For glass bottles to compete with plastic ones they need to be very much lighter. As their present weight is often constrained by their current strength, the glass they are made from needs to be very much stronger. In its virgin state glass is very strong, but handling bottles during manufacture introduces minute flaws, lowering their strength considerably. The aim of this work has been to gain a greater understanding of the meclianisms of thermal and mechanical damage and so to improve existing, and develop new hot glass handling materials which will reduce the amount of damage to the glass during hot-end handling To help gain an understanding of the interaction between thermal and mechanical damage mathematical modelling using finite difference techniques was utilised. Experimental investigations of how controlled contact, including thermal shock, weakened high strength glass were also undertaken. It was concluded from these investigations that the nearest to the ideal a real hot glass handling material could approach would be a material which produces mechanical damage which is limited to such a size that the thermal stresses produced by that material do not exacerbate the damage. A dimensionlessg roup was identified which helped to assessif a material had a selection of material properties which render it a likely hot glass handling material. Zirconium and Titanium were identified as possible hot glass handling materials. Carbon based materials proved to be the best handling materials but they have a limited life as they suffer oxidation in use. The oxidation resistance of various Carbon based materials was investigated with thermal gravimetric analysis and a test was designed to assess the strength retention of laminated Carbon-Carbon composites. Various coatings were developed to increase the life of existing hot glass handling materials. A Tit anium /graphite composite was developed in which the Titanium acted as an oxidation resistant skeleton and the graphite provided optimum glass handling ability.

No description available.

The aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate a Clean and Green Decision-Support System by exploring the practice of a large Australian Winery and developing a decision-support system that would facilitate movement towards clean and green wine product packaging. This thesis took into account the relationship between wine manufacturers and their packaging suppliers as shared information between these parties is central to the National Packaging Covenant (NPC) which is an outcome of concern for the environment. This concern has had a dramatic impact upon this relationship in the wine industry because each has to comply with Government regulations and customer demand for environmentally friendly packaging. / A review of the current knowledge about New Product Development revealed that the implicit emphasis within this body of research was upon modification of existing products to reduce the cost of production and/or increase sales volume. Many authors recognised the impact of external demands upon the new product environment yet there was little inclusion of one of the forces driving these external demands- the need for 'Clean and Green' production processes. It was argued here that the inclusion of clean and green in models of New Product Development was necessary for company sustainability because of the pressure from Government and from customers for environmentally friendly products. / The notion of a sustainable competitive advantage underpinned the importance of meeting customer needs and introduced the need to develop unique attributes that cannot be easily copied by competitors. The intense competition in the Australian wine industry made this an important consideration. While a significant number of studies had linked sustainable competitive advantage with New Product Development, studies that incorporate these concepts within the clean and green context were extremely limited. It was further recognised that any theoretical model developed only from the manufacturer's perspective and which overlooked the perspectives of suppliers, customers and the Government would be flawed because it may limit the implementation of clean and green practices. Therefore, there existed a gap in knowledge about how a company could incorporate clean and green practices into their New Product Development and remain competitive. / An exploratory, qualitative case study based upon Yin's (1994 and 2003) case study methodology was undertaken. Data were triangulated through open-ended semi-structured interviews, archival documents and literature reviews. The interviews explored the key drivers, key barriers and key relationships that may influence the consideration of clean and green product development. Seventeen participants were interviewed; eight from the suppliers, eight from the case study organisation and one from the wine industry association. Content analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts and the archival documents. The findings confirmed that the relationship between the supplier and manufacturer was very important and symbiotic in nature and that each was concerned with customer demands and Government regulations. This was related to the drivers which were all aimed at the Winery retaining or improving its sustainability in the market place. The barriers were found to be communication (and the related problem of sharing information), which when operating smoothly could facilitate the process but when not (as in this case), provided a strong barrier to implementation of clean and green practices in the wine industry. The analysis was used to develop an eleven step easy-to-use Clean and Green Decision-Support System which calculated a final score for each wine packaging product. This system was then evaluated using data about wine bottles that was collected during the data collection phase. It was found that the Clean and Green Decision-Support System developed as part of this thesis provides easy-to-understand output that allows the decision-maker to choose the product that is as close as possible to the ideal clean and green product. / This thesis contributes to knowledge in three ways. Firstly, it contributes by theoretically linking the constructs of clean and green, New Product Development and sustainable competitive advantage to develop a new theoretical model which also incorporates the various perspectives of key stakeholders. Secondly, it contributes to knowledge of industry practice by explicating the issues faced by a Winery when seeking to implement Clean and Green New Product Development. Finally, it contributes to professional through the development and evaluation of a Clean and Green Decision-Support System in a real-life setting that has immediate practical application. This simplifies the decision-making related to evaluation of clean and green products and helps to resolve the communication problem somewhat by clearly identifying what information is needed and the source of that information thereby further facilitating the implementation of clean and green practices. / Opportunities for further research exist in the areas of expanding upon the scope of the study to improve its generalisability; further exploring the Winery-supplier relationship, particularly in regard to the development of symbiosis; and in the further development and simplification of the process of obtaining the information needed for the Clean and Green Decision-Support System. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2005.

