Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Pascal De Laquil, III. / Ph.D.

No description available.

Large White turkey breeder hens were used to examine the effect of duration of feed restriction, prebreeder protein content, and nesting material on subsequent growth and reproductive performance. Day old poults were raised following standard commercial practices with feed and water for ad libitum consumption until 6 wk of age (WOA). At this time, hens were equally divided among six grower feeding regimens. The treatments were as follows: a) a control group fed standard commercial diets for ad libitum consumption (CON); b) a second control group like (a) but fed plain white oats from 19 through 26 wk (OATS). In contrast, the 4 remaining treatment groups were feed restricted beginning at 6 WOA to achieve body weights 45% less than the full-fed CON at 16 WOA. Birds were kept at this level of restriction until either 17.0 (R17.0), 18.3 (R18.3), 19.6 (R19.6), or 20.9 (R20.9) WOA. Thereafter, feed allowance was gradually increased to achieve a predetermined minimum target BW of 10.8 kg at photostimulation. An additional prebreeder protein treatment was superimposed from 27 to 31 WOA. Treatments reduced BW but none of the four quantitatively restricted groups achieved the target BW of 10.8 kg at photostimulation. Feed restriction reduced feed consumption and improved feed conversion. There were no differences in flock uniformity, sexual maturity, mortality, body composition at photostimulation, and total egg production. The R18.3 treatment achieved the highest peak production. The quantitative restriction treatments exhibited low laying persistency. There were no differences in number of large yellow follicles, egg weight, fertility, or hatchability, but poult weight was reduced in the R18.3 treatment. Dietary protein influenced the proportions of multiple follicle sets and percentage misshaped eggs.Three nesting materials were compared and were as follows: 1) all nests filled with shavings (S), 2) all nests filled with paper chips (P), and 3) two nests filled with shavings and two nests with paper chips (S/P). There were significant differences in percentage floor and broken eggs. Nesting materials did not affect total egg production, fertility, or hatchability. The data suggest, if restriction is too severe and is continued too near to the time of conventional photostimulation, BW recovery and egg production will be depressed. Oat feeding was the easiest treatment to implement and resulted in equivalent reproductive performance. Dietary protein content may affect proportions of multiple follicle sets. Turkey breeder hens can and do distinguish between nesting materials and this may affect floor laying. Combinations of various types of nesting materials within the same breeder unit should be avoided. (Key words: turkey breeder hens, feed restriction, prebreeder protein, egg production, body composition, nesting material) / Ph. D.

L’importance de la problématique des vaches laitières non gestantes avec multiples inséminations (› 3) communément appelées « Repeat Breeder » (RB), au Québec, repose sur deux facteurs: son incidence et son impact économique. Actuellement, l’incidence du syndrome RB au Québec est de ± 25% (Rapport annuel, juin 2008, www.dsahr.ca). Les pertes monétaires associées à ce problème proviennent des frais vétérinaires et d’insémination, de la diminution de productivité ainsi que des pertes en lien avec la réforme involontaire. Afin d’avoir de meilleures connaissances sur ce syndrome, nous devons connaître les facteurs de risques généraux impliqués et ensuite explorer la condition individuelle de ces vaches problèmes. Dans la première partie de ce mémoire, une banque de données informatisées répertoriant 418 383 lactations fut analysée. