The concept of brand management has increased attention in recent years. Building andmaintaining a brand provides valuable growth and profitability for a company. To establish astrong brand, a company creates its brand identity for products and differentiates it from otherproducts. Brand identity and brand image are integrated with brand management, andcommunication is needed to convey brand image (or identity) to brand identity (or image).Brand identity is the internal view of a company, and the brand image is the external view byits customers. Between brand identity and brand image, factors are conveyed through media. This study explores the adaptation of brand management to a market; specifically, the adaptation of a brand in a foreign market. Ascertaining how Korean automobile companiesadapt brand management in the Swedish market is the primary objective. Kia Motors Sweden AB, a sales-oriented organization and a subsidiary of a Korean automobile manufacturer, KiaMotors Corporation, small and medium sized cars in the Swedish automobile industry, will be this study’s case company. In terms of methodology, a qualitative, single case study approach of Kia Motors Sweden AB was employed. An interview of a marketing manager from the company was analyzedand interpreted to figure out internal brand identity and external brand image. In this study, anintegrated framework that companies can use to justify brand identity and brand image is developed. The factors of brand identity and brand image are indicated and there are relevant factors which convey brand image to brand identity or vice versa. In addition, the factors of brand identity are imparted to brand image through different communication channels. The case study also reveals that apprehending brand identity and distinguishing it from brand image are vital to effective brand management. Moreover, using several communication channels and finding the effective channels also help to convey the desired image. Therefore, Kia Motors Sweden brand management has been identified in my framework.

