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The participation of the Zulus in the Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902Maphalala, Simon Jabulani January 1978 (has links)
submitted in fulfilment or partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History of the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1978. / In order to understand the Zulu participation in the AngloBoer
War and the Holkrantz murder in May 1902, it is essential
to trace in broad outline the attitude of the Zulus
towards the white settlers in Natal. the Governmell~ of Natal,
the British Government and the Government of the S.A. Republic
or those subjects of the Transvaal and Natal who becarne
involved in the internal faction struggles in Zululand.
The matter will only become intelligible by explaining the complexity
of those policies which evolved from such contacts
from the time of the arrival of the first white settlers in
1824 to the outbreak of the War in 1899.
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The Natal Afrikaner and The Anglo-Boer WarWassermann, Johannes Michiel 07 March 2006 (has links)
The invasion by the Boers of Natal set a process in motion that changed the lives of Natal Afrikaners forever. As a group which shared family, cultural, and other ties with the invaders, but were British subjects by citizenship, they had to make a difficult decision: join the Republican forces or remain loyal to the crown. Factors which influenced this decision, amongst others, were the pre-war suspicion of all Natal Afrikaners by the Natal authorities and the prevalence of a general anti-Republican sentiment. Despite the above-mentioned, and the sympathy which existed for the plight of the Republics, very few Natal Afrikaners joined the commandos. Doing that would have meant economic annihilation. This the Natal Afrikaners understood and the majority remained neutral. Matters were complicated when the British Army and the colonial authorities withdrew south, leaving especially the Afrikaners of the Klip River county unprotected. When occupation did not convince the Afrikaners of the area to join, a well-thought out strategy based upon fear and misinformation, brought most into the fray. Duty on these commandoes was generally slack, subversive in nature, and as much as one can expect from people forced into military combat. A small group, however, managed, despite the pressures placed upon them, to remain loyal to Britain. For these loyalists the greatest rewards were in terms of economics and power. In stark contrasts were the economic experiences of the Natal Afrikaners who were somehow, either directly or indirectly, guilty of high treason. All their possessions were systematically looted or destroyed, leaving most of them in an impoverished state. Secondly, through a range of court cases 409 Natal Afrikaners or associated people were convicted of treason, mostly by the purposefully introduced Special Court and special magistrate. The outlined experiences coincided with victimization on socio-political and cultural levels under Martial Law. Afrikaners resident in the southern part of Natal, and especially in Umvoti county, did not suffer directly because of the war but experienced a different kind of war namely a pseudo war in which they were spied upon, viewed with suspicion and under Martial Law harassed. However, these Afrikaners managed to maintain some political power while economically they carried on as before the war. They attempted to use these assets to assist the Afrikaners who had to endure desertion by their own government and Boer occupation. Natal Afrikaners also experienced other aspects of the war normally associated with the Republics. Some were arrested as POWs, while others were deported to concentration camps within the Colony. Furthermore, as a result of the war, relations between Natal Afrikaners and English colonists and Africans suffered. The collective impact and legacy of the war, as well as the shared experiences of suffering under the British, with their Republican brothers and sisters, eventually helped to bring Natal Afrikaners into the broader Afrikaner fold. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted
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Die ontwikkeling van 'n elektroniese genealogiese databasis van burgerlike sterftes tydens die Anglo-Boereoorlog 1899-1902 / deur Elizabeth Connie Celesté Reynolds (néé Aucamp)Reynolds, Elizabeth Connie Celesté January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.
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Die ontwikkeling van 'n elektroniese genealogiese databasis van burgerlike sterftes tydens die Anglo-Boereoorlog 1899-1902 / deur Elizabeth Connie Celesté Reynolds (néé Aucamp)Reynolds, Elizabeth Connie Celesté January 2007 (has links)
Much has been written on the Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902. Different themes, ranging from battles to more personal experiences, have been documented.