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche était d’évaluer l’impact des problèmes reproducteurs post-partum et l’effet du nombre de lactations comme facteurs de risques de la vache Repeat Breeder. L’analyse a permis d’établir la dystocie comme étant la condition ayant le plus de conséquences sur la fertilité future. D’autres facteurs de risques à savoir le nombre de lactations influencent le pronostic reproducteur. La deuxième partie de ce mémoire consistait à explorer, à l’aide d’outils cliniques, la condition individuelle des vaches RB. Une étude cohorte fut menée sur des vaches Holstein en fin de période d’attente volontaire au jour 7 du cycle oestral. Les tests cliniques étudiés furent la vaginoscopie, l’examen transrectal, l’ultrasonographie du système reproducteur, la présence d’estérases leucocytaires, la bactériologie et la biochimie du liquide utérin, la cytologie endométriale et le profil de progestérone sérique. Les résultats de ces tests cliniques dévoilent que l’examen bactériologique du liquide utérin est révélateur du statut reproducteur futur. / Two factors underlie the Repeat Breeder (RB) concerns in Quebec: its incidence and economic impact. Currently RB incidence in Quebec is of ± 25% (yearly Report, June 2008, www.dsahr.ca). Monetary losses related to the RB are the result of veterinary expenses and insemination, loss of productivity and the involuntary culling. In order to have a better knowledge of this syndrome, one must understand the general risk factors involved and then explore the individual condition of these problem cows. The goal of the first part of the project was to assess the impact of the postpartum reproductive problems and the effect of the lactation number as risk factors of the Repeat Breeder cow. A computerized data bank listing 418 383 lactations was analyzed. The analysis established dystocia as being the condition with the most consequences on future fertility. Other risk factors namely the number of lactations influence the reproductive prognosis as well. The second part of the research was to explore the individual condition of the RB using clinical tools. A cohort study was conducted on Holstein cows at the end of the voluntary waiting period on day 7 of the oestrous cycle. The clinical tests studied were vaginoscopy, trans-rectal examination, ultrasonography of the reproductive system, presence of leukocyte esterase, bacteriology and biochemistry of uterine fluid, endometrial cytology and serum progesterone profile. The results of these clinical tests reveal that the bacteriological analysis of uterine fluid is indicative of future reproductive status.

L’importance de la problématique des vaches laitières non gestantes avec multiples inséminations (› 3) communément appelées « Repeat Breeder » (RB), au Québec, repose sur deux facteurs: son incidence et son impact économique. Actuellement, l’incidence du syndrome RB au Québec est de ± 25% (Rapport annuel, juin 2008, www.dsahr.ca). Les pertes monétaires associées à ce problème proviennent des frais vétérinaires et d’insémination, de la diminution de productivité ainsi que des pertes en lien avec la réforme involontaire. Afin d’avoir de meilleures connaissances sur ce syndrome, nous devons connaître les facteurs de risques généraux impliqués et ensuite explorer la condition individuelle de ces vaches problèmes. Dans la première partie de ce mémoire, une banque de données informatisées répertoriant 418 383 lactations fut analysée. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche était d’évaluer l’impact des problèmes reproducteurs post-partum et l’effet du nombre de lactations comme facteurs de risques de la vache Repeat Breeder. L’analyse a permis d’établir la dystocie comme étant la condition ayant le plus de conséquences sur la fertilité future. D’autres facteurs de risques à savoir le nombre de lactations influencent le pronostic reproducteur. La deuxième partie de ce mémoire consistait à explorer, à l’aide d’outils cliniques, la condition individuelle des vaches RB. Une étude cohorte fut menée sur des vaches Holstein en fin de période d’attente volontaire au jour 7 du cycle oestral. Les tests cliniques étudiés furent la vaginoscopie, l’examen transrectal, l’ultrasonographie du système reproducteur, la présence d’estérases leucocytaires, la bactériologie et la biochimie du liquide utérin, la cytologie endométriale et le profil de progestérone sérique. Les résultats de ces tests cliniques dévoilent que l’examen bactériologique du liquide utérin est révélateur du statut reproducteur futur. / Two factors underlie the Repeat Breeder (RB) concerns in Quebec: its incidence and economic impact. Currently RB incidence in Quebec is of ± 25% (yearly Report, June 2008, www.dsahr.ca). Monetary losses related to the RB are the result of veterinary expenses and insemination, loss of productivity and the involuntary culling. In order to have a better knowledge of this syndrome, one must understand the general risk factors involved and then explore the individual condition of these problem cows. The goal of the