nÃo hà / A privatizaÃÃo iniciada na dÃcada de 90 teve no setor de energia elÃtrica, que tem caracterÃsticas de monopÃlio natural nos segmentos de transmissÃo e distribuiÃÃo, o seu grande impulsionador. Junto a essas privatizaÃÃes veio a necessidade da regulaÃÃo do setor elÃtrico, de forma a beneficiar nÃo sà o consumidor como tambÃm as empresas que nele estavam investindo. Para conseguir esse fim os ÃrgÃos reguladores se utilizam de mecanismos de regulaÃÃo tarifÃria na maioria das vezes jà existentes em outros paÃses. No Brasil podemos citar o price-caps, ou preÃo teto, com um dos mecanismos adotados pela ANEEL ÃrgÃo regulador brasileiro. Esse trabalho por sua vez se baseia na teoria de preÃos de Ramsey- Boiteux para o monopÃlio natural de distribuiÃÃo de energia elÃtrica no Estado do Cearà dividido em dois mercados: o residencial e o nÃo-residencial. Sabemos das limitaÃÃes dessa teoria, mas sua aplicaÃÃo à bastante ampla e crescente nÃo se limitando apenas a serviÃos pÃblicos. Pode ser aplicada a economias de mercado e estende-se inclusive a organizaÃÃes com propÃsitos nÃo-lucrativos, que teriam como restriÃÃo na sua funÃÃo-objetivo um eventual lucro negativo, em vez de lucro zero ou lucro competitivo, atendendo dessa forma a questÃes de eficiÃncia alocativa como condiÃÃo bÃsica na consecuÃÃo de seus objetivos. / The privatization process initiated in the 90âs had in the sector of electric energy, which has characteristics of natural monopoly in the transmission and distribution sectors, its great booster. These privatizations brought together the need of the regulation of the electric sector, in a way to benefit not only the consumer, but also the companies that were investing on the consumer. To accomplish this objective, the regulating agencies use several tax regulation mechanisms. One example in Brazil is the price-caps, as one of the mechanisms adopted by the ANEEL - The Brazilian regulating agency. This article is based on the Ramsey-Boiteuxâs theory of prices for the natural monopoly of distribution of electric energy in the State of the Cearà divided in two markets: residential and non-residential market. Despite the difficulties of this theory, its application is wide and increasing and it is limited to public services. It may be applied to market economies and may be extended to non-profit organizations, which would have as a constraint in its objective function, a possible negative profit, instead of null profit or competitive profit, which is in accordance with the issues of allocative efficiency as a basic condition to the achievement of its objectives.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Le tapis de pression est utilisé depuis 2000 pour analyser la marche chez l’homme mais seulement depuis 2004 chez le chien. Objectif : la codifier l’utilisation du système GAITRite® pour analyser la marche chez les chiens sains et pathologiques ; l’obtenir des bases de données concernant les paramètres spatio-temporels ainsi que cinétique lors de la marche de chiens sains de taille différente ; déterminer des modifications de ces paramètres selon les affections spontanées ou induites ; aider au diagnostic lors de consultation des animaux boiteux et évaluer le suivi de traitements médicaux ou chirurgicaux. Les résultats obtenus montrent que ce système est capable de fournir efficacement les paramètres spatio-temporels, ainsi que la qualification de l’appui des quatre membres en un même cycle, sur plusieurs foulées consécutives. Les conditions expérimentales de l’utilisation du tapis de pression sont les mêmes pour les appuis des quatre membres lors d’un même test, ainsi des comparaisons entre membres peuvent être raisonnablement réalisées alors que les systèmes à un plateau de force ne le permettent pas. Les calculs de ratio antérieur/postérieur et de symétrie gauche/droite facilitent l’interprétation des valeurs des différents paramètres de la marche du chien et permettent de faire rapidement une distinction entre un chien sain et un chien boiteux. Nous avons montré qu’il était possible d’effectuer le suivi de traitements chirurgicaux et d'évaluer l’efficacité de biomatériaux implantables pour la réparation du nerf péronier chez le chien. De ce travail, une approche particulière et unique de l’analyse de la marche chez les quadrupèdes est proposée. Elle offre la possibilité d’obtenir efficacement les paramètres spatio-temporels de l’appui des 4 membres de la marche aussi bien chez le chien sain que chez ceux présentant des affections locomotrices précoces, discrètes ou provoquées / Pressure walkway was used for gait analysis in human since 2000 but only for a few years in dog. This thesis was proposed with the intension: to codify its utilization for walking analysis in healthy and pathological dogs; to obtain databases concerning spatial and temporal parameters as well as pressure parameter for 4 feet during walking in healthy dog of size difference; to define the variations according to the affections; to verify the assistance with the diagnosis during consultation orthopedic and to determine the performances of this material were also used to evaluate the follow-up of medical or surgical treatment.The advantages of this system were to be able to obtain the spatio-temporal parameters as well as qualification the support of 4 feet in the same cycle, on several consecutive strides. Contrary to a force platform, the experimental conditions during the use of the pressure walkway was the same for the supports of 4 feet during the same test, moreover the comparisons between foots can be reasonably realized. Calculations of the ratio fore/hind and the symmetry left/right helped more easily to walking analysis in dog and make it possible to quickly discriminate a healthy or a lame dog. This particular approach of walking analysis in the quadrupeds is unique, it was validated during this work by showing its power for the spatial, temporal characterization of the support of the 4 feet during walking in the large and small healthy dog as well as the dog presenting of the locomotors affections spontaneous or models induced for experimental

This dissertation details regulation's impact in networked markets, notably in deregulated electricity and internet service markets. These markets represent basic infrastructure in the modern economy; their innate networked structures make for rich fields of economic research on regulatory impact. The first chapter models deregulated electricity industries with a focus on the Texas market. Optimal economic benchmarks are considered for markets with regulated delivery and interrelated network costs. Using a model of regulator, consumer, and firm interaction, I determine the efficiency of the current rate formalization compared to Ramsey-Boiteux prices and two-part tariffs. I find within Texas's market increases to generator surplus up to 55% of subsidies could be achieved under Ramsey-Boiteux pricing or two-part tariffs, respectively. The second chapter presents a framework to analyze dynamic processes and long-run outcomes in two-sided markets, specifically dynamic platform and firm investment incentives within the internet-service platform/content provision market. I use the Ericson-Pakes framework applied within a platform that chooses fees on either side of its two-sided market. This chapter determines the impact of network neutrality on platform investment incentives, specifically whether to improve the platform. I use a parameterized calibration from engineering reports and current ISP literature to determine welfare outcomes and industry behavior under network neutral and non-neutral regimes. My final chapter explores retail firm failure within the deregulated Texas retail electricity market. This chapter investigates determinants of retail electric firm failures using duration analysis frameworks. In particular, this chapter investigates the impact of these determinants on firms with extant experience versus unsophisticated entrants. Understanding these determinants is an important component in evaluating whether deregulation achieves the impetus of competitive electricity market restructuring. Knowing which economic events decrease a market's competitiveness helps regulators to effectively evaluate policy implementations. I find that experience does benefit a firm's duration, but generally that benefit assists firm duration in an adverse macroeconomic environment rather than in response to adverse market conditions such as higher wholesale prices or increased transmission congestion. Additionally, I find evidence that within the Texas market entering earlier results in a longer likelihood of duration. / text