The subject of this diploma thesis is the theoretical basis of the screw connection theory and the subsequent application to the specific screw connection problem. Mentioned connection is part of the turbo charged combustion engine, specifically directly between the cylinder head and the turbocharger. The diploma thesis is divided into several parts. The first part dealing with selected chapters of the screw connections and the combustion engines theory, whose knowledge is important for further chapters of this diploma thesis. The next part shows method of creating the geometric and computational model, on which were performed the appropriate sensory analyses with respect to determine the cause of the nut and bolt loose in the given connection. On the basis of the gained knowledge and their evaluation has been created a separate calculation methodology in the last part of this thesis, which describing parameters that have an impact on this undesirable phenomenon, and which should be included in analyses for similar issues. The diploma thesis was realized in cooperation with ŠKODA Auto a.s., tř. Václav Klementa 869, Mladá Boleslav, and AUDI AG, Union-Straße 1, Ingolstadt.

A utilização de perfis formados a frio na construção metálica no Brasil vem crescendo de forma significativa. Dentro deste mesmo contexto, atenções especiais estão sendo direcionadas às ligações utilizadas neste tipo de perfil, pelo fato de as chapas que as constituem resultarem cada vez mais esbeltas em função da significativa redução na sua espessura (elevada relação largura/espessura). Por esta razão, as ligações em perfis formados a frio têm sido estudadas por pesquisadores, tanto no contexto mundial como no Brasil. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar estudos relacionados às ligações parafusadas em perfis formados a frio, com vistas a avaliar a resistência e o comportamento destas ligações por meio de modelagem numérica, simulando o comportamento estrutural com a utilização do código de cálculo ANSYS v.6.0, elaborado com base nos Métodos dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). No sentido de avaliar a eficiência e a confiabilidade dos modelos elaborados, os resultados numéricos obtidos foram comparados com resultados experimentais obtidos em ensaios, bem como, comparados com resultados numéricos obtidos utilizando-se outros padrões de modelagem. / The use of cold-formed steel members in the steel building in Brazil comes growing of significant form. Inside of the same context, special attentions are being directed to the connections used in the cold-formed steel members, or the fact of the sheets used to this kind of steel members result each time more thin. For this reason the connections in cold-formed steel members have been studied for researchers, as much in the worldwide context as in Brazil. The objective of this work is studies the bolted connections in cold-formed steel member to evaluate the resistance and the behavior of these connections by means of numerical modeling, simulating the structural behavior with the use of the code of calculation ANSYS v.6.0, elaborated based on Finite Element Methods. With the objective to evaluate the efficiency and the trustworthiness of the elaborated model, the numerical results where compare with experimental results gotten in assays, as well as, compared with numerical results gotten using other standards of modeling.

A utilização de perfis formados a frio na construção metálica no Brasil vem crescendo de forma significativa. Dentro deste mesmo contexto, atenções especiais estão sendo direcionadas às ligações utilizadas neste tipo de perfil, pelo fato de as chapas que as constituem resultarem cada vez mais esbeltas em função da significativa redução na sua espessura (elevada relação largura/espessura). Por esta razão, as ligações em perfis formados a frio têm sido estudadas por pesquisadores, tanto no contexto mundial como no Brasil. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar estudos relacionados às ligações parafusadas em perfis formados a frio, com vistas a avaliar a resistência e o comportamento destas ligações por meio de modelagem numérica, simulando o comportamento estrutural com a utilização do código de cálculo ANSYS v.6.0, elaborado com base nos Métodos dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). No sentido de avaliar a eficiência e a confiabilidade dos modelos elaborados, os resultados numéricos obtidos foram comparados com resultados experimentais obtidos em ensaios, bem como, comparados com resultados numéricos obtidos utilizando-se outros padrões de modelagem. / The use of cold-formed steel members in the steel building in Brazil comes growing of significant form. Inside of the same context, special attentions are being directed to the connections used in the cold-formed steel members, or the fact of the sheets used to this kind of steel members result each time more thin. For this reason the connections in cold-formed steel members have been studied for researchers, as much in the worldwide context as in Brazil. The objective of this work is studies the bolted connections in cold-formed steel member to evaluate the resistance and the behavior of these connections by means of numerical modeling, simulating the structural behavior with the use of the code of calculation ANSYS v.6.0, elaborated based on Finite Element Methods. With the objective to evaluate the efficiency and the trustworthiness of the elaborated model, the numerical results where compare with experimental results gotten in assays, as well as, compared with numerical results gotten using other standards of modeling.