first part of the project was to assess the impact of the postpartum reproductive problems and the effect of the lactation number as risk factors of the Repeat Breeder cow. A computerized data bank listing 418 383 lactations was analyzed. The analysis established dystocia as being the condition with the most consequences on future fertility. Other risk factors namely the number of lactations influence the reproductive prognosis as well. The second part of the research was to explore the individual condition of the RB using clinical tools. A cohort study was conducted on Holstein cows at the end of the voluntary waiting period on day 7 of the oestrous cycle. The clinical tests studied were vaginoscopy, trans-rectal examination, ultrasonography of the reproductive system, presence of leukocyte esterase, bacteriology and biochemistry of uterine fluid, endometrial cytology and serum progesterone profile. The results of these clinical tests reveal that the bacteriological analysis of uterine fluid is indicative of future reproductive status.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar se a baixa fertilidade de vacas Holandesas repetidoras de serviço [RS; comparativamente a novilhas (NOV) e vacas próximas ao pico de lactação (PL)] está associada com comprometimento da qualidade oocitária e se esta condição é agravada pelo estresse térmico. Fêmeas das três categorias foram tratadas com o mesmo protocolo de sincronização da emergência de onda folicular. Cinco dias após o início do protocolo, a ovum pick-up (OPU) foi realizada e foram avaliados (Capítulo; Cap. 1) o número de folículos ovarianos, de oócitos totais e viáveis, temperatura retal (TR), temperatura de superfície cutânea (TC) e frequência respiratória (FR). Os oócitos viáveis foram utilizados para a produção in vitro de embriões (Cap. 2) e avaliações biomoleculares (Cap. 3). No Cap. 2, foram avaliados o desenvolvimento embrionário (taxa de clivagem, de blastocisto e de eclosão) e a qualidade dos embriões produzidos (número de células e frequência de núcleos fragmentados). No Cap. 3, realizou-se a extração de RNA e DNA de parte dos oócitos coletados para a quantificação relativa e absoluta de DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA) e a avaliação da expressão de genes relacionados à replicação/transcrição do mtDNA (PPARGC1A, NRF1, POLG, POLG2, TFAM e MT-CO1), à apoptose (BAX, BCL2 e ITM2B) e ao estresse térmico (HSP90AA1 e HSPA1AB). No Cap. 4, a taxa de concepção após IATF foi avaliada em ambas as estações do ano e nas três categorias quando o mesmo protocolo de sincronização para IATF e a mesma partida de sêmen foram utilizados. No Cap. 1, vacas RS e PL aumentaram sua FR e TR no verão em relação ao inverno (P<0,0001), enquanto as NOV mantiveram essas variáveis constantes em ambas as estações. Nas três categorias houve aumento (P<0,0001) da TC no verão, mas esta sempre foi superior (P<0,001) em vacas RS e PL do que nas NOV, independente da estação. O número de folículos e de oócitos totais e viáveis declinou nas RS e PL durante o verão, mantendo-se semelhante em NOV em ambas as estações. No Cap. 2, a taxa de clivagem foi semelhante entre categorias e estações. Já a taxa de blastocisto foi reduzida no verão nas três categorias, sendo essa queda mais acentuada nas RS. A taxa de eclosão e o número de células dos blastocistos foram menores no verão (independente de categoria). Menor número de células foi observado em embriões de RS e PL (independente da estação). Além disso, a porcentagem de núcleos fragmentados foi maior nos blastocistos das RS no verão. No Cap. 3, a expressão de ITM2B e BAX foi maior em RS durante o verão. Ainda, detectaram-se indícios da ativação de mecanismos pró-apoptóticos nos oócitos de RS (maior relação BAX/BCL-2) comparadas a PL e de mecanismos compensatórios da deficiência da função mitocondrial (menor conteúdo de mtDNA e maior expressão de PPARGCC1, NRF1, TFAM, POLG e POLG2) nas RS durante o verão em relação as demais categorias. No Cap. 4, menor taxa de concepção foi observada em RS e durante o verão. Os resultados geram evidências de que o baixo desempenho reprodutivo de vacas RS durante o verão deva estar relacionado ao comprometimento da qualidade de seus oócitos, demonstrado pelo seu reduzido conteúdo de mtDNA e elevada expressão de genes relacionados a replicação/transcrição do mtDNA, apoptose e síntese de chaperonas, culminado em baixa taxa de blastocisto e alta fragmentação