I takt med teknologisk utveckling och alltmer homogena produkter ökar konkurrensen mellan företag. Företag satsar på att bygga ett starkt varumärke eftersom detta kan bidra till differentiering samt konkurrenskraft. En alltmer förekommande marknadsföringsstrategi som används i syfte för att öka ett bolags relevans är så kallad rebranding. Detta kan innebära förändringar såsom ny grafisk profil eller bearbetning av företagets värderingar. Att genomgå en rebranding är en riskfylld process där många verksamheter misslyckas eftersom det krävs mycket tid och resurser, och där framgången ligger i mottagarens uppfattning. Trots det implementerar allt fler verksamheter varumärkesuppdateringar, multinationella företag liksom småföretag.   Denna studie har därför som syfte att undersöka vilka moment som kan förekomma i en rebrandingprocess för småföretag. Därmed kommer detta arbete att undersöka hur verksamheten förhåller sig till de sex främsta möjliggörande faktorerna som presenteras av Miller, Merrilees och Yakimova (2014). Undersökningen utgår från en kvalitativ en fallsstudie hos ett bolag som faller inom ramen för småföretag, och intervjuer har genomförts med utvalda respondenter från fallföretaget. Intervjuerna var av semistrukturerad karaktär vilket gav möjlighet att både styra samtalet samt ställa eventuella följdfrågor.   Studien redogör för fallföretagets olika moment i rebrandingprocessen, samtidigt som arbetets slutsats tydliggör att de har lyckats fullfölja en del av de sex främsta möjliggörande faktorerna vid rebranding på företagsnivå som presenteras av Miller, Merrilees och Yakimova (2014). WearColour måste fortsätta att tydliggöra varför man implementerade en varumärkesförflyttning för samtliga aktörer, vilket innebär att företagets rebrandingarbete inte är slutfört. Avslutningsvis, arbetet påvisar brister inom den teoretiska referensramen och huruvida de möjliggörande faktorerna kan appliceras på småföretag. / As a result of technological developments and increasing homogeneous of products, competition is increasing between companies. Corporations are investing their assets inbuilding a strong brand as this can contribute to differentiation and competitive advantages. Amarketing strategy, which is increasing in its popularity, and which enhances a company’s relevance is so called rebranding. This may involve changes such as new graphic profiles or processing of company values. Undergoing rebranding is a risky process where many businesses fail because it takes a lot of time and resources, and where the success lies with the recipient's perception. Nevertheless, more and more businesses are implementing brand updates, multinational companies and small businesses alike.   Thus, this study aims at exploring what eventual stages that might occur during a rebranding process for so-called small enterprises. In addition, this paper will investigate how the stages relate to the six main enablers which are presented by Miller, Merrilees and Yakimova (2014). This work is based on a qualitative one-case case study at a textile company which falls within the framework of small businesses, where interviews have been conducted with selected respondents from the case company. The interviews were of a semi structured nature, which provided us with the opportunity to direct the conversation but also ask any unforeseen follow-up questions.   The study explains the case company's various elements in the rebranding process, as the conclusion clarifies that the case company have succeeded in completing some of the main enablers in corporate rebranding, presented by Miller, Merrilees and Yakimova (2014). WearColour must continue to clarify why a rebranding strategy was implemented for all parties involved with the company, which means that the company's rebranding process have not been completed. Finally, the work demonstrates short comings in the theoretical reference framework and questions if the main enabling factors can be applied to small businesses.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as mediações comunicativas da cultura que envolvem as inter-relações entre marcas e seus públicos interagentes em seus circuitos comunicacionais, assim como o processo de midiatização decorrente dessas relações. O sistema publicitário se adaptou às novas tecnicidades da sociedade contemporânea, somando à tradicional técnica da propaganda dispositivos promocionais que visam estabelecer vínculos com seus públicos interagentes por meio do estimulo à participação, interação e colaboração. Esse panorama reflete a mudança de enfoque de processos comunicacionais unilaterais, baseados na emissão de mensagens, para processos interacionais estabelecidos com o suporte de tecnicidades que permitem a produção de conteúdo e sua difusão em redes de informação, estimulando a interação entre marca e públicos em um processo comunicacional baseado na perspectiva da circulação da informação por circuitos comunicacionais. A tese analisa circuitos comunicacionais entre marcas e públicos a partir do uso de aplicativos dotados da tecnicidade do georreferenciamento como um recorte metodológico para demonstração das interações entre circuitos físicos e digitais de comunicação entre consumidores e marcas. Os circuitos físicos de consumo cultural de marca são analisados pela abordagem teórica da perspectiva da antropologia urbana de Magnani (1999) e pela óptica da teoria das mediações segundo Martín-Barbero (2010, 2001) e sob a perspectiva da midiatização em sua vertente nórdica segundo Hjarvard (2013), Hepp (2011) e pela visão latino-americana de Braga (2006), Fausto Neto (2010) e Trindade e Perez (2014); os circuitos digitais são analisados com base na noção de publicização de Casaqui (2011), assim como nas visões sobre compartilhamento e engajamento por Castells (2003), Saad Correa (2010), Recuero (2008), Ugarte (2008), Jenkins, Ford e Green (2014) e Terra (2011). O estudo resulta em um protocolo de análise de circuitos comunicacionais estabelecidos sob a mediação de lógicas de produção de marcas e táticas de recepção de consumidores em constante negociação. / This study aims to analyze culture communicative mediations that involves interrelationships between brands and interactor public in their communication circuits, as well as mediatization proceedings arising from these relations. Advertising system has adapted to new technicalities of contemporary society, adding to traditional technique of advertising some promotional devices that aim to establish links with their interactor public through stimulus to participation, interaction and collaboration. This situation reflects focus changes from unilateral communication processes based on message sending to interactional processes established by support of technicalities that enable content production and its distribution in information networks that stimulates interaction between brand and public in a communication process based on the perspective of information circulation on communication circuits. Thesis analyzes communication circuits between brands and public from use of georeferencing technicality provided mobile apps as a methodological cut to demonstration of interactions between physical and digital consumer-brands communication circuits. Brand cultural consumption physical circuits are analyzed by theoretical approach from Magnani´s (1999) urban anthropology perspective and Martin-Barbero´s (2010, 2001) mediation theory view and from mediatization theory by Hjarvard (2013) and Hepp´s (2011) northern perspective and latin american perspective of Braga (2006), Fausto Neto (2010) and Trinidad and Perez (2014). Digital circuits are analyzed by Casaqui´s (2011) notion of publicization perspective as well as views of sharing and engagement by perspective of Castells (2003), Saad Correa (2010), Recuero (2008), Ugarte (2008), Jenkins, Ford and Green (2014) and Terra (2011). The study results in analysis protocol of communication circuit established under mediation between brand production logics and consumer reception tactics in a constant negotiation.

Estudo que aborda a relação entre o conhecimento e o consumo de marcas, com o propósito de avaliar sua exploração e seu impacto econômico, iniciando pelas questões da educação escolar e o seu papel formador de conhecimento. Como recurso foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica de referência nas áreas de gestão do conhecimento, comunicação e gestão de marcas na sociedade do conhecimento, cujos pertinentes conceitos foram testados através do estudo de caso de um centro de educação extra-acadêmico com enfoque nas ciências humanas, fundado na cidade de São Paulo a Casa do Saber. Foi demonstrado que, sob certas condições, marcas ligadas à exploração econômica do conhecimento podem ser desenvolvidas, praticadas e comunicadas, e, ainda, que os benefícios do investimento em conhecimento não dependem apenas da sua utilização e compartilhamento em ambientes economicamente produtivos e competitivos. / Study that addresses the relationship between knowledge and brand consumption with the aim of evaluate its exploration and economic impact starting on the field of education and its role of knowledge formation. As a tool the reference bibliographic research on the fields of knowledge management, communication and brand management were used, whose relevant concepts have been tested through the case study of a center for non-academic education with an emphasis on the humanities, founded in the city of Sao Paulo the Casa do Saber. It was shown that under certain conditions, brands associated to economic exploitation of knowledge may be developed, communicated and practiced, and that the benefits of investment in knowledge not only depends on their use and sharing in economically productive and competitive environments.