v anglickém jazyce Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Iveta Najmanová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršálová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Hazardous substances that are released from plastic bottles This master thesis focuses on hazardous substances that are released from plastic bottles. Attention is paid especially to bisphenol A and antimony and their effects after oral administration. Given the fact that these substances are harmful to humans, most of the information about their effects was observed in epidemiological studies or studies conducted on laboratory animals and human tissues. The thesis documents the toxicological effects on the body, especially of bisphenol A. To a lesser extent and primarily because of the limited number of studies on this topic, it deals with the influence of antimony. This is a search thesis and the data are the sum of bibliographic records on the subject.

This thesis presents the research of packaging beer into plastic bottles and the design and manufacture of a low pressure bottle blow moulding machine for demonstration purposes. The machine will be used for the production of plastic bottles suitable for bottling brewed beer at the microbrewery at Massey University Palmerston North. Premanufactured PET preforms have proven to be the most convenient and promising choice for the fabrication of blown bottles. Basic tests to understand the behaviour of the preforms and the challenges of the blowing process have been carried out. A special focus has been placed on the different circumstances at University in contrast to industrial bottle production in particular the needed air pressure to form the bottles. The following step was to find the ideal method and principle to handle the preforms and to transform them in the desired shape. Finally the design, drawing of the parts and assemblies were carried out with the 3-D CAD software Solidworks. The designed parts for the bottle blower have been manufactured at the mechanical Workshop at Massey University. To control the bottle blower, the National Instruments USB interface was selected which required the design and manufacture of an additional driver interface card to protect the USB interface and convert the TTL levels into higher voltage. The final assembly and testing of the blower then concluded the practical work for this master project. A suitable design for the bottle production was found and the assembled Bottle Blower can now be used for the production of PET bottles.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 118-126.