nuclear destes. / The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether lower fertility of repeat-breeder (RB) Holstein cows [compared to peak lactation cows (PL) and heifers (H)] is associated with oocyte quality and whether this condition is aggravated by summer heat stress. Females of the three categories were treated with same protocol for synchronization of follicular wave emergence during summer and winter. Five days after the protocol onset, the ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed. The following variables were evaluated in Chapter 1: number of ovarian follicles before OPU, number of total and viable oocytes, rectal temperature (RT), cutaneous temperature (CT) and respiration rate (RR). Viable oocytes were sent forThe aims of the present study were to evaluate whether lower fertility of repeat-breeder (RB) Holstein cows [compared to peak lactation cows (PL) and heifers (H)] is associated with oocyte quality and whether this condition is aggravated by summer heat stress. Females of the three categories were treated with same protocol for synchronization of follicular wave emergence during summer and winter. Five days after the protocol onset, the ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed. The following variables were evaluated in Chapter 1: number of ovarian follicles before OPU, number of total and viable oocytes, rectal temperature (RT), cutaneous temperature (CT) and respiration rate (RR). Viable oocytes were sent for in vitro embryo production (Chapter 2) and bimolecular evaluation (Chapter 3). In Chapter 2, embryo development (rates of cleavage, blastocyst and hatching) and quality (total number of nuclei and frequency of nuclear fragmentation) were assessed. In Chapter 3, part of the oocytes were subjected to DNA and RNA extraction to allow relative and absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and the evaluation of the expression of genes related to mtDNA replication/transcription (PPARGC1A, NRF1, POLG, POLG2, TFAM and MT-CO1), apoptosis (BAX, BCL2 and ITM2B) and heat stress (HSP90AA1 e HSPA1AB). In Chapter 4, RB, PL and H were subjected to same protocol for fixed-time AI using the same batch of semen of a single sire in order to evaluate their P/AI during summer and winter. In Chapter 1, RB and PL had increased (P<0.0001) RR and RT during summer compared to winter; while H maintained similar RR and RT in both seasons. CT was greater (P<0.0001) during summer than winter in all categories, but it was always higher (P<0.001) in RB and PL than H, regardless of season. The numbers of follicles and total and viable oocytes were lower in RB and PL during summer than winter, and maintained stable in H in both seasons. In Chapter 2, cleavage rate was similar among categories and between seasons. However, blastocyst rate was invariably reduced during summer, but more pronouced in RB. Hatching rate and the total number of nuclei were decreased during summer, regardless of category. Lower number of nuclei was observed in RB and PL embryos compared to H, regardless of the season. Furthermore, the percentage of fragmented nuclei was greater in RB blastocysts during the summer. In Chapter 3, expressions of ITM2B and BAX were greater in RB oocytes collected during summer. Also, the activation of pro-apoptotic mechanisms (greater BAX/BCL2 ratio) was suggested in RB heat stressed-oocytes compared with PL. Activation of compensatory mechanisms of deficient mitochondrial function (low number of copies of mtDNA and increased expression of PPARGCC1, NRF1, TFAM, POLG and POLG2) were also observed in RB heat stressed-oocytes compared with PL and H. In Charpter 4, lower P/AI was observed in RB and under summer heat stress. These data provide evidences that the lower reproduction performance observed in RB during heat stress may be due to impaired oocyte quality, as shown by their reduced mtDNA content and upregulation of several genes related to mtDNA replication/transcription, apoptosis and chaperones synthesis, resulting in lower blastocyst rate and higher nuclear fragmentation of embryos.