Furthermore there are many statistics regarding the war. The aim of this study is to obtain, through the existing sources, the total number of civilian deaths during the Anglo- Boer war. To compile a genealogical database regarding the civilian deaths is not an easy task. Almost all sources have conflicting figures regarding the number of civilians who actually died. Deaths were not restricted to the concentration camps. There were also those of people on their way to the camps, or those fleeing from captivity. The aim of this study is to give an account of the process used to compile the genealogical database. By putting certain criteria in place the database should be stripped of any duplication. The reasons for [him concentration camps being created, and the number of camps that came into existence, including the total of deaths with unique abstracts from the database, are described in detail. There is confusion about the terms "refugee" and concentration camps. This is clarified. A brief explanation is given of how, where and when the camps came into being. The number of camps, and their period of existence, as well as the total numbers of civilian deaths in the camps, were compiled in an effort to secure greater accuracy. With the relevant support of information from the electronic database, it was possible to compile a comprehensive picture of the numbers of deaths that occurred. There are furthermore, some observations on the spelling of surnames. It is important because the use of Afrikaans, Dutch and English has led to different forms of spelling. The core objective of this study was to find the exact number of civilian deaths during the Anglo-Boer War. The penultimate chapter is a detailed explanation of related deaths. A list containing the main causes of deaths, mainly disease, is included. The number of deaths is tabulated in terms of their causes. It is possible to see the profound impact of what really happened. Information of unique deaths, deaths in certain families, as well as statistics regarding the overall age and gender of victims is included. Another aim of the study was to compile a complete list of all the civilians who died during the Anglo Boer War, more complete and with more detail than that of P.L.A. Goldman. This was indeed an overwhelming exercise. P.L.A. Goldman had a total of 27 927 names and the database total account for 33 978 individual deaths. Included are the 759 names of black names as compiled by S.V. Kessler. Hopefully the database will succeed in bringing us closer to the civilian deaths during 1899-1902. It should be useful to genealogical researchers. / Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.
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Die ontwikkeling van 'n elektroniese genealogiese databasis van burgerlike sterftes tydens die Anglo-Boereoorlog 1899-1902 / deur Elizabeth Connie Celesté Reynolds (néé Aucamp)Reynolds, Elizabeth Connie Celesté January 2007 (has links)
Much has been written on the Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902. Different themes, ranging from battles to more personal experiences, have been documented.
Furthermore there are many statistics regarding the war. The aim of this study is to obtain, through the existing sources, the total number of civilian deaths during the Anglo- Boer war. To compile a genealogical database regarding the civilian deaths is not an easy task. Almost all sources have conflicting figures regarding the number of civilians who actually died. Deaths were not restricted to the concentration camps. There were also those of people on their way to the camps, or those fleeing from captivity. The aim of this study is to give an account of the process used to compile the genealogical database. By putting certain criteria in place the database should be stripped of any duplication. The reasons for [him concentration camps being created, and the number of camps that came into existence, including the total of deaths with unique abstracts from the database, are described in detail. There is confusion about the terms "refugee" and concentration camps. This is clarified. A brief explanation is given of how, where and when the camps came into being. The number of camps, and their period of existence, as well as the total numbers of civilian deaths in the camps, were compiled in an effort to secure greater accuracy. With the relevant support of information from the electronic database, it was possible to compile a comprehensive picture of the numbers of deaths that occurred. There are furthermore, some observations on the spelling of surnames. It is important because the use of Afrikaans, Dutch and English has led to different forms of spelling. The core objective of this study was to find the exact number of civilian deaths during the Anglo-Boer War. The penultimate chapter is a detailed explanation of related deaths. A list containing the main causes of deaths, mainly disease, is included. The number of deaths is tabulated in terms of their causes. It is possible to see the profound impact of what really happened. Information of unique deaths, deaths in certain families, as well as statistics regarding the overall age and gender of victims is included. Another aim of the study was to compile a complete list of all the civilians who died during the Anglo Boer War, more complete and with more detail than that of P.L.A. Goldman. This was indeed an overwhelming exercise. P.L.A. Goldman had a total of 27 927 names and the database total account for 33 978 individual deaths. Included are the 759 names of black names as compiled by S.V. Kessler. Hopefully the database will succeed in bringing us closer to the civilian deaths during 1899-1902. It should be useful to genealogical researchers. / Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.
