Rennet extract is an important commercial enzyme preparation which is indispensable to the cheese making industry, The term "rennet" is used to denote the enzyme system extracted from the fourth stomach (abomasum) of a suckling calf. Most of the enzymatic material in the extract is rennin. It also contains a small amount of pepsin and some other proteolytic enzymes. The amount of pepsin in rennet extract appears to depend upon the age of the calves at the time of slaughter. It has been suggested that some proteolytic enzymes from higher plants might be useful in cheese manufacture. Krishnaswamy et al. reported that Cheddar cheese made with ficin quickly developed a bitter flavor which decreased in intensity during curing. Cheddar cheese made with an extract from the flower petals of Cynara cardunculus developed extreme bitterness and a pasty body during 30 days curing at 10 C. An extract from the fruit of Withania coagulans was used by Kothavalla and Khubchandani as a coagulating agent in the manufacture of Surati and Cheddar cheese. No unusual flavors were reported, but they experienced rather high fat losses.

Resumo: Objetivou-se testar diferentes protocolos de cultivo in vitro e in vivo de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais de fetos bovinos. Para tanto, um total de 41 ovários de fetos bovinos foram obtidos em matadouro, transportados e utilizados para o cultivo in vitro (n=20) e para o xenotransplante (n=21). Após processados no laboratório em fragmentos entre 0,5 e 1 mm3 foram encaminhados para os cultivos O cultivo in vitro baseou-se em protocolo bem sucedido de cultivo de FOPA em caprinos e testou diferentes fontes de macromoléculas e a utilização do azul de tripan na viabilidade dos tecidos cultivados a uma atmosfera controlada de 5% CO2 em ar, a 38,5°C e nutridos com dMEM (300 mOsm/L, pH 7,2) suplementado com antibióticos, ITS, piruvato de sódio, glutamina, hipoxantina, dAMPc, bFSH e IGF-I. A depender do tratamento, foi adicionado BSA (0,1%) SFB (10%) ou PVA (1%). O cultivo in vivo de FOPA foi executado por xenotransplante sob a cápsula renal num total de 65 camundongas imunodeficientes. Desenvolveu-se uma técnica de biopsia e verificou-se o efeito do tempo de transplante (30, 60 e 30 e 60 dias após o transplante) sobre a percentagem e a viabilidade de FOPA bem como a possível presença de folículos antrais. Num segundo momento, 32 receptoras receberam estímulo hormonal de 10 UI de eCG (n=18) e 10 UI r-hFSH (n=14). Os resultados mostraram que o cultivo com PVA apresentou FOPA normais em percentagem semelhante aos cultivos com BSA e PVA. Quanto ao cultivo por xenotransplante, observou-se o crescimento sucessivo de FOPA até estádios antrais ao longo do tempo de transplante (> 30 dias). O resultado das estimulações exógenas apresentou folículos antrais com oócitos que apresentaram o cumulus expandido em 2/5 (40%) dos oócitos selecionados para MIV de cada um dos tratamentos propostos. Concluindo, FOPA oriundos de fetos bovinos podem ser cultivados por pelo menos 8 dias em PVA... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate different protocols of in vitro and in vivo preantral follicles (PFs) culture from bovine fetus. Thus, a total of 41 fetal bovine ovaries, from a slaughterhouse, were collected and transported at laboratory for in vitro culture (n=20) and for xenotransplantation (n=21), after processing into small cortical pieces measuring between 0,5 and 1mm3 the slices were cultured. The in vitro culture was based on well successful protocol of preantral follicles in caprine and tested different sources of macromolecules and trypan blue viability of cultured tissues cultured at controlled atmosphere (5%CO2 in air, 39°C). The culture medium used was dMEM (300 mOsm/L, pH 7, 2) supplemented with antibiotics, ITS, sodium pyruvate, glutamine, hypoxanthine, dAMPc, bFSH, and IGF-I. Depending of treatment, was added BSA (0,1%), FCS (10%) or PVA (1%). In vivo culture of preantral follicles was carried out by xenotransplantation under renal capsule of immunodeficient females