and a specific allometric exponentcan improve these predictions. The results also showed that Ef is an important predictor of theperformance of long-distance runners. However, when the specific allometric exponents were applied,there was no improvement in the prediction of this performance. The results also showed that it isimportant to consider the contribution of anaerobic energy expenditure when calculating Ef, becauseotherwise the results may be overestimated, as already reported in other studies. In general, when theobjective is to predict the performance of middle- or long-distance runners through metabolic ormechanical powers, it is useful to adopt a specific allometric exponent of the group investigated.However, when this prediction is performed considering the Ef, particularly in high-performance longdistancerunners, the allometric application is not necessary.

Thesis advisor: Barbara E. Wolfe / Despite the chronicity and less than optimal outcomes of inpatient treatment (IPT) for anorexia nervosa (AN), treatment guidelines continue to reflect the common notion of one-size-fits-all and the process of weight restoration continues to be poorly understood. Weight restoration, a primary goal of IPT for AN, does not occur in isolation but rather reflects an adaptation process within internal and external environments. It is unknown whether or not there are unique patterns of change in body weight that are associated with factors identified in the existing literature as being predictors of weight gain. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which patterns of change in body weight existed among individuals during IPT for AN, and the relationship with factors identified in the existing literature as being predictors of weight gain (i.e., age at time of admission, admission caloric intake, percent of ideal body weight [IBW] at time of admission, body weight at time of discharge, body mass index [BMI] at time of discharge). Individuals who were diagnosed with AN and admitted to the inpatient unit of an eating disorder treatment facility in the Northeast between January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015 were included in this retrospective, exploratory study (N = 500). Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify distinct trajectories of change in body weight, and to determine the risk of being in a particular trajectory. Four distinct trajectories were identified: weight gain (n = 197), weight loss (n = 177), weight plateau (n = 82), and weight fluctuate (n = 44) groups. Significant predictors of trajectories were age, history of prior IPT for AN, admission caloric intake, body weight at time of admission and discharge, and length of stay. Results from this study suggest that a further understanding of patterns of change in body weight among individuals with AN, will help guide assessment and treatment interventions and consequently influence outcomes. Additionally, there is an opportunity to update treatment guidelines and recommendations for AN. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

Orientador: Sandra Aidar de Queiroz / Coorientador: João Ademir de Oliveira / Banca: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira / Banca: Roberto Carvalhei ro / Banca: Joanir Perei ra Eler / Banca: Josineudson Augusto II de Vasconcelos Silva / Resumo: A condição corporal pode estar relacionada com eficiência de produção de carne e de habilidade materna. Até o presente momento, o conhecimento das relações entre o escore condição corporal (ECC) e características de desempenho produtivo é escasso para animais zebuínos. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: demonstrar a importância da avaliação da condição corporal, investigar o desempenho ao sobreano como indicador da condição corporal, quantificar as relações entre o ECC e o tamanho adulto e verificar a possibilidade de inclusão do ECC em índice de seleção de vacas Nelore. O ECC foi atribuído no diagnóstico de gestação ou no desmame, variando de 1 a 5 pontos. No modelo de análise para ECC, foram considerados os seguintes efeitos sistemáticos: grupo de contemporâneas (GC), ordem de parto, peso adulto (excluído na análise com peso ao sobreano), idade ao primeiro parto (excluído na análise com idade ao primeiro parto), peso do bezerro ao desmame (PD). Foram incluídos no modelo de peso ao sobreano (PS) os efeitos de GC e idade ao sobreano (efeitos linear e quadrático). Nos modelos dos escores visuais de conformação (C), precocidade (P), musculosidade (M) e ganho de peso do desmame ao sobreano (GS), considerou-se: efeitos de GC, idade ao sobreano (efeitos linear e quadrático) e idade da vaca ao parto (efeitos linear e quadrático). No modelo de altura de garupa ao sobreano (AGS) incluiu os efeitos de GC, idade ao sobreano (efeitos linear e quadrático) e idade da vaca ao parto (efeito linear). O modelo de peso adulto (PA) contemplou os efeitos de GC, idade ao primeiro parto, idade na pesagem (efeitos linear e quadrático) e o peso do bezerro ao pé. Para altura de garupa adulta (AG) foram considerados os efeitos de GC e idade ao primeiro parto (linear). Para a análise de idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) apenas o efeito de GC considerado. Para reconcepção (REC), incluiu-se os efeitos de... / Abstract: The body condition may be related to meat production efficiency and maternal ability. Until now, knowledge of the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and productive performance characteristics is scarce for Zebu animals. