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Desenvolvimento de ze?lita y nanocristalina e aplica??o para degrada??o termocatal?tica de borra oleosa de petr?leoSilva, Jo?o Manuel R?go 29 June 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-06-29 / A borra oleosa (BO) de petr?leo apresenta um agregado complexo de
hidrocarbonetos, impurezas org?nicas, inorg?nicas e ?gua. Um dos principais problemas
encontrados atualmente na ind?stria petrolifera ? o gerenciamento (acondicionamento,
armazenamento, transporte e destino) de res?duos. Os nanomateriais (catalisadores)
mesoporosos e microporosos s?o considerados promissores em processos de refino de
petr?leo e como adsorventes para prote??o ambiental. O foco deste trabalho foi estudar a
BO de petr?leo oriunda do processamento prim?rio, com aplica??o de degrada??o t?rmica
e termocatal?tica com nanomateriais, visando a produ??o de derivados de petr?leo. O
catalisador NaY foi sintetizado com uma raz?o molar de sil?cio/alum?nio de 50 (Si/Al =
1,5), usando silicato de s?dio (Na2SiO3) como fonte de sil?cio e aluminato de s?dio
(NaAlO2) como a fonte de alum?nio e, posteriormente feito uma troca i?nica para
obten??o de sua forma ?cida - HY. As amostras dos materiais nanoestruturados foram
caracterizadas por analise termogravim?trica (TG/DTG), difra??o de raios X (DRX),
microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de absor??o na regi?o do
infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). A caracteriza??o mostrou que os
materiais sintetizados resultaram em um catalisador nano estruturado de acordo com a
literatura existente. A degrada??o t?rmica e catal?tica da borra oleosa de petr?leo foi
realizada nas faixas de temperatura de 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 ?C, variando com o tempo
de 0 a 60 min para cada temperatura. As curvas obtidas atrav?s da degrada??o, mostram
uma deteriora??o mais acelerada da borra oleosa quando existe a presen?a de catalisador
no meio. Esses dados foram corroborados pela energia de ativa??o e foram estudados
pelos par?metros de Arrhenius, onde foi poss?vel observar a energia de ativa??o para
degrada??o t?rmica e termocatal?tica da borra oleosa. / The oily sludge presents a complete aggregate of hydrocarbons, organic and
inorganic impurities, and water. One of the main bottlenecks currently found in oil
industry it's the manegement (packaging, storage, transportation and destination) of
waste. The nanomaterials (catalysts) mesoporous and microporous are considered
promissing in oil refining processes and as absorvents to enviromental protection. The
focus of this work was study de oily sludge from primary processing, with applications
of thermal degradation and thermocatalytic with nanomaterials, aiming the production of
oil derivates. The catalyst NaY was sintetized with a silica/aluminum molar ratio of 50
(Si/Al = 1,5), using sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as source of silicon e sodium
aluminate (NaAlO2), as the aluminum source and, posteriorly was done a ion exchange
to obtain its acid form - HY. The samples of the nanostructured materials by
thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electro
micorscopy (SEM), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region with Fourier transform
(FT-IR). The characterizations showed that the synthesized materials resulted in a
nanostructured catalyest according to the existent literature. The thermal and catalytic
degradation of the oily sludge was performed in the temperature ranges of 100, 200, 300,
400 and 500 ?C, varying with time of 0 to 60 min to each temperature. The curves
obtained through degradation showed a faster deterioration of oily sludge when there a
presence of catalyst on the midst. These datas were corroborated by the activation energy
and were studied by Arrhenius parameter, where was possible to observe the activation
energy to thermal and thermo-catalytic degradation of the oily sludge.
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Pir?lise de borras oleosas de petroleo utilizando nanomateriaisLima, Cicero de Souza 21 March 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / The oily sludge is a complex mix of hydrocarbons, organic impurities, inorganic
and water. One of the major problems currently found in petroleum industry is
management (packaging, storage, transport and fate) of waste. The nanomaterials
(catalysts) mesoporous and microporous are considered promising for refining and
adsorbents process for environment protection. The aim of this work was to study the
oily sludge from primary processing (raw and treated) and vacuum residue, with
application of thermal analyses technique (pyrolysis), thermal and catalytic pyrolysis
with nanomaterials, aiming at production petroleum derived. The sludge and vacuum
residue were analyzed using a soxhlet extraction system, elemental analysis, thin layer
chromatography, thermogravimetry and pyrolysis coupled in gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (Py GC MS). The catalysts AlMCM-41, AlSBA-15.1 e AlSBA-15.2
were synthesized with molar ratio silicon aluminum of 50 (Si/Al = 50), using
tetraethylorthosilicante as source of silicon and pseudobuhemita (AlOOH) as source of
aluminum. The analyzes of the catalysts indicate that materials showed hexagonal
structure and surface area (783,6 m2/g for AlMCM-41, 600 m2/g for AlSBA-15.1, 377
m2/g for AlSBA-15.2). The extracted oily sludge showed a range 65 to 95% for organic
components (oil), 5 to 35% for inorganic components (salts and oxides) and
compositions different of derivatives. The AlSBA-15 catalysts showed better
performance in analyzes for production petroleum derived, 20% increase in production
of kerosene and light gas oil. The energy potential of sludge was high and it can be used
as fuel in other cargo processed in refinery / A borra oleosa (BO) de petr?leo ? uma mistura complexa de hidrocarbonetos,
impurezas org?nicas, inorg?nicas e ?gua. Um dos grandes problemas encontrados
atualmente na ind?stria de petr?leo ? o gerenciamento (acondicionamento,
armazenamento, transporte e destino) de res?duos. Os nanomateriais (catalisadores)
mesoporosos e microporosos s?o considerados promissores em processos de refino de
petr?leo e como adsorventes para prote??o ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi
estudar a BO de petr?leo oriunda do processamento prim?rio (bruta e tratada) e res?duo
de v?cuo, com aplica??o de an?lise termogravim?trica, t?cnica de pir?lise t?rmica e
catal?tica com nanomateriais, visando a produ??o de derivado de petr?leo. As borras
extra?das em um equipamento soxhlet foram analisadas por an?lise elementar,
cromatografia em camada fina, termogravimetria (TG) e pir?lise acoplado a um
cromatogr?fico gasoso/espectro de massa (Py-GC/MS). Os catalisadores AlMCM-41 e
AlSBA-15 foram sintetizados com uma raz?o molar de s?licio/alum?nio de 50 (Si/Al =
50), usando tetraetilortossilicato (TEOS) como fonte de sil?cio e pseudobuhemita
(AlOOH) como a fonte de alum?nio. Os catalisadores indicam que os materiais
apresentaram estrutura hexagonal, ?rea espec?fica de 783,6 m2/g para o AlMCM-41, 600
m2/g para o AlSBA-15.1 e 377 m2/g para o AlSBA-15.2). A BO extra?da apresentou de
65 a 95% de componentes org?nicos (?leo), de 5 a 35% de componentes inorg?nicos
(sais e ?xidos) e diferentes composi??es dos derivados. Os catalisadores tipo AlSBA-15
apresentaram melhor desempenho na obten??o dos derivados de petr?leo, aumentando
em 20% a produ??o de querosene e gas?leo leve. O potencial energ?tico da BO foi
elevado, pois ela pode ser utilizada como combust?vel e processada com outras cargas
pesadas do petr?leo para a produ??o de diferentes derivados de petr?leo
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