mice (total of 65) that were submitted to a biopsy technique previously developed for tissue collection and to verify the effectiveness of time of transplantation (30, 60 and 30 and 60 days post surgery) under percentage and viability as well as putative growth of PFs to antral follicles. At second stage, 32 recipient mice were submitted to hormonal stimuli with 10 IU of eCG (n=18) and 10 IU of r-hFSH (n=14). The results showed that PVA culture presented normally PF in similar distribution when compared with BSA and PVA culture. Regarding xenotransplantation, successive growth of PF until antral stages was observed belong time of transplantation. Exogenous stimulation presented oocytes with expanded cumulus in 2/5 (40%) of selected oocytes for IVM from each treatment. Conclusively PFs from fetal bovine ovaries can be cultured at PVA at least 8 days and grows until antral stages after xenotransplantation procedures... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maria Rita Pacheco / Coorientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente / Banca: José Ricardo de Figueiredo / Banca: José Antonio Visintin / Banca: Joaquim Mansano Garcia / Banca: Paulo Henrique Franceschini / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane de Souza Cardoso.pdf: 1798596 bytes, checksum: 2862a717209bf03e8568e17d21be6ba4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The headquartered fractures in the appendixes of the small animals represent great portion of the service in surgical clinics. The purpose of this work was evaluate the bone regeneration with the use of allografts or bovine fetus xenografts, conserved in solution of cefalotina sodic neutral to 0,5%. Twenty adult mongrel dogs were used. We done ostectomia of a fragment of the tibia of the receptor dogs with dimensions same to 10mm x 4mm where then in its place, it was put the allograft or xenograft, in agreement with the group to which belonged the animal. Clinically, support of the limb was observed in the subsequent day to the surgery and general state of the animal. The radiographic evaluation was accomplished before the surgical procedure and in the postoperative immediate, on the 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of evolution. In 15 days beginning of formation of bone callus was observed in the allograft group, already in the xenograft group this was observed to the 30 days in almost all the animals. There were no evidence infection, of deformity or any other alteration in the operated timb, and we concluded that the allograft is incorporated faster than the xenograft, however not being discarded the use possibility of this use. / As fraturas sediadas nos ap?ndices locomotores dos pequenos animais representam grande parcela do atendimento em cl?nicas cir?rgicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a regenera??o ?ssea com a utiliza??o de aloimplantes e de xenoimplantes de feto bovino em c?o, conservados em solu??o de cefalotina s?dica tamponada a 0,5%. Foram utilizados 20 c?es h?gidos, adultos, sem ra?a definida e de m?dio porte. Realizou-se ostectomia de um fragmento da t?bia dos c?es receptores de dimens?es iguais a 10mm x 4mm onde ent?o em seu lugar foi colocado o implante al?geno ou xen?geno, de acordo com o grupo ao qual pertencia o animal. Clinicamente, observou-se apoio do ap?ndice operado no dia posterior ao procedimento e estado geral do animal. A avalia??o radiogr?fica foi realizada antes do procedimento cir?rgico e no p?s-operat?rio imediato, aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias de evolu??o. Aos 15 dias observou-se in?cio de forma??o de calo ?sseo no grupo aloimplante, j? no grupo xenoimplante este foi observado aos 30 dias em quase todos os animais. N?o houve evid?ncia de infec??o, deformidade ou qualquer outra altera??o nos ap?ndices operados, e comparando-se os m?todos concluise que o aloimplante ? incorporado com maior velocidade que o xenoimplante, por?m n?o sendo descartada a possibilidade de utiliza??o deste.