Complex systems composed of many substructures include various structural joints connecting the substructures together. These mechanical connections play a significant role in predicting the dynamic characteristics of the assembled systems accurately. Therefore, equivalent dynamic models of joints that consist of stiffness and damping elements should be developed and the joint parameters should be determined for an accurate vibration analysis. Since it is difficult to estimate joint parameters accurately by using a pure analytical approach, it is a general practice to use experimental measurements to model joints connecting substructures. In this study an experimental identification method is suggested. In this approach the frequency response functions (FRFs) of substructures and the coupled structure are measured and FRF decoupling method is used to identify equivalent dynamic characteristics of bolted joints. Since rotational degrees of freedom (RDOF) in connection dynamics is very important, a structural joint is modeled with translational, rotational and cross-coupling stiffness and damping terms. FRF synthesis and finite-difference formulations are used for the estimation of unmeasured FRFs and RDOF related FRFs, respectively. The validity and application of the proposed method are demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. In simulation studies, simulated experimental values are used, and it is seen that the identification results are prone to high errors due to noise in measurement and the matrix inversions in the identification equations. In order to reduce the effect of noise, it is proposed to extract the joint properties by taking the average of the results obtained at several frequencies in the frequency regions sensitive to joint parameters. Yet, it is observed in practical applications that experimental errors combine with the measurement noise and the identification results still may not be so accurate. In order to solve this problem, an update algorithm is developed. In the approach proposed, the identified dynamic parameters are used as initial estimates and then optimum dynamic parameters representing the joint are obtained by using an optimization algorithm. The application of the proposed method is performed on a bolted assembly. It is shown with experimental studies that this method is very successful in identifying bolted joint parameters. The accuracy and applicability of the identification method suggested are illustrated by using a dynamically identified bolt in a new structure, and showing that the calculated FRFs in which identified joint parameters are used, match perfectly with the measured ones for the new structure. In this study, the effects of bolt size and quality of bolts, as well as the bolt torque on the joint properties are also studied by making a series of experiments and identifying the joint parameters for each case.

The early detection of damage of in-service structural or mechanical systems is of vital importance. With early detection, the damage may be repaired before the integrity of the system is jeopardized, avoiding possible monetary losses, environmental impacts, injury and death. With this goal in mind, many structural health monitoring techniques have been developed which use a combination of sensors and algorithms to collect, process and interpret data to detect damage in a structure. This thesis presents work completed in support of the experimental validation of a novel structural health monitoring technique developed with the aim of providing improved qualitative results compared to those methods currently available.

The investigation contained herein is a part of a larger, long-term project: The Development of SMART Aircraft Bolts. Structural failures, at highly stressed components, arc common in some of the aircraft used by the South African Air force. The strength of one such component, the wing bolts on the C-130 aircraft, is analysed and compared to the stress distribution in a bolt which has a small hole drilled through the centre of the bolt (which will be used to insert a sensing device). The results of this analysis will be used as input into further phases of the project, e.g., SMART material selection and the development of sensing devices. Due to the complex physics of a bolted joint, advanced analysis of the bolt under conservative loading was performed, after conducting thorough research into bolted joint design and analysis methods, in order to provoke the final recommendations. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

Aviation is known to have some of the most stringent structural health monitoring standards in the world. An example of this would be the fact that certain bolts in the aircraft assembly must be periodically removed and inspected for fatigue damage. This can be a very costly endeavour: a case in point being the Hercules C130 aircraft, which requires approximately 200 man hours of down-time for the inspection of the bolts that attach the wings to the fuselage. The substitution of TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel bolts for the current HSLA steel (AISI 4340) from which the bolts are manufactured, allows the bolt to act in the capacity of load bearing member as well as damage detector. This unique feature is a consequence of the transformation characteristic exhibited by TRIP steels when they are strained: an irreversible change within their microstructure from paramagnetic austenite parent phase to permanent ferromagnetic state occurs in direct proportion to the peak strain. This property allows us to establish a relationship from which the service life of the component can be determined. A prototype of a smart aircraft bolt and washer system has been developed, where the bolt acts as damage detector and the washer effectively examines the health of the bolt by reading the changing magnetic susceptibility of the bolt. This study presents both material development and product development phases of the Smart Aircraft Bolt prototype. A prediction of transformation characteristic due to deformation is carried out using finite element analysis (mechanical model) and a constitutive model (strain induced martensitic transformation kinetics) to predict the best situation for the smart washer. In addition, experimental work is performed in the form of cyclic temperature testing (with and without external loading) and tension-tension fatigue testing. For both sets of experimental testing, two positions of washer placement are tested. A correlation between volume fraction of martensite present and remaining life, is therefore possible. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed October 24, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