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar se a baixa fertilidade de vacas Holandesas repetidoras de serviço [RS; comparativamente a novilhas (NOV) e vacas próximas ao pico de lactação (PL)] está associada com comprometimento da qualidade oocitária e se esta condição é agravada pelo estresse térmico. Fêmeas das três categorias foram tratadas com o mesmo protocolo de sincronização da emergência de onda folicular. Cinco dias após o início do protocolo, a ovum pick-up (OPU) foi realizada e foram avaliados (Capítulo; Cap. 1) o número de folículos ovarianos, de oócitos totais e viáveis, temperatura retal (TR), temperatura de superfície cutânea (TC) e frequência respiratória (FR). Os oócitos viáveis foram utilizados para a produção in vitro de embriões (Cap. 2) e avaliações biomoleculares (Cap. 3). No Cap. 2, foram avaliados o desenvolvimento embrionário (taxa de clivagem, de blastocisto e de eclosão) e a qualidade dos embriões produzidos (número de células e frequência de núcleos fragmentados). No Cap. 3, realizou-se a extração de RNA e DNA de parte dos oócitos coletados para a quantificação relativa e absoluta de DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA) e a avaliação da expressão de genes relacionados à replicação/transcrição do mtDNA (PPARGC1A, NRF1, POLG, POLG2, TFAM e MT-CO1), à apoptose (BAX, BCL2 e ITM2B) e ao estresse térmico (HSP90AA1 e HSPA1AB). No Cap. 4, a taxa de concepção após IATF foi avaliada em ambas as estações do ano e nas três categorias quando o mesmo protocolo de sincronização para IATF e a mesma partida de sêmen foram utilizados. No Cap. 1, vacas RS e PL aumentaram sua FR e TR no verão em relação ao inverno (P<0,0001), enquanto as NOV mantiveram essas variáveis constantes em ambas as estações. Nas três categorias houve aumento (P<0,0001) da TC no verão, mas esta sempre foi superior (P<0,001) em vacas RS e PL do que nas NOV, independente da estação. O número de folículos e de oócitos totais e viáveis declinou nas RS e PL durante o verão, mantendo-se semelhante em NOV em ambas as estações. No Cap. 2, a taxa de clivagem foi semelhante entre categorias e estações. Já a taxa de blastocisto foi reduzida no verão nas três categorias, sendo essa queda mais acentuada nas RS. A taxa de eclosão e o número de células dos blastocistos foram menores no verão (independente de categoria). Menor número de células foi observado em embriões de RS e PL (independente da estação). Além disso, a porcentagem de núcleos fragmentados foi maior nos blastocistos das RS no verão. No Cap. 3, a expressão de ITM2B e BAX foi maior em RS durante o verão. Ainda, detectaram-se indícios da ativação de mecanismos pró-apoptóticos nos oócitos de RS (maior relação BAX/BCL-2) comparadas a PL e de mecanismos compensatórios da deficiência da função mitocondrial (menor conteúdo de mtDNA e maior expressão de PPARGCC1, NRF1, TFAM, POLG e POLG2) nas RS durante o verão em relação as demais categorias. No Cap. 4, menor taxa de concepção foi observada em RS e durante o verão. Os resultados geram evidências de que o baixo desempenho reprodutivo de vacas RS durante o verão deva estar relacionado ao comprometimento da qualidade de seus oócitos, demonstrado pelo seu reduzido conteúdo de mtDNA e elevada expressão de genes relacionados a replicação/transcrição do mtDNA, apoptose e síntese de chaperonas, culminado em baixa taxa de blastocisto e alta fragmentação nuclear destes. / The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether lower fertility of repeat-breeder (RB) Holstein cows [compared to peak lactation cows (PL) and heifers (H)] is associated with oocyte quality and whether this condition is aggravated by summer heat stress. Females of the three categories were treated with same protocol for synchronization of follicular wave emergence during summer and winter. Five days after the protocol onset, the ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed. The following variables were evaluated in Chapter 1: number of ovarian follicles before OPU, number of total and viable oocytes, rectal temperature (RT), cutaneous temperature (CT) and respiration rate (RR). Viable oocytes were sent forThe aims of the present study were to evaluate whether lower fertility of repeat-breeder (RB) Holstein cows [compared to peak lactation cows (PL) and heifers (H)] is associated with oocyte quality and whether this condition is aggravated by summer heat stress. Females of the three categories were treated with same protocol for synchronization of follicular wave emergence during summer and winter. Five days after the protocol onset, the ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed. The following variables were evaluated in Chapter 1: number of ovarian follicles before OPU, number of total and viable oocytes, rectal temperature (RT), cutaneous