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:45:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bezerra_mb_dr_jabo.pdf: 930909 bytes, checksum: f1899f875197e48c17afaf824f63cfca (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se testar diferentes protocolos de cultivo in vitro e in vivo de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais de fetos bovinos. Para tanto, um total de 41 ovários de fetos bovinos foram obtidos em matadouro, transportados e utilizados para o cultivo in vitro (n=20) e para o xenotransplante (n=21). Após processados no laboratório em fragmentos entre 0,5 e 1 mm3 foram encaminhados para os cultivos O cultivo in vitro baseou-se em protocolo bem sucedido de cultivo de FOPA em caprinos e testou diferentes fontes de macromoléculas e a utilização do azul de tripan na viabilidade dos tecidos cultivados a uma atmosfera controlada de 5% CO2 em ar, a 38,5°C e nutridos com dMEM (300 mOsm/L, pH 7,2) suplementado com antibióticos, ITS, piruvato de sódio, glutamina, hipoxantina, dAMPc, bFSH e IGF-I. A depender do tratamento, foi adicionado BSA (0,1%) SFB (10%) ou PVA (1%). O cultivo in vivo de FOPA foi executado por xenotransplante sob a cápsula renal num total de 65 camundongas imunodeficientes. Desenvolveu-se uma técnica de biopsia e verificou-se o efeito do tempo de transplante (30, 60 e 30 e 60 dias após o transplante) sobre a percentagem e a viabilidade de FOPA bem como a possível presença de folículos antrais. Num segundo momento, 32 receptoras receberam estímulo hormonal de 10 UI de eCG (n=18) e 10 UI r-hFSH (n=14). Os resultados mostraram que o cultivo com PVA apresentou FOPA normais em percentagem semelhante aos cultivos com BSA e PVA. Quanto ao cultivo por xenotransplante, observou-se o crescimento sucessivo de FOPA até estádios antrais ao longo do tempo de transplante (> 30 dias). O resultado das estimulações exógenas apresentou folículos antrais com oócitos que apresentaram o cumulus expandido em 2/5 (40%) dos oócitos selecionados para MIV de cada um dos tratamentos propostos. Concluindo, FOPA oriundos de fetos bovinos podem ser cultivados por pelo menos 8 dias em PVA... / This study aimed to evaluate different protocols of in vitro and in vivo preantral follicles (PFs) culture from bovine fetus. Thus, a total of 41 fetal bovine ovaries, from a slaughterhouse, were collected and transported at laboratory for in vitro culture (n=20) and for xenotransplantation (n=21), after processing into small cortical pieces measuring between 0,5 and 1mm3 the slices were cultured. The in vitro culture was based on well successful protocol of preantral follicles in caprine and tested different sources of macromolecules and trypan blue viability of cultured tissues cultured at controlled atmosphere (5%CO2 in air, 39°C). The culture medium used was dMEM (300 mOsm/L, pH 7, 2) supplemented with antibiotics, ITS, sodium pyruvate, glutamine, hypoxanthine, dAMPc, bFSH, and IGF-I. Depending of treatment, was added BSA (0,1%), FCS (10%) or PVA (1%). In vivo culture of preantral follicles was carried out by xenotransplantation under renal capsule of immunodeficient females mice (total of 65) that were submitted to a biopsy technique previously developed for tissue collection and to verify the effectiveness of time of transplantation (30, 60 and 30 and 60 days post surgery) under percentage and viability as well as putative growth of PFs to antral follicles. At second stage, 32 recipient mice were submitted to hormonal stimuli with 10 IU of eCG (n=18) and 10 IU of r-hFSH (n=14). The results showed that PVA culture presented normally PF in similar distribution when compared with BSA and PVA culture. Regarding xenotransplantation, successive growth of PF until antral stages was observed belong time of transplantation. Exogenous stimulation presented oocytes with expanded cumulus in 2/5 (40%) of selected oocytes for IVM from each treatment. Conclusively PFs from fetal bovine ovaries can be cultured at PVA at least 8 days and grows until antral stages after xenotransplantation procedures... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)