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Boerkriget och Kilcullen : En analys av Kilcullens COIN teorier på boerkriget 1899- 1902Olsen, Daniel January 2013 (has links)
Syftet med denna analys är att främja COIN teorier (counter insurgency) som applicerats som en upprorsåtgärd under boerkrigen. Uppsatsens fokus kommer vara på vikten av dynamiken inom COIN teorierna. Begreppet omfattar åtgärder som vidtas av regeringen i en nation kring hanteringen av uppror. I denna analys kommer även viktiga aspekter av David Kilcullens syn på just teorierna inom COIN och dess användande i boerkrigen att granskas. Kilcullens teorier kring COIN fokuserar främst på den mänskliga säkerheten. Således är det möjligt att påstå att denna analys kommer främst att fokusera på de kritiska boerförhållanden som rått i Sydafrika. Processen utgår bland annat ifrån en kvalitativ textanalys av litteratur som beskriver skeendet. Teorin om kulturskillnader ger ett antal nyckelindikatorer samt källor som används i analysen av materialet. Resultatet visar att det taktiska beslutsfattandet under striderna främst baserades på nyttjande av COIN. Slutligen förs ett resonemang kring teorins taktiska handlande och nytta, samt huruvida analysen visar på gynnande eller destruktiva faktorer i vald taktik av upprorsbekämpning. / The purpose of this analysis is to promote the COIN theories that were applied as a single insurgency operation during the Boer Wars. The essential dynamics of COIN (counter insurgency) will be considered as the analysis also includes actions taken by a nation´s government to contain or suppress counterinsurgency. As well as key aspects of David Kilcullens analysis being specifically concentrated on the COIN theories and its use in the Anglo-Boer Wars, Kilcullens COIN theories also focuses on human security. This analysis will mainly focus on the critical Boer wars taking place in South Africa. It also contemplates the question of why modern COIN theory was considered an alternative in the Anglo-Boer Wars. The process is based on a qualitative textual analysis of relevant literature that vividly describes the action of the war. The theory of cultural differences provides a number of key indicators and sources used in the analysis of the material. The results show that the tactical decision-making used during the conflict was mainly based on COIN theories. Furthermore, a discussion of the operational theory and its usefulness will be presented in this analysis, and whether the analysis identifies a beneficial or destructive scene of chosen COIN tactics.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of different extenders of goat buck semen under refrigerated conditions.Ajao, Olumide Adewale 14 October 2015 (has links)
MSCAGR (Animal Science) / Department of Animal Science
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Genetic characterization of commercial goat populations in South AfricaPieters, Anelle 29 July 2008 (has links)
A genetic study of four commercial goat breeds in South Africa was performed using microsatellite markers. The commercial breeds included the Boer goat, Savanna, Kalahari Red and the Angora goat. Indigenous goat populations from Delftzijl and Groblersdal were also included in this study. Seventeen microsatellite markers were tested to determine the genetic variation. Genetic variation within the breeds were relatively high with heterozygosity values ranging from 57% for the Boer goat, 68% for the Kalahari Red, 69% for the Savanna goats and 70% for the Angora goats. First values indicated that the Savanna and Boer goat are genetically the closest (0.114), while the Kalahari Red and Boer goat are the least related (0.237). Phenotypic measurements included height, length, depth, heart girth, pelvic length and width for a phenotypic description. Significant differences were observed in the phenotypic measurements among all the breeds. The genetic and phenotypic differences indicate that these goats can be distinguished as different breeds. Results of this study contribute genotypic information of the commercial goats in South Africa. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted
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The use of historical photographs as source for cultural histor : the Sammy Marks photograph collectionMalan, Andre January 1996 (has links)
During his sojourn on earth man leaves traces behind. Subsequent generations can
follow these traces through research in order to find out more about his forebears. The
term document can be interpreted much wider than referring to written material so that
different types of material can serve as source from which this knowledge can be
drawn. Pictorial sources is one subsection underneath which photographic material in
turn resorts.
This study looks at the use of historical photographs as source from which the cultural
historian can draw information .. Historical photographs are often merely seen and used
as illustration material while they are sources in own right. It is the only source which
captures and eternalises a moment in time visually.
Unfortunately it is still a human with all his faults and deficiencies who stands behind
the camera. That means that although the photograph as source is generally speaking
very reliable and objective, historical criticism still has to be applied. To err is human,
over and above wilful misrepresentation. Furthermore there are certain pitfalls and
limitations inherent to the photograph.
At the Sammy Marks Museum just east of Pretoria, a large collection of photographs
has been preserved which shows the everyday life of the Marks family over a long
period of time. By examining these photographs a clear picture can be formed of the
everyday life of a well-to-do Victorian family in the Transvaal during the period 1890
to 1920. The actual images captured by the camera tell the story of these people's weal
and woe like words cannot do.