temperature (CT) and respiration rate (RR). Viable oocytes were sent for in vitro embryo production (Chapter 2) and bimolecular evaluation (Chapter 3). In Chapter 2, embryo development (rates of cleavage, blastocyst and hatching) and quality (total number of nuclei and frequency of nuclear fragmentation) were assessed. In Chapter 3, part of the oocytes were subjected to DNA and RNA extraction to allow relative and absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and the evaluation of the expression of genes related to mtDNA replication/transcription (PPARGC1A, NRF1, POLG, POLG2, TFAM and MT-CO1), apoptosis (BAX, BCL2 and ITM2B) and heat stress (HSP90AA1 e HSPA1AB). In Chapter 4, RB, PL and H were subjected to same protocol for fixed-time AI using the same batch of semen of a single sire in order to evaluate their P/AI during summer and winter. In Chapter 1, RB and PL had increased (P<0.0001) RR and RT during summer compared to winter; while H maintained similar RR and RT in both seasons. CT was greater (P<0.0001) during summer than winter in all categories, but it was always higher (P<0.001) in RB and PL than H, regardless of season. The numbers of follicles and total and viable oocytes were lower in RB and PL during summer than winter, and maintained stable in H in both seasons. In Chapter 2, cleavage rate was similar among categories and between seasons. However, blastocyst rate was invariably reduced during summer, but more pronouced in RB. Hatching rate and the total number of nuclei were decreased during summer, regardless of category. Lower number of nuclei was observed in RB and PL embryos compared to H, regardless of the season. Furthermore, the percentage of fragmented nuclei was greater in RB blastocysts during the summer. In Chapter 3, expressions of ITM2B and BAX were greater in RB oocytes collected during summer. Also, the activation of pro-apoptotic mechanisms (greater BAX/BCL2 ratio) was suggested in RB heat stressed-oocytes compared with PL. Activation of compensatory mechanisms of deficient mitochondrial function (low number of copies of mtDNA and increased expression of PPARGCC1, NRF1, TFAM, POLG and POLG2) were also observed in RB heat stressed-oocytes compared with PL and H. In Charpter 4, lower P/AI was observed in RB and under summer heat stress. These data provide evidences that the lower reproduction performance observed in RB during heat stress may be due to impaired oocyte quality, as shown by their reduced mtDNA content and upregulation of several genes related to mtDNA replication/transcription, apoptosis and chaperones synthesis, resulting in lower blastocyst rate and higher nuclear fragmentation of embryos.

Metallic fuels have an important role to play in "fast breeder" Gen-IV type nuclear reactors, and U-Pu-Zr is one of the prototypical systems. Because of the variability in fuel chemistry during burn-up, it is important to understand the effect of minor actinides and fission products on phase stability. Within this framework, we present a study on phase equilibria in the binary Np-Zr alloy system on which little work has been published. To resolve the contradictory reports on the ordering/ clustering trends of the bcc phase, a thermodynamic study is performed using the CALPHAD method. The calculated Np-Zr phase diagram is consistent with two sets of data: formation enthalpies of the bcc phase that are calculated with ab initio KKR-ASA-CPA electronic-structure method and lattice stabilities of solution phases obtained from first-principles technique. Another important feature in the Np-Zr alloy system is the non-stoichiometric delta-NpZr2 phase that forms in a hexagonal C32 structure similar to the delta-phase in the U-Zr system and the w-phase in pure Zr. An increase in the homogeneity range of the delta-phase when going from Pu to Np and to U is attributed to a lowering of its heat of formation that is caused by an increase in d-band occupation. Two different possibilities for the stability of the delta- and w- phases have been proposed in the present work. Additionally, calculated changes in enthalpy versus temperature are plotted for two alloy compositions of the Np-Zr system to guide future experimental work in resolving important issues in this system. Finally, an ab initio study, implemented with the L(S)DA U formalism, is performed for pure Np that reveals a transition from a non-magnetic to a magnetic state at a critical U parameter.