Na maioria das construções utilizam-se estruturas de madeira para coberturas e muitas são executadas no sistema convencional, empregando treliças. Com o avanço da arquitetura, no que diz respeito a empregabilidade da madeira, outras formas vêm sendo utilizadas, tornando o ambiente mais livre e harmônico, e para isso, a necessidade de vigas maiores, para vencer maiores vãos. Desta forma, os materiais dos elementos estruturais têm importante papel, a fim de demandar continuidade das peças, dentro dos padrões de segurança. As Normas Brasileiras apresentam formas de ligações onde, o emprego da madeira e o aço, garantem a estabilidade para ambos os materiais, visto a utilização de parafusos e pinos como elemento de ligação, empregados nas construções. Neste trabalho, a proposta é avaliar os conjuntos dos materiais de ligações aparafusadas entre madeira/madeira e compará-la com a ligações madeira/chapa de aço/madeira; a chapa dobrada a frio e prensada entre as peças não está aparente. Portanto, a ligação ficará a cargo dos parafusos, mas, com a chapa a resistência será maior suportando aos esforços cortantes causados pela flexão dos parafusos e inserida diretamente na madeira, que tem grande importância quanto à direção das fibras e do esforço aplicado. / In most constructions are used wooden structures for roofs and many are executed in the conventional system using trusses. With the advancement of architecture, with regard the employability of timber, other ways have been used making the free and harmonious environment, and for this, the need for larger beams, to win larger spans. Therefore, the materials of the structural elements have an important role in order to demand continuity of parts with in the safety standards. Brazilian Standards of forms of links where the use of timber and steel, ensure stability for both materials, as the use of bolts and pins as liaison, used in buildings. In this paper, the proposal is to assess the joint of bolted connections materials between timber / timber and compare it with the connections timber / steel plate / timber; the folded plate and cold pressed between the parts is not apparent. Therefore, the connection will fall on the bolts, but with the plate resistance will be higher by supporting the shearing caused by the bending of the bolts and inserted directly on timber, which is very important as to the direction of the fibers and of the applied load.

Este trabalho aborda ligações semi-rígidas com o objetivo de verificar a influência da flexibilidade na análise de estruturas metálicas, com o propósito de apresentar um modelo que represente o real comportamento das conexões assumindo uma situação intermediária entre totalmente rígida e totalmente flexível. Os procedimentos empregados para determinar as propriedades destas conexões estão embasados nos métodos descritos pelo anexo J do Eurocode 3 e recomendações do BCSA/SCI. Com intuito de automatizar o cálculo das conexões semi-rígidas foi implementado um programa computacional que fornece as propriedades necessárias das ligações entre vigas e pilares através da entrada de dados geométricos e especificações do material empregado. São abordadas ligações soldadas e ligações parafusadas com chapa de extremidade.O trabalho apresenta, ainda, uma avaliação da redistribuição de solicitações nas estruturas de aço. Fazendo a análise de um pórtico plano empregando molas rotacionais nos nós de encontro entre vigas e pilares inserindo a rigidez rotacional obtida através dos procedimentos numéricos apresentados neste trabalho. Esta mesma estrutura foi analisada da maneira tradicional, ou seja, considerando nós rígidos no encontro entre vigas e pilares. Através da analogia entre os resultados obtidos pelas duas análises é possível visualizar a diferença entre a distribuição nas solicitações. Dessa forma, é possível verificar a influência da rigidez das ligações na análise das estruturas metálicas. / This work approaches semi-rigid connections with the purpose to verify the influence of connections in the analysis of steel structures, with the intention to present a model that represents the real behavior of the connections assuming an intermediate situation between totally rigid and totally pinned. The used procedures to determine the properties of these connections are based in the described methods for the Annex J of the Eurocode 3 and BCSA/SCI. With intention to speed the calculations of the semi-rigid connections a computational program was implemented that supplies to the necessary properties of the connections between beams and columns through the geometric data entry and specifications of the employed material. They are boarded welded connections and connections bolted with extend end plate. The work presents, still, an evaluation of the new distribution of loads in the steel structures. Making the analysis of a plain frame using rotational springs between beams and columns inserting the gotten rotational rigidity through the presented numerical procedures in this work. This same structure was analyzed in the traditional way, that is, considering rigid we in the meeting between beams and columns. Through the analogy it enters the results gotten for the two analyses is possible to visualize the difference enters the distribution in the requests. Of this form, it is possible to verify the influence of flexibility in the analysis of the metallic structures.