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the importance of assessment of body condition, investigate the performance long yearling as an indicator of body condition, quantify the relationship between the BCS and the adult size and check the possibility of including BCS in selection index of Nellore cows. The BCS is assigned in the diagnosis of pregnancy or weaning, ranging from 1 to 5 points. In the model analysis for BCS, we considered the following systemic effects: contemporary group (CG), birth order, adult weight (excluding the analysis with long yearling weight), age at first calving (excluded in the analysis of age at first calving ), calf weaning weight (WW). They were included in the model long yearling weight (YW) the effects of CG and age at yearling (linear and quadratic effects). In models of visual scores of conformation (C), early finishing (EF), muscling (M) and weight gain from weaning to long yearling (WG), it was considered: CG effects, age at yearling (linear and quadratic effects) and cow age at calving (linear and quadratic effects). In the long yearling hip height model (YH) included the effects of CG, age at long yearling (linear and quadratic effects) and cow age at calving (linear effect). The model of mature weight (MW) included the effects of CG, age at first calving, age at weighing (linear and quadratic effects) and WW. For mature hip height (MH) were considered the effects of CG and age at first calving (linear). For age analysis at first calving (AFC) only the effect of CG considered. To reconception (REC), included the effects of CG, MW, AFC, calving interval (CI) and WW. In CI model, the effects of CG, gestational stage, AFC, MW and WW were included. Through ... / Doutor

Introdução - A adolescência é um período em que ocorrem intensas transformações biopsicossociais, de modo que as experiências percebidas nessa etapa podem contribuir para a formação da imagem corporal. Objetivo - Analisar a associação entre percepção do peso corporal e variáveis relacionadas, em estudantes do ensino fundamental. Métodos - Estudo transversal, realizado em 2007, com estudantes de 8 a 17 anos, residentes em Vitória, Espírito Santo (ES). Dados antropométricos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e de maturação sexual foram coletados. A percepção do peso corporal foi verificada por meio de pergunta única sobre o que os estudantes achavam do próprio peso corporal em relação à sua estatura. Análises de regressão logística, estratificadas por sexo, foram realizadas para verificar a associação entre percepção do peso corporal e faixa etária, estado nutricional, perímetro da cintura, estágio de maturação sexual e nível socioeconômico. A categoria de referência para as análises foi percepção do peso adequado. Resultados - Participaram 397 estudantes, idade média (desvio-padrão) 12 (1,84) anos, sendo 52,4 por cento do sexo feminino. Em relação ao estado nutricional, meninos e meninas, respectivamente, apresentaram prevalências de 21,7 por cento e 20,1 por cento (excesso de peso), 76,9 por cento e 77,8 por cento (peso adequado para a estatura), e 1,4 por cento e 2,1 por cento (baixo peso). Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre percepção do peso corporal e estado nutricional (excesso de peso) em ambos os sexos (meninos: OR = 6,76; meninas: OR = 19,58) e faixa etária (10 a 14 anos) para os meninos (OR = 0,40). Conclusão - A percepção do peso corporal associou-se ao estado nutricional em ambos os sexos, e à faixa etária apenas em meninos. Isso reforça a necessidade do acompanhamento desses adolescentes por profissionais de saúde, visando melhor consciência do próprio corpo / Introduction - Adolescence is a time when several biological and psychosocial transformations take place. So, the experiences lived at this age can contribute to the formation of the individual, including the image that this individual builds of its body. Objective - Analyze the association between body weight perception and related variables in Elementary School students. Methods - Cross-sectional study performed in 2007, with students age 8 to 17, residents in Vitoria (ES). Anthropometric, demographic, socioeconomic and sexual maturation data were collected. The perception of body weight was verified by one single question about what the students thought of their own body weight in relation to their height. Logistic regression analysis, stratified by gender was used to verify the associations among body weight perception, age, body mass index, waist circumference, pubertal stage and maternal education. The reference category for analysis was appropriate weight perception. Results - 397 students participated, age mean (standard deviation) 12 (1.84) years of age, 52.4 per cent were females. Boys and girls showed, respectively, 21.7 per cent and 20.1 per cent overweight, 76.9 per cent and 77.8 per cent appropriate weight for height, 1.4 per cent and 2.1 per cent underweight. There was statistic association between body perception and nutritional status (overweight) in both genders (boys: OR = 6.76; girls: OR = 19.58) and age (10 to 14 years) for boys (OR = 0.40). The other variables did not show association. Conclusion - The body weight perception was associated to nutritional status in both genders, and with age group 10 to 14 years old only in boys. This reinforces the need for health professionals to monitor these adolescents in order for them to have a better understanding of their own bodies.