No source can be all-revealing .on its own. The photographs and the information drawn
from them, are supported and confirmed by references and quotations from the personal
correspondence of the family of which much has also been preserved. It is kept at the
University of Cape Town. The biography of Sammy Marks by Richard Mendelsohn
(Cape Town, 1991) as well as other literary sources has been studied and applied.
The study also contains a broad background sketch of the period and its spirit. By
making comparisons between the findings about the lives of Sammy Marks and his
family and what is known generally about the people of the time, one can see to what
degree they conformed or differed. The development of photography itself is also.
briefly discussed. The historical photographs which were preserved by the Marks family, serve as
example of how valuable such photographs are for our knowledge and the eventual
reconstruction of the past. Without them the task of the physical restoration of the
house, outbuildings and garden to their original shape would have been much more
difficult. At the same time and even more important, they breathe life into the house
through the information they contain about the people who used to inhabit it. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1996. / gm2014 / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted
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The digestibility and degradability of feeds and protein sources in Dohne merino sheep and boer goatsVisagie, Willem 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate Dohne Merino sheep and Boer goats in terms of the
degradable parameters of a high-fibre diet, a low-fibre diet and two vegetable protein sources
commonly used in South Africa. Differences between species were evaluated following the potential
differences within species. The feedstuffs used were those for the following diets: low-fibre diet (LF);
high-fibre diet (HF); sunflower meal (SFM) oilcake; and soybean meal (SBM) oilcake.
In the first trial, the digestible characteristics of the HF and LF diets were determined by means of a
digestibility study. A 6 × 6 Latin square design was used to determine whether Dohne Merino sheep
or Boer goat wethers differ regarding the digestibility characteristics of low- and high-fibre diets. The
diets were fed once daily at 1.24 kg to all the wethers, which had ad libitum access to fresh water.
Each period consisted of 10 days of adaptation and seven days of faecal and urinary sampling. The
results indicated that the intake and digestibility characteristics of nutrients did not differ between
sheep and goats. However, the different diets differed in terms of the nutrient intake and digestibility
range of sheep and goats.
The second trial was an in sacco degradability trial to determine the dry matter (DM) and crude protein
(CP) degradability of the LF, HF, SBM and SFM diets. Six Dohne Merino and six Boer goat wethers
were fitted with rumen cannulae so that they could be used in the trial. All wethers received the same
basal diet. The samples were incubated in the rumen in polyester Dacron bags, with the bags being
removed at intervals of 0h, 3h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h for the LF and HF diets. All the
oilcake was removed at intervals of 0h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 16h, 24h, 36h and 48h. The sheep and goats
were found not to differ from one another in terms of effective degradability of any of the feedstuffs
concerned. However, within species differences were observed.
To establish a fully integrated outcome of degradability, the study described in the current thesis was
structured in such a way that the in vitro trial ran parallel with the in sacco trial, being performed with
the aid of a Daisy Incubator (ANKOM Technology Corp., Fairport, NY). Such a procedure was only
adopted in relation to the SFM and SBM diets in order to evaluate their in vitro data in relation to the in
sacco data. The same oilcake was tested in the case of both trials, with the composite sample of
rumen liquid of four sheep or goats, which was used in the in sacco trial, also being used in the in vitro
study. In the study, DM disappearance values were determined and fitted to a single-compartment
model by means of an iterative least-square procedure in order to determine the DM and CP
degradability parameters. The DM used in vitro or in sacco was compared, using the actual values
obtained after 8h incubation, due to only a limited amount of residue being left after incubation. In the study, the in vitro method overestimated the digestibility of SBM by 37% to 39% and the digestibility of
SFM by 17% to 20% compared with that found to occur in the in sacco method. In vitro DM
disappearance values for all SBM samples were found to be higher than those that were detected in
the SFM samples. The percentage of in vitro true digestibility parameters was also calculated. No
significant differences were found between species for effective degradability, though differences were
observed within species between the two substrates concerned.
In conclusion, the sheep and goats used in the study were not found to differ in terms of digestion
parameters when they were compared on different types of roughage or protein sources. However,
within species differences were, indeed, found to occur. Sheep and goats digested the SBM better
than they did the SFM. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of Dohne Merino skape verskil van Boerbokke in terme
van degradeerbaarheidsparameters van ‘n hoë vesel-, ‘n lae veseldieët en twee plantaardige
proteïenbronne wat algemeen in Suid-Afrika gebruik word. Die verskille tussen spesies is ge-evalueer
en daarna die potensiële verskille binne spesies. Die volgende grondstowwe is geëvalueer: ‘n
laevesel-dieët (LF), ‘n hoëvesel-dieët (HF), sonneblom-oliekoekmeel (SFM) en sojaboon-oliekoekmeel
(SBM).
