Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 toma_hs_me_botfmvz.pdf: 290503 bytes, checksum: 7c6b31998398e78479d7c7d4cd037e5f (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / Objetivou-se avaliar a passagem transplacentária e colostral de cobre e seus principais antagonistas (Zn, S, Fe e Mo) por meio de dosagem sérica e no colostro, em cordeiros e ovelhas da raça Bergamácia. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros provenientes de parto simples e suas respectivas mães da raça Bergamácia mantidas confinadas a partir de 15 dias antes do parto, alimentadas com silagem de sorgo, ração, feno, sal mineral e água ad libitum. Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue das mães, por venopunção jugular, para extração do soro no momento do parto e do colostro através de ordenha manual (30 mL) nos tempos 0, 24, 48 e 72 horas após o parto. Nos cordeiros foi colhido o sangue para obtenção do soro 0, 24, 48 e 72 horas após o nascimento. Também foram avaliados o peso, temperatura retal, volume globular (VG) e proteína plasmática total (PPT) dos cordeiros recém nascidos até 72 horas.Análises dos níveis de molibdênio, zinco, ferro, enxofre e cobre da silagem de sorgo, feno, sal mineral, ração, soro sanguíneo e colostro foram realizadas por espectofotômetro de absorção atômica. Concluiu-se que os cordeiros apresentaram ao nascimento concentrações séricas de Cu, Zn, S, Fe e Mo semelhante aos das ovelhas, evidenciando a existência de passagem transplacentária de minerais. Houve aumento nas concentrações séricas dos minerais (Cu, Zn, Fe, S e Mo) nos cordeiros após a ingestão do colostro. A concentração sérica de zinco e, sérica e colostral de cobre das mães apresentaram correlação positiva significativa com a concentração de cobre sérica dos cordeiros. O valor médio do índice de massa corporal (IMC) das mães 24 horas após o parto foi 118,55 ± 24,21 e dos cordeiros 24 horas após o nascimento foi 39,48 ± 7,67 / The objective was to assess the transplacental and colostral copper and its main antagonists (Zn, S, Fe and Mo) by means of serum and colostrum, in lambs and ewes Bergamácia. We used 20 lambs from simple birth and their mothers Bergamasca kept confined from 15 days before calving, fed sorghum silage, feed, hay, mineral and water ad libitum. Blood samples were collected from mothers by venipuncture jugular extraction of serum at delivery and colostrum by milking (30 mL) at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after delivery. In lambs the blood was collected to obtain serum 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after birth. Were also assessed weight, rectal temperature, packed cell volume (PCV) and total plasma protein (TPP) of newborn lambs within 72 hours. Analysis of levels of molybdenum, zinc, iron, sulfur and copper from sorghum silage, hay, mineral salt diet, blood serum and colostrum were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was concluded that the lambs at birth had serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, S, Fe and Mo similar to those of sheep, showing the existence of placental transfer of minerals. There was an increase in serum concentrations of minerals (Cu, Zn, Fe, S and Mo) in the lambs after colostrum ingestion. Serum zinc and copper serum and colostrum of mothers had a significant positive correlation with the copper concentration in serum of lambs. The mean body mass index (BMI) of mothers 24 hours after delivery was 118.55 ± 24.21 and lambs 24 hours after birth was 39.48 ± 7.67

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the prevalent debilitating diseases in South Africa, often leading to activity limitations, participation restrictions and a poor quality of life. Older people often lead more sedentary lifestyles, which may further aggravate their symptoms. Exercise therapy has demonstrated good outcomes in the OA population. Many dance interventions have become popular in OA treatment and results suggest their effects to be more successful than traditional physiotherapy exercises regimes. Ballet dance exercises have not yet been explored in the treatment of OA, even though it has been proposed to have positive effects on the body. Purpose: to determine the effect of a program of ballet dance exercise classes on BMI, perceived pain, physical function and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee, compared to the existing Midros Clinic program of exercise classes. Methods: The study used a randomized, cross-sectional, quantitative, experimental study using pre- and post-intervention as well as multiple time-point testing. A sample of 52 males and females were recruited in Midros, Middelburg Cape. The inclusion criteria of the study were persons aged 65 years and older, with OA of the hip and/or knee, clinically diagnosed according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. The VAS, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), WOMAC and the SF-8 Index, respectively measured reported perceived pain, physical function, quality of life and health status in the study groups. BMI, pulse and blood pressure were also recorded to further monitor the effects of the interventions. A comparable number of scores were obtained over six weeks of bi-weekly ballet exercise classes (intervention group = IG), and nine weeks of two-weekly exercise classes at the Midros Clinic (comparison group = CG). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the demographic information and inferential statistics were used to determine the associations for parametric data; a two tailed p-value was calculated; the 95% CI was calculated using the approximation of Katz. The p-value was classified as significant if p<0.05. Results: The demographics and baseline measurements of the IG and CG were comparable. A series of five exercise classes (over nine weeks) had a significantly beneficial effect on BMI and systolic BP, perceived and actual physical function, and QOL, whereas a series of 12 ballet exercise classes ( over six weeks) had a significant positive effect on BMI and diastolic BP, perceived pain, perceived physical function, and QOL. The comparison of responses to the outcome measures by male and female participants demonstrated that, contrary to findings in the reviewed literature, females held more positive perceptions than males on their perceived severity of joint pain and function, physical and mental health, and well being. A series of the existing exercise classes of Midros Clinic brought about more significant changes than a program of ballet exercise classes in the research parameters measured, despite exercise classes taking place much less frequently than the ballet classes. Conclusion: Although both interventions were found to both bring about positive changes in older persons with OA, a series of ballet exercises classes did not result in better outcomes than the currently existing Midros Clinic group exercise classes. The results of the current study demonstrate that exercise interventions are found to be the most beneficial in improving the quality of life of OA sufferers.