A introdução de sistemas automáticos de pesagem tem possibilitado a mensuração do peso vivo em tempo real, sem a necessidade de remover os animais de piquetes e manejá-los em currais com tronco de contenção e balanças. Embora estes equipamentos estejam disponíveis, sua contribuição para tomadas de decisões e gestão da produção de bovinos de corte é ainda pequena, principalmente em função de seu custo e da falta do desenvolvimento de metodologias para processamento e análise do volume de dados produzido. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo central testar e propor metodologias de análise para os dados de peso vivo provenientes de sistemas automáticos de pesagem, que possibilitem a percepção das relações não lineares entre o desempenho dos animais e o tempo. Para isso, este estudo foi subdividido em duas etapas: i) a primeira caracterizou-se pela avaliação do uso do sistema de plataformas de pesagem corporal automática (modelo VW 1000, Intergado®, Brasil) em fazenda comercial de bovinos Nelore P.O., sendo verificado a coerência biológica dos dados e analisado o grau de concordância entre este sistema e o sistema convencional de pesagem. ii) A segunda etapa caracterizou-se pela busca de ferramentas computacionais que permitissem mensurar o ganho de peso diário de modo a acompanhar suas variações em tempo real. Para isso, dois métodos de suavização foram analisados: a) Suavizador de gráfico de dispersão localmente ponderado (do inglês, Locally-Weighted Scatterplot Smoother, LOWESS) e b) B-spline penalizada (do inglês, Penalized B-splines, PB-splines). Ambos os métodos apresentaram bons ajustes aos dados de peso vivo, mas LOWESS estimou curvas menos suaves, as quais resultaram, por sua vez, em trajetórias de ganho de peso com maior variabilidade. Por outro lado, o método de suavização PB-splines estimou curvas com estruturas mais rígidas às flutuações que ocorrem com o peso vivo, não distorcendo, porém, a relação de dependência entre as variáveis. Assim, o presente estudo possibilitou afirmar que sistemas automáticos de pesagem, quando integrados aos métodos de suavização de dados aqui explorados, permitem estimar a relação entre o peso vivo e o tempo sem o estabelecimento prévio de uma função. Com isso, permitem também a construção de trajetórias de ganho de peso diário passíveis de serem utilizadas para a identificação de problemas tanto de lote quanto de indivíduos. As ferramentas aqui exploradas poderão auxiliar os futuros estudos de identificação das variações do ganho de peso inerentes aos animais ou ao ambiente, permitindo, assim, melhorar a identificação de problemas em sistemas de pecuária de precisão. / The introduction of automatic weighing systems presents opportunities to record cattle body weight multiple times per day without the need to remove them from pens or paddocks and handling them in squeeze-chute equipped with static weighing systems. Although these systems are available, its contribution to decision making in beef cattle management is still rather small. This area remains uninvestigated partially because the steps to data processing and analysis are not well defined, reducing the potential of this system to monitoring changes in animal performance. In this context, the main objective of this study was to develop an approach for analyzing the body weight records by an automatic weighing system that describes and shows the nonlinearity of the animal performance as a function of time. For this, the study was subdivided in two steps; First, daily body weight of Nelore cattle were collected in a commercial farm and analyzed in relation its biological coherence and to understand the agreement of such weighing systems to the conventional system. Second, characterization was performed, by the search for computational tools that allowed to measure the daily weight gain to follow its real variations. For this, two smoothing techniques were analyzed: a) Locally-Weighted Scatterplot Smoother (LOWESS), and b) penalized B-spline (PB-spline). Both techniques fitted well the body weight data, but LOWESS estimated curves less smoothed, which resulted in daily body weight gain trajectories with greater variability. On the other hand, the penalized PB-spline estimated curves that had structures more rigid to fluctuations that occur with body weight. But the form of the regression function not distorted the dependence relationship between the two variables. Thus, the present study concluded that automatic weighing systems when integrated with the smoothing techniques used allowed us to estimate the structural form between body weight and time without the reference to a specific model. Hence, it allowed the construction of daily weight gain trajectories that may be used to identify problems in pens or in individual animals. The tools used here may help future studies to identify the inherent and unnatural variations of daily weight gain, thus improving the efficiency of identifying problems in animal performance.

Xie, Yaojie. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-185). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; appendix in Chinese.