In die eerste proef is die degradeerbaarheidsparameters van die HF dieët en die LF dieët met behulp
van ‘n verteerbaarheidstudie bepaal. Dohne Merino hamels of Boerbok kapaters was gebruik om te
bepaal of skape en bokke verskil in terme van inname en degradeerbaarheid van voedingstowwe
wanneer hul hoë- en lae vesel voere gevoer word. Al die hamels en kapaters het ad libitum toegang
tot vars water gehad en hul was een keer per dag (1.24 kg) gevoer. Elke periode het bestaan uit ‘n 10
dag aanpassingsperiode en ‘n toegelate 7 dae vir mis- en urienmonster versameling. Die resultate het
aangedui dat die inname- en degradeerbaarheidsparameters van nutriënte beinvloed word deur
verskillende diëte binne spesies. Geen verskille is gevind tussen spesies wanneer daar hoë- en lae
kwaliteit voere gevoer is nie.
Die tweede proef was ‘n in sacco-degradeerbaarheidsstudie om te bepaal wat die droë materiaal
(DM) en ruproteïen (RP) verteerbaarheidsparameters van die HF dieët, die LF dieët, die SBM en die
SFM is. Ses Dohne Merino’s en ses Boer bokke met rumen kanullas is in die studie gebruik en al die
diere het dieselfde basale dieët ontvang. Die monsters is in die rumen geïnkubeer in poliester
dakronsakkies en die sakkies is verwyder na onderskeidelik 0 uur, 3 uur, 9 uur, 12 uur, 24 uur, 48 uur,
72 uur en 96 uur intervalle. Laasgenoemde intervalle was geldig vir die lae vesel- en hoëveseldieët.
Die oliekoeke se intervalle het verskil en is verwyder na 0 uur, 2 uur, 4 uur, 8 uur, 12 uur, 16 uur, 24
uur, 36 uur en 48 uur. Daar was geen verskille tussen spesies in effektiewe degradeerbaarheid nie,
alhoewel verskille voorgekom het binne spesies. Skape verteer veselagtige grondstowwe meer
effektief terwyl bokke weer hoë proteïn bevattende grondstowwe beter verteer.
Om ‘n volkome geïntegreede uitkoms van degradeerbaarheid te bewerkstellig is die in vitro proef en
die in sacco proef gelyktydig gedoen. Die in vitro-degradeerbareheidstudie is met behulp van ‘n
ANKOM Daisy Inkubeerder uitgevoer (ANKOM Tegnologie Korp., Fairport, NY) vir net die oliekoek
behandelings. Gedurende die studie is dieselfde oliekoeke gebruik. ‘n Saamgestelde monster van
die rumenvloeistof van vier van die skape of bokke wat vir die in sacco-studie gebruik was, is gebruik
vir die in vitro-inkubasie van die monsters. DM verdwyningparameters is bereken en dan met ‘n
interaktiewe kleinste kwadraat prosedure op ‘n een-kompartement model gepas om die in sacco DMdegradeerbaarheidsparameters
te bepaal. Die DM verdwyning, na 8h inkubasie, was gebruik om die in vitro en die in sacco metodes met mekaar te vergelyk, weens ‘n beperkte residu na die afloop van
die elke inkubasiestudie. Tydens die studie het die in vitro metode degradering oorskat in vergelyking
met die in sacco metode. DM verdwyningswaardes vir al die SBM monsters was hoër in vitro as die
SFM monsters. In die studie is die persentasie in vitro ware degradeerbaarheidswaardes bereken.
Geen verskille is opgemerk tussen spesies vir effektiewe degradeerbaarheid nie. Daar was wel
verskille binne spesies.
Om af te sluit het dit voorgekom dat skape en bokke nie verskil aan degradeerbaarheidswaardes
wanneer daar ‘n vergelyking was tussen verskillende vesels- en proteϊenbronne nie, alhoewel verskille
voorgekom het binne spesies. Skape en bokke het SBM effektief beter verteer as SFM.
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