O aumento do consumo e a geração de resíduos e as novas propostas de desenvolvimento de conceitos e práticas de sustentabilidade fizeram com que a sociedade passasse a refletir sobre tais eventos, colocando em discussão o ciclo de vida dos produtos. Neste contexto, o conceito de logística reversa (LR) se desenvolveu, principalmente quanto ao aspecto econômico. Mas, sendo este conceito fundamentado ao da sustentabilidade, torna-se importante acompanhar as práticas, inclusive quanto aos efeitos sociais e ambientais. Atrelado a isso e a dois outros fatores: i) o fato de que alguns trabalhos identificaram que processos de LR nem sempre garantem melhorias econômicas para a empresa, sendo que o efeito econômico estava relacionado aos fatores intrínsecos do processo, e que ii) o Pet é um dos materiais de fácil acesso pela população, ocasionando um grande volume de resíduos de longa decomposição; o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar quais decisões sobre os fatores inerentes a um processo produtivo envolvendo LR de Ref Pet são capazes de impactar na sustentabilidade do mesmo. Neste sentido, a proposta volta-se para o desenvolvimento de um modelo que permita analisar os benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais, com base em informações do processo, de modo que a empresa possa acompanhar e melhorar o equilíbrio deste tripé em seu processo produtivo, buscando garantir ou identificar necessidades de mudanças para alcançar a sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento do modelo deu-se por meio da revisão bibliográfica e do estudo exploratório realizado em uma indústria de refrigerantes, permitindo conhecer em detalhes o processo de logística reversa de Ref Pet. Esta etapa foi fundamental para a definição dos inputs, subindicadores e indicadores que formaram os três índices: econômico, social e ambiental. A transformação dos indicadores em índices ocorreu por meio da técnica de análise fatorial, sendo que, depois de finalizado o modelo procedeu-se com análise de sensibilidade, a qual permitiu identificar o fator intrínseco ao processo mais representativo para cada índice. Demonstrou-se que, com este modelo a empresa pode simular cenários de decisão, identificando o impacto que eles trarão para a sustentabilidade do processo produtivo, uma vez que é permitido identificar qual a sensibilidade de cada índice frente aos fatores inerentes ao processo. Assim, a empresa pode tomar decisões visando o equilíbrio econômico, social e ambiental em seu negócio buscando ações para mantê-lo, exercendo papel importante na sociedade. Portanto, o modelo proposto pode auxiliar uma empresa na identificação do impacto de seu processo de logística reversa nos três índices, acompanhando a evolução e tomando medidas para melhorá-los. Ademais, permite analisar a sensibilidade da sustentabilidade do processo quando das variações dos inputs. Finalmente, o estudo traz detalhamentos sobre as especificidades de um processo de logística reversa de Ref PET, capaz de contribuir para a literatura e para os próximos estudos nesta linha. / The increased consumption, and waste generation, and the new proposals of development concepts, and sustainability practices have caused society to reflect about these events, inciting discussions regarding the life cycle of these products. In this context, the reverse logistics concept (RL) was developed referring mainly to the economic aspect. But, considering that the RL concept is based on sustainability, it is important to monitor the practices including those that concern social and environmental effects. Connecting to this and to two other factors: i) the fact that some studies have identified that RL processes does not always guarantee economic improvements for the company, whereas economic effect was related to intrinsic factors in the process, and ii) Pet is easily accessible by the population, resulting in large amounts of long decomposition waste; the objective of this research was to identify which decisions regarding inherent factors in the production process involving RL Returnable PET Bottles can impact sustainability. In this sense, the proposal is aimed to the development of a model to analyze the economic, social and environmental benefits, based on information from the process, so that the company can monitor and improve the balance of this tripod in its production process, seeking to guarantee or identify changing needs to achieve sustainability. The development of the model occurred by means of literature review and exploratory study in a soft drink industry, which allowed knowing in detail the process of Returnable PET Bottles involving RL. This step was fundamental in order to define the inputs, indicators and sub-indicators that formed the three indices: economic, social and environmental. The transformation of the indicators into indices was obtained by applying technique of factor analysis, and, after the finalization of the model, sensitivity analysis was conducted, which allowed identifying the most representative intrinsic factor in the process for each index. Therefore, demonstrating with this model that the company can simulate scenarios for decision, identifying the impact they will bring upon the sustainability of the production process. Since it is possible to identify the sensitivity of each index compared to the inherent factors in the process. Thereby, the company can take decisions seeking economic, social and environmental balance in their business, seeking actions to maintain, performing an important role in society. Thus, the proposed model can assist a company in identifying the impact of their reverse logistics process in the three indices, monitoring the evolution and taking steps to improve them. Furthermore, the model allows analyzing the sensitivity of the sustainability of the process in the case of input variations. Finally, the study brings more details on the specific characteristics of a Reverse Logistics process of Returnable PET Bottles, contributing to the literature and future studies in this research line.

Gordon Jacob's (1895-1984) Old Wine in New Bottles (1959) and More Old Wine in New Bottles (1977) are regularly performed works within the canon of chamber wind repertoire. Composed for thirteen instruments, the original work and its sequel are a reflection of Jacob's refined compositional style, which emphasizes unique textures, clear formal structures, and recognizable folk melodies. Gordon Jacob was a British composer from Upper Norwood, London. During his youth he studied piano and took up percussion in order to join his school band and orchestra. After serving in the First World War, Jacob enrolled at the Royal College of Music (RCM) where he studied composition with Ralph Vaughan Williams and Sir Charles Villiers Stanford. Shortly after graduation, he was offered an instructor position at the RCM. He remained on faculty for forty-two years, instructing many musicians who would later become internationally recognized composers, including Imogen Holst, Sir Malcolm Arnold, and Philip Cannon. As a composer, he has approximately four-hundred works to his name and is best known in the area of wind band for his compositions William Byrd Suite (1922), An Original Suite (1928), Music for a Festival (1951), Flag of Stars (1954), and Giles Farnaby Suite (1967). This study is an analysis of and conductor's guide for two of Jacob's chamber works that have not been the subject of any previous scholarly publications. The opening chapters include a brief biography of the composer emphasizing the musical developments of his youth, his achievements as an educator, and a discussion of his compositional style. The following two chapters delve into Old Wine in New Bottles and More Old Wine in New Bottles, respectively. Each includes an original historical account of the piece, discussion of the preexisting folk music, theoretical analysis, and suggestions for the conductor. This study is intended to assist conductors in the score-study and preparation process, leading to more effective rehearsals and informed performances.

No description available.

A new wall construction technique utilizing concrete filled PVC tubes, adobe, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and cabling was designed, analyzed and implemented. The system was designed as an alternative to traditional earthen buildings in Honduras that are vulnerable to hurricane winds and seismic activity. Six prototype panels were constructed at the Alternative Village located at the University of Manitoba to evaluate the wall system for racking and transverse load capacity. A kitchen was then constructed at an elementary school in western Honduras. / October 2015