ABSTRACTnformation and telecommunication technologies have been used for medical applications for almost a century: the radio, the phone and the television have been used to provide medical assistance to remote areas like boats located in the sea, oil rigs and other isolated locations. This new use of ICT was given the name of Telemedicine. ISince the 90`s, health care systems have been looking for new ways and alternatives to provide health care than the traditional hospital centers. Information technologies and communication systems have been developed, especially with the deployment of Internet access to most of residential areas, and have brought health care to the electronic age; Carving a new term E-Health.Nowadays Telemedicine is used in several E-health applications for teleconsultation, telediagnosis, telemonitoring and has been successfully tested in teleradiology, telecardiology, teledermatology, telepsychiatry, etc. This technology is used in rural areas, health areas, prisons, home cares, emergencies, wars, etc.This project implements two different parts. The first one is an user application to measure weight and blood pressure from the patient using two Bluetooth-enable measurement devices: the UC-321PBT Precision Health Scale and UA-767PBT Blood Pressure Monitor. The second one implements a web server to store all patients reports with updated information in real time. This information can be consulted through a web page for medical staff in HL7 patient’s report format. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Orientador: Tamara Beres Lederer Goldberg / Banca: Maria Arlete MeilSchimith Escrivão / Banca: Adriano Dias / Resumo: A obesidade e a osteoporose são duas morbidades que afetam a população geral, consideradas graves problemas de saúde pública. Sabe-se que, o excesso de peso se instala em idades cada vez mais precoces e que, com o ganho em sobrevida, o envelhecimento populacional resulta em aumento da prevalência da osteopenia/osteoporose e das fraturas delas resultantes. Investigar o impacto do excesso de gordura corporal sobre a aquisição da massa óssea de adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de 10 a 19 anos, considerados sobrepesos, obesos e superobesos. Adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, matriculados na condição de casos novos no Ambulatório de Medicina do Adolescente da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, foram avaliados clínica e nutricionalmente, obtendo-se peso, estatura e Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Aqueles que apresentavam IMC ≥85o e <95o percentil das curvas do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000) foram considerados sobrepesos, os que se localizavam igual ou acima do 95opercentil, obesos e os com IMC superior ao 99o percentil, superobesos. Realizou-se inquérito alimentar através do recordatório alimentar de 3 dias e obtida a Idade Óssea pelo Método de Greulich & Pyle (1959). Aqueles considerados sobrepesos, obesos e superobesos realizaram avaliação do Conteúdo Mineral Ósseo (CMO g) e da Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO g/cm2) por densitometria óssea por atenuação de Raio X de dupla energia (DXA) obtida em Coluna Lombar (L1-L4), Fêmur Proximal, Corpo Subtotal e Corpo Total. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados estando os adolescentes e seus responsáveis cientes e de acordo, tendo assinado o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os dados foram analisados segundo ajuste para idade cronológica e óssea, apresentados em médias, medianas, desvios padrão, quartis e limites mínimo e máximo para cada variável. Realizada Análise de Variância para comparação segundo a classificação nutricional ... / Abstract: Obesity and Osteoporosis are two morbities that affect general population, being considered a great public health issue. It is known that overweight is installed in much more precocious ages and with a longer life expectation, population aging has resulted in the prevalence of osteoporosis and resulting fractures. Investigate the impact of body fatness over the acquisition of bone mass in adolescents of both gender, from 10 to 19 years old, considered to be either overweight, obese and extremely obese. Adolescents from 10 to 19 years old signed up as new cases at the Teen's Medical Clinic of Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, were evaluated clinically and nutritionally as far as weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Those who had shown BMI ≥85th and <95th percentile for their age group according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria (CDC, 2000) were considered overweight, those who were evaluated on equal or above 95th percentiles, were considered obese, and those who had their BMI superior than 99th percentiles, were considered extremely obese. It was performed a dietary survey through a three day food recall and obtained the bone age through the application of the Greulich & Pyle Method (1959). Those considered overweight, obese and extremely obese performed evaluation about the Bone Mineral Content (BMC g) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD g/cm2) evaluations through Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DXA), obtained in Lumbar Spine (L1-L4), Proximal Femur, Body Subtotal and Body Total. All the procedures were done according to parental and patient approval and agreement by signing a Free Consent Form and have it clarified. Collected data was analyzed according to chronological and bone age adjustments presented in mean, median, quartiles, standard deviation and minimum and maximum limits for each variable. Through a Variance Analysis for comparison according to nutritional classification and Tukey test to find out major ... / Mestre