Theory of archetypes is one of several methods how to find the direction for building and managing of brand. This theory is based on theories C. G. Jung. Main objective of this thesis is to find out how companies on Czech market are using archetypal identity. And whether they have urge to use archetypes or similar approaches. In this thesis are also mentioned other theories, methods and methodologies, which helps with building and managing of brands. Practical part of this thesis is about branding of insurance companies. Main element of this part is quality research, especially interview with experts, which have lot of experience with branding and archetypes. Next part of thesis is focused on analysis of communication strategies of largest insurance companies on Czech market and on analysis of rebranding ING to NN in 2015.

Depuis le tournant du XXIe siècle, la publicité vit une importante transformation, dans laquelle les marques effacent de leur communication les signes à connotation marchande et contribuent, paradoxalement, à une marchandisation sans précédent de l’espace social. Dans cette démarche, on assiste à un discours publicitaire qui gomme ses promesses hyperboliques et essaie de se réconcilier avec les consommateurs, en mettant en scène de « vrais gens » et en intégrant leurs expressions singulières au sein de l’argumentation marchande. Envisager ce phénomène à partir de la notion de « témoignage » permet de concevoir une énonciation publicitaire à la première personne du singulier, basée sur un vécu présumé de l’énonciateur. Cet énonciateur atteste de son dire et, par conséquent, du discours marchand dans lequel il est impliqué ; il demande la croyance des allocutaires et les encourage à s’identifier au vécu rapporté. La publicité dite « testimoniale » dépasse cependant la simple fonction d’attestation. En effet, elle peut aussi faire l’éloge de valeurs, comporter un modèle d’exemplarité, susciter un questionnement éthique, en se mettant au service de la communication de marque dans toute sa dimension « dépublicitarisée ». Selon une approche pragmatique, ce travail s’appuie sur l’analyse des manifestations publicitaires diffusées en France, notamment entre les années 2005 et 2015, avec l’objectif de saisir les enjeux énonciatifs, sémiotiques et performatifs des formes testimoniales de la publicité contemporaine. Cette analyse confirme que c’est grâce à la relation évolutive entre les marques, leurs représentations et les consommateurs que surgissent de nouveaux usages de la publicité testimoniale et, plus encore, de nouvelles dynamiques de la communication marchande. / Since the beginning of the 21st century, advertising has undergone significant transformation, with brands removing commercial overtones from their communication and contributing, somewhat paradoxically, to the unprecedented commercialisation of social space. In the process, the advertising message is erasing extravagant promises and attempting to reconnect with consumers, by featuring “real people” and incorporating their personal expression into marketing arguments. Developing this phenomenon around the concept of testimony allows for the crafting of an advertising message in the first person singular, based on the supposed experience of the speaker. This speaker’s statement vouches for the sales pitch in which he is implicated; he asks his audience to believe him and encourages them to identify with the experience he is sharing. But so-called “testimonial” advertising goes beyond the mere role of attestation. Indeed, it can be used to conceal commercial interests of brand communication, by praising values, offering an exemplary model and stimulating ethical reflection. Based on a pragmatic approach, this study draws on an analysis of advertising in France, principally between 2005 and 2015, with the aim to understand the enonciative, semiotic and performative issues in testimonial forms of contemporary advertising. This analysis confirms that the evolutary relationship between brands, their representations and customers has lead to the emergence of new forms of testimonial advertising and, furthermore, to new dynamics in brand communication.

The main purpose of this study was to develop a destination branding and positioning framework, with particular reference to the Zimbabwean experience. The theoretical underpinnings and concepts used in this study were destination marketing, destination branding and positioning, image and destination competitiveness. To provide a strategic context to the study, branding as a key element of destination marketing was clarified; the strategic role of branding /re-branding in the positioning/repositioning of a destination was outlined; international trends and best practices in branding and positioning were evaluated; and the destination marketing situation in Zimbabwe, with particular emphasis on the status of branding and positioning, was determined. To determine key stakeholder attitudes, experiences and expectations regarding the branding and positioning of Zimbabwe as a tourism destination, a stakeholder survey was carried out during 2006 and 2007. Stakeholder groups included in the survey were key industry representative bodies, national tourism authorities, publicity associations, tour operators and airlines flying into Zimbabwe. The study concludes that the concept of branding has varied interpretations in destination marketing. While branding can be used as a strategic tool to reposition a destination, the study notes that there are a number of non-tourism factors which can erode brand equity rendering a destination brand obsolete. It observes that unless and until these non-tourism factors are addressed the destination brand may not perform optimally. Any destination that needs to re-brand has to deal with the image issues before any meaningful re-branding activities can take place. The consistent use of well focused promotional and public diplomacy strategies as well as proactive crisis management should be used to pull the destination from its negative equity. A key outcome of the study is a strategic framework for branding and positioning a destination in crisis. It sets out guidelines for the stakeholders on how to implement the branding process. In addition, the framework adds value to destination marketing since it can be applied as a frame of reference in understanding the complexities of destination branding. While the framework has been developed in a Zimbabwean context, it can be applied to other destinations which have a need to brand or re-brand. An integrated marketing and communication strategy is recommended since branding alone may not yield positive results under a crisis situation. At the same time the destination needs to address political and economic issues, design strategies that can bring together all the stakeholders, while encouraging alliances and joint ventures among tourism operators. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding destination marketing, particularly destination branding. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Tourism Management / unrestricted

