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"It has neither name nor place. I shall repeat the reason why I was describing it to you: from the number of imaginable cities we must exclude those whose elements are assembled without a connecting thread, an inner rule, a perspective, a discourse. With cities, it is as with dreams: everything imaginable can be dreamed, but even the most unexpected dream is a rebus that conceals a desire or its reverse, a fear. Cities, like dreams are made of desires and fears, even the thread of their discourse is secret, their rules are absurd, their perspectives deceitful, and everything conceals something else." "Cities also believe they are the work of the mind or of chance, but neither the one nor the other suffices to hold up their walls. You take delight not in a city's seven or seventy wonders, but in the answer it gives to a question of yours." / Master of Architecture

The research problems of this dissertation were: 1) A description of the perceived value of music in light of political undercurrents in Boston prior to and during the years under investigation, and 2) the profile of the constituency of the Boston School Committee and Committee on Music in 1837 and 1845. Questions addressed the effect of religious and moral concerns of the day on the decision by the School Committee in 1837 to try music in the curriculum, and the possible effect of religious politics on Lowell Mason's dismissal from the schools in 1845. In the minds of mid-nineteenth century Bostonians, religious and moral values were intrinsic to the very nature of music. Key members on the School Committee portrayed music as being spiritual yet nonsectarian in its influence. Therefore, the findings suggest that music was believed to provide common ground between opposing and diverse religious sects. Reasons given for Mason's dismissal by John Sargent, a member of the Committee on Music, showed parallels to H. W. Day's accusations in the press a year earlier that Mason had managed his position in a sectarian manner. Sargent's background supports the theory that religious politics were at work in Mason's dismissal. Although members of the School Committee of 1845 were religious, only isolated cases support the proposition that any of them would have opposed Mason strictly on the basis of religious issues. Evidence suggests that their passivity to the action by the Committee on Music was probably due to concurrent public criticism of attempts at school reform within the Committee. While under such scrutiny, Committee members' inaction regarding Mason's dismissal may have reflected a desire not to jeopardize their own positions as a political body.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1975. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 210-212. / Gayle Tweeton Epp. / M.C.P.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH / Includes bibliographies. / by Joan K. Martin. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaves 212-215. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : p. 127-128. / M.Arch.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 236-240. / by Mauricio Miguel Gaston. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Howard Wilson Davis. / M.C.P.

Förmågan att benämna verb och substantiv kan skilja sig åt hos såväl friska vuxna (Strauss Hough, 2007) som personer med afasi (Mätzig, Druks, Masterson & Vigliocco, 2009). Hos personer med afasi har skillnader mellan förmågan att benämna substantiv och verb relaterats till skadelokalisation (Damasio & Tranel, 1993). Vid afasiutredningar används ofta benämningstest för att bedöma framplockningen av ord (Herbert, Hickin, Howard, Osborne & Best, 2008). Action Naming Test (ANT) är ett verbbenämningstest som normerats på svenska (Lindahl & Oskarsson, 2011; Stenberg & Wik, 2013), men inte studerats hos personer med afasi. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur verbbenämningsförmågan ser ut hos personer med afasi och expressiva svårigheter, i relation till den svenska normeringen för ANT. Några av orden i normeringen var problematiska, varför en reanalys av data genomfördes av Stenberg och Wik (2013). Resultaten för ANT har i föreliggande studie därför jämförts med normdata framtagen före och efter reanalysen. Deltagarna bedömdes även med Boston Naming Test (BNT), eftersom studien även syftade till att undersöka om det fanns skillnader i förmåga att benämna verb och substantiv. Förutom testning med ANT och BNT besvarade deltagarna även hälsoenkäten Short Form-36 (SF–36), för att undersöka eventuella samband mellan hälsotillstånd och benämningsförmåga. I studien deltog 19 personer (41–83 år, medianålder 68 år) med kronisk afasi och expressiva svårigheter. Deltagarna presterade signifikant bättre vid benämning av verb (ANT) än av substantiv (BNT), både före (p=.007) och efter (p<.001) exkludering av de problematiska orden. De presterade under normvärdet för ANT, både före och efter ordexkluderingen, men majoriteten erhöll ett högre testresultat efter reanalysen. Inga signifikanta skillnader i benämningsförmåga relaterat till kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå eller skadelokalisation återfanns. ANT kan användas vid utredning av benämningssvårigheter vid afasi. Vid jämförelse med normdata bör värden framtagna efter reanalysen användas eftersom deltagarna i förevarande studie presterade signifikant bättre efter exkludering. Deltagarna uppvisade en signifikant skillnad i prestation på ANT och BNT, vilket motiverar att verbbenämningstest bör genomföras. / The ability to name verbs and nouns can differ in healthy adults (Strauss Hough, 2007) and in people with aphasia (Mätzig, Druks, Masterson & Vigliocco, 2009). In individuals with aphasia, differences in ability to name nouns and verbs have been related to location of brain damage (Damasio & Tranel, 1993). Confrontation naming tests are frequently used in aphasia assessments to evaluate the ability to retrieve words (Herbert, Hickin, Howard, Osborne & Best, 2008). Action Naming Test (ANT) is a verb naming test that has been standardized in Swedish (Lindahl & Oskarsson, 2011; Stenberg & Wik, 2013), but no studies have been done on verb naming with ANT in Swedish individuals with aphasia, which is the aim of the present study. Some of the words in the Swedish standardization were problematic and consequently a re-analysis of the data was conducted by Stenberg and Wik (2013). The results of the ANT in the present study were compared with collected standardized data before and after the re-analysis. To investigate whether there were differences in the ability to name verbs and nouns, participants were also assessed with the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Participants were also asked to answer the health survey Short Form-36 (SF‑36), to investigate possible links between health and verb naming ability. The study enrolled 19 subjects (41–83 years, median age 68 years) with chronic aphasia and expressive difficulties. Participants performed significantly better in verb naming (ANT) than noun naming (BNT), both before (p=.007) and after (p<.001) the problematic words were excluded. The sample performed below norm levels on ANT, both before and after the exclusion, but the majority achieved a higher test result after the re-analysis. No significant differences were found in verb naming ability related to sex, age, educational level or location of brain damage. ANT can be used to assess naming ability in people with aphasia. However, when compared with standardized data, values ​​developed after the re-analysis should be used since the participants of this study performed significantly better after exclusion. The participants showed a significantly better performance on ANT than BNT, which supports the view that verb naming tests are of value.