This thesis is an investigation of dietary alterations, including the addition of fibre and an appetite suppressant (alternative diet) and the use of a skip-a-day (SAD) feeding regime, which may reduce hunger. Broiler breeders are severely feed restricted to limit growth, leading to symptoms of chronic hunger. We used behavioural indices, feather condition scoring and preference tests were used to compare satiating properties of the diets. Alternative diets reduced symptoms of hunger such as feather, object and aggressive pecking and resulted in better feather condition. Although SAD birds feather pecked more during feeding bouts, SAD birds still had better feather condition than daily birds. Preference testing revealed no differences in dietary preference, implying a lack of preference, or a methodological flaw. However, no aversion to the alternative diet was evident. Alternative diets, regardless of feeding frequency, may be the best option for bettering the welfare of growing broiler breeders. / Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, OMAFRA, Canadian Poultry Research Council

Resumo: Foram avaliados parâmetros fisiológicos e imunológicos de matrizes de corte vacinadas ou não contra o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (VBIG), submetidas a diferentes períodos de jejum após a eclosão, seguido de alimentação até a terceira semana de vida. No Capítulo 2, encontram-se os resultados do desempenho zootécnico e o desenvolvimento de órgãos gastrintestinais. No Capítulo 3, estão descritos os resultados de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. O Capítulo 4 apresenta as cinéticas de decaimento dos anticorpos maternos e os perfis cinéticos da reposta imune humoral nos compartimentos local e sistêmico. A vacina contra a BIG influenciou parâmetros de desempenho, de morfometria intestinal, o hematócrito, parâmetros bioquímicos, percentuais de heterófilos e linfócitos e induziu a resposta imune humoral na secreção lacrimal. O jejum pós-eclosão prolongado seguido de alimentação influenciou negativamente o desempenho, o desenvolvimento das vísceras gastrintestinais, as variáveis bioquímicas, imunológicas e a maioria das variáveis hematológicas. Os dados indicam que períodos de jejum pós-eclosão superiores a 48 h devem ser evitados, pois ao afetar negativamente parâmetros hematológicos, intestinais e imunológicos, podem comprometer o crescimento das matrizes e inferir negativamente sobre sua resposta imune. No entanto, o jejum moderado pode favorecer a resposta imune vacinal / Abstract: Immunological and physiological parameters were evaluated in broiler breeder vaccinated or not against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), submitted to different periods of fasting post-hatching, followed by feed until the third week of life. In Chapter 2, are the results of zootechnical performance and development of gastrointestinal organs. The Chapter 3 describes the results of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood. Chapter 4 presents the kinetics of decay of maternal antibodies and the kinetic profiles of humoral immune response in local and systemic compartments. The IBV vaccine influenced parameters of performance, intestinal morphology, hematocrit, biochemical parameters, percentage of heterophils and lymphocytes, and induced humoral immune response in tear secretion. Prolonged fasting post-hatching, followed by feeding, negatively affected the performance, the development of gastrointestinal organs, biochemical variables, immunological and the most of hematological variables. The data indicate that periods of fasting post-hatching over 48 h should be avoided as they adversely affect the hematological, gastrointestinal and immunologic, may compromise the growth of broiler breeder and infer a negative effect on their immune response. However, moderate fasting can promote the immune response vaccine / Orientador: Renato Luís Furlan / Coorientador: Hélio José Montassier / Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque / Banca: Vera Maria Barbosa de Moraes / Mestre