Since no lean body mass (LBM) index was available for women, the purpose of the present study was to use the formula of Behnke et al. in the calculation of an LBM Index for women.

Individuals with weight statuses approaching obesity may be at risk for chronic health problems. Diet, weight, health behaviors, level of knowledge, and attitudes or perceptions have been identified as key factors influencing body weight. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors were related to BMI in adults in north Mississippi and to determine if there were relationships between those factors. A telephone survey was conducted with 500 participants (mean age 46.3 ± 18.5). The average BMI was 27.5 ± 6.2 kg/m2. Knowledge and attitude/perception-based data were associated with a higher BMI in the population more than dietary behaviors. Significant correlations (p < .05) existed between fried food consumption and knowledge of overweight and obesity consequences, dietary attitudes and fruit and vegetable intake and fried food intake, self-reported risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and perception of health.

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No description available.

Introduction Obesity is a risk factor for abnormal metabolic conditions including hypertension, high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The varying prevalence patterns of these metabolic conditions stratified by body mass index (BMI) among individuals lacking awareness of their disease status is poorly explored. Methods The study data was from the U.S. CDC 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included participants aged ≥20 years who had completed examinations for blood pressure and BMI, laboratory tests for blood sugar and cholesterol, and interviews for demographics and other related health issues. Individuals lacking a formal diagnosis from a health professional were referred to as undiagnosed. The weighted prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for total T2D, hypertension, and high cholesterol and total abnormal metabolic items by BMI within each subgroup were calculated. Similar calculations were also applied to undiagnosed participants. By treating BMI < 25 as the reference, the proportional test was used to identify if significant prevalence existed in two comparisons:overweight vs. BMI < 25 and obese vs. BMI < 25. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant Results and Conclusions The overall weighted prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and overall abnormal metabolic conditions were 16.1%, 60.3%, 57.5% and 76.3%, respectively while the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and abnormal metabolic condition are 8.8%, 11.3%, 16.8% and 30.2%, respectively. A higher prevalence of T2D existed in individuals with BMI25≤BMI≤30 among black adults (18.4% vs. 16.2%). Similar differences were also observed among undiagnosed black participants with BMI < 25 (12.1% vs. 7.5%). The prevalence of total and undiagnosed hypertension increased with BMI although prevalence was lower in the undiagnosed population. Our study findings reveal that while a higher proportion of obese individuals have chronic conditions, a large proportion of normal weight individuals are similarly burdened. The prevalence estimates of individuals with at least one undiagnosed abnormal metabolic condition indicates a need for expanded screening campaigns. Additionally, the higher prevalence of T2D among normal weight warrants further research to identify potential drivers. Although efforts to manage and control these conditions must continue to have a heightened focus on obese individuals, it must also broaden its scope to target normal weight individuals and develop strategies to decrease the proportion of U.S adults without awareness of their disease status.

No description available.

Three-dimensional (3D) whole body scanners are increasingly used as precise measuring tools for the rapid quantification of anthropometric measures in epidemiological studies. We analyzed 3D whole body scanning data of nearly 10,000 participants of a cohort collected from the adult population of Leipzig, one of the largest cities in Eastern Germany. We present a novel approach for the systematic analysis of this data which aims at identifying distinguishable clusters of body shapes called body types. In the first step, our method aggregates body measures provided by the scanner into meta-measures, each representing one relevant dimension of the body shape. In a next step, we stratified the cohort into body types and assessed their stability and dependence on the size of the underlying cohort. Using self-organizing maps (SOM) we identified thirteen robust meta-measures and fifteen body types comprising between 1 and 18 percent of the total cohort size. Thirteen of them are virtually gender specific (six for women and seven for men) and thus reflect most abundant body shapes of women and men. Two body types include both women and men, and describe androgynous body shapes that lack typical gender specific features. The body types disentangle a large variability of body shapes enabling distinctions which go beyond the traditional indices such as body mass index, the waist-to-height ratio, the waist-to-hip ratio and the mortality-hazard ABSI-index. In a next step, we will link the identified body types with disease predispositions to study how size and shape of the human body impact health and disease.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified variants within the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) locus as the strongest predictors of obesity amongst all obesity-associated gene loci. Recent evidence suggests that variants in FTO directly affect human adipocyte function through targeting IRX3 and IRX5 and thermogenesis regulation. Aim: We addressed the relevance of this proposed FTO-IRX pathway in adipose tissue (AT) of children. Results: Expression of IRX3 was higher in adipocytes compared to SVF. We found increased adipocyte-specific expression of IRX3 and IRX5 with the presence of the FTO risk haplotype in lean children, whereas it was unaffected by risk variants in obese peers. We further show that IRX3 expression was elevated in isolated adipocytes and AT of lean compared to obese children, particularly in UCP1-negative adipocytes, and inversely correlated with BMI SDS. Independent of BMI, IRX3 expression in adipocytes was significantly related to adipocyte hypertrophy, and subsequent associations with AT inflammation and HOMA-IR in the children. Conclusion: One interpretation of our observation of FTO risk variants linked to IRX3 expression and adipocyte size restricted to lean children, along with the decreased IRX3 expression in obese compared to lean peers, may reflect a defense mechanism for protecting body-weight, which is pertinent for lean children.