The objective of the diploma thesis is to find out the general utilization of Guerilla Marketing. It focuses particularly on attitudes of companies and customers dealing with this nontraditional form of marketing communication. Finally it compares these attitudes with utilization of traditional forms of Communication Mix. The theoretical part focuses on history of communication, communication process, traditional communication mix, guerilla marketing and their mutual comparison. It is followed by practical part, which focuses on knowledge of approaches and utilization of guerilla marketing in six interviewed companies of different fields and sizes. Attitudes of consumers on traditional forms of marketing communication are derived from the secondary research, based on MML -- TGI data. The secondary research is followed by the primary research., which finds out the approach and the knowledge of guerilla marketing of customers. It compares this approach with their knowledge of traditional communication mix. The questionnaire was distributed through email to 200 consumers in total and was evaluated by 168 customers. The diploma thesis is concluded by complete evaluation, which at first highlights the effectivness of utilization of traditional advertising in television in the near future. Aditionally it takes in consideration opportunities of internet and social networks future and integration of guerilla marketing into the traditional forms of promotion. In conclusion author suggests few recommendations for companies, who want to use guerilla marketing in the future.

The diploma thesis deals with development of the MAGGI brand communication in order to increase its trustworthiness among customers and to strengthen its competitiveness. The current situation of the brand is defined primarily by brand identity analyzes by Kapferer and Ko Floor and by defining the competitive position of the brand. Based on the knowledge gained in the analytical part, a set of recommendations on brand communication are developed.

La presente investigación se basa en el estudio de la percepción que tienen los usuarios respecto a dos grupos de startups Fintech en el Perú: uno de empresas en edad temprana de vida y otro de empresas consolidadas. El objetivo del estudio es poder proveer de un marco de orientación a los startups en etapa temprana de vida para poder reubicar sus recursos, identificando áreas de alta relevancia para los usuarios, con el propósito de poder implementar estrategias de cocreación de oportunidades que permitan enriquecer la relación entre empresa-cliente. Contrario a las presunciones hechas en instancias previas de la investigación, se comprueba que el nivel de interacción entre empresa y clientes constituye un arma de doble filo, ya que puede ser una señal sintomática de fallos fundamentales en la concepción del servicio. Además, se analiza cuál es el posicionamiento de las empresas estudiadas dentro de la consideración de los clientes y cómo esto repercute en asegurar estabilidad y rentabilidad en las acciones futuras de los startups en edad temprana de vida. Finalmente, se provee de recomendaciones sobre lo que el análisis de resultados propone, así como un paralelo con las tesis sostenidas por los autores, cuyos trabajos fueron usados de referencia para esta investigación. El estudio posee un carácter pionero en la delimitación de un marco de progreso para los startups jóvenes, aunque exhibe limitaciones en la extensión del análisis, puesto que se trabaja con una cantidad reducida de empresas, con propósito de poder mostrar resultados iniciales. / The investigation seeks to provide an effective framework for star-ups in early stage of life to successfully allocate resources in order to accurately address customer wants and needs. This work has been carried on by choosing start-ups from two different groups (early stage and experienced) and comparing customer’s perception on their services. Despite initial conceptions, establishing constant communication with customers is not regarded with the same effectiveness as thought, because it might hint failures and flaws in the way a service is shaped and provided. Moreover, it has been analysed what is the positioning in the imaginary from customer’s perception of the companies chosen to feature in this work, as well as how it affects to ensure profitability and sustainability of a start-up in early stage of life. Finally, recommendations have been provided in order to help young start-ups successfully allocate their resources and make profit of an adequate relationship with their costumers in the Peruvian context, besides proposing a parallel between other author’s works used to develop this investigation. This work shall be regarded as a pioneer in its field studying how young start-ups in Peru can develop from early stages, but must be taken in consideration the limitations of the analysis, given the narrow amount of companies used to build an initial framework. / Trabajo de investigación