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No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_mb_dr_jabo.pdf: 1682251 bytes, checksum: febd0010dceb761ccc4f0391786d0513 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa: 1) determinar as exigências de mantença de valina (Val), isoleucina (Ile) e triptofano (Trp) digestível utilizando diferentes sistemas de unidade; 2) avaliar as respostas de aves reprodutoras pesadas para diferentes ingestões de Val, Ile e Trp, determinar a eficiência de utilização e desenvolver um modelo fatorial; 3) calcular a ingestão ótima econômica de Val, Ile e Trp para aves reprodutoras pesadas utilizando o Modelo de Reading; 4) determinar as exigências de arginina digestível para manutenção utilizando diferentes sistemas de unidades; avaliar as respostas de aves reprodutoras pesadas para diferentes ingestões de arginina, estimar os parâmetros do Modelo de Reading pelo método da simulação e equação para aves reprodutoras pesadas e calcular a ingestão ótima econômica de arginina, considerando a relação entre custo-benefício e a variabilidade da população. Para o objetivo 1 foram realizados três ensaios utilizando 144 galos Cobb 500. A exigência de mantença foi obtida pela relação entre a ingestão do aminoácido e o nitrogênio retido. Os diferentes sistemas de unidade foram: mg/kg de peso corporal, mg/kg de peso metabólico e mg/kg de peso proteico. Para o objetivo 2 foram realizados três ensaios utilizando 192 aves reprodutoras pesadas. Os dados obtidos foram ingestão do aminoácido (IAA), peso corporal (PC) e massa de ovo (MO). O modelo modificado para calcular as exigências dos aminoácidos foi: IAA=[AAm×(PC×0,196)0,73]+[(Novo×MO×AAovo)/k], onde AAm é o aminoácido para mantença, Novo é o nitrogênio do ovo, AAovo é o aminoácido do ovo e k é a eficiência de utilização. Para o objetivo 3 utilizou-se os dados de AAI, MO e PC do objetivo 2 que foram ajustados pelo modelo de Reading. Para determinar as exigências dos aminoácidos pelo método da simulação foram utilizados 10.000 aves. Para o objetivo 4 foram realizados dois ensaios, o primeiro utilizando 42 galos Ross e o segundo utilizando 64 aves reprodutoras pesadas Ross. Os procedimentos utilizados foram semelhantes aos objetivos 1, 2 e 3. As conclusões obtidas foram: A exigência de manutenção é mais adequadamente expressa como teor de proteína corporal. A predição do modelo foi melhorado utilizando os coeficientes estimados com unidades fisiologicamente relevantes. O modelo de Reading pode ser utilizado para estimar as ingestões ótimas de aminoácidos para galinhas sob diferentes cenários genéticos e econômico e, dependendo dos ingredientes disponíveis e seus preços, o custo de cada um dos aminoácidos pode variar. / The objective of this research were: 1) determine the requirements for maintenance of valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile) and tryptophan (Trp) digestible using different unit systems; 2) evaluate the responses of broiler breeder hens to different intakes of Val, Ile and Trp, determine the efficiency of utilization and develop a factorial model; 3) calculate the economic optimum intake of Val, Ile and Trp for broiler breeder hens using the Reading Model; 4) determine the digestible arginine requirements for maintenance using different unit systems; evaluate the responses of broiler breeder hens to different intakes of arginine, estimate the parameters of the Reading Model by the method of simulation and equation for broiler breeder hens and calculate the economic optimum intake of arginine, considering the relationship between costbenefit and flock variability. For the objective 1 were conducted three trials using 144 Cobb 500 roosters. The requirement for maintenance was obtained by the relationship between amino acid intake and nitrogen retention. The different unit systems were: mg/kg of body weight, mg/kg of metabolic weight (BW0.75) and metabolic protein weight at maturity (BPm 0.73×u).For the objective 2 were conducted three trials using 192 Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens. The data obtained were: amino acid intake (AAI), body weight (BW) and the egg output (EO). The modified model to calculate the requirements of amino acids was: AAI=[AAm ×(BW×0.196)0.73]+[(Negg×EO×AAegg)/k] where AAm is the amino acid for maintenance, Negg is nitrogen egg, AAegg amino acid in egg, k is efficiency of utilization. For the objective 3 was used the AAI, EO and BW data from objective 2 that were adjusted by Reading Model. To determine the requirements of amino acids by the simulation method were used 10,000 birds. For objective 4 were conducted two trials, the first using 42 Ross roosters and the second trial using 64 Ross broiler breeder hens. The procedures used were similar to the objectives 1, 2 and 3. The conclusions obtained were: The maintenance requirement is more appropriately expressed as body protein content. The prediction of the model was improved using the coefficients estimated here with physiologically relevant units. The Reading Model could be used to estimate the optimum amino acid intakes for hens under different genetic and economic scenarios and depending on the ingredients available and their prices, the cost of each amino acid will vary. / FAPESP: 2013/13957-1

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The need to improve the reproductive performance of broiler breeders have been contributed to development of new concepts and products in animal nutrition. Carophyll Red® has in your composition canthaxantin. Has been accepted that canthaxantin has high antioxidant capacity.The 25-(OH)D3 (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), an intermediary between the vitamin D3 and the active form of this vitamin D. This is allied with the metabolism and transfer of calcium from the shell to the embryo. HY-D® is a form of vitamin D, his composition. Rovimix® Maxichick is the association of canthaxanthin and 25-(OH)D3. The experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the use of canthaxanthin and/or 25- hydroxycholecalciferol (25-(OH)D3) on performance of broiler breeders. Its was used 264 females and 24 males COBB 500® broiler breeders with 25 to 52 weeks of age. The diets were composed basically of vegetable ingredients, based on corn and soybean meal. It was used four treatments: 1 - control diet, 2 - control diet with addition of 25-(OH)D3, 3 - control diet with addition of canthaxanthin (CX), 4 - control diet with a combination of these two active ingredients (25-(OH)D3 + CX). The parameters evaluated were body weight, laying rate, egg weight, specific gravity, weight of albumen, yolk and shell percentage, albumen, yolk and shell, yolk color and oxidation. To evaluate the laying rate were performed six daily collections during the experimental period. Eggs collect a day of week were used for all others analysis. The egg production rates were not affected by different treatments (P=0.5151).The egg, yolk and albumen weight s and specific gravity were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Broiler breeders fed canthaxanthin in diet had highest deposition of carotenoids in the yolk. / A necessidade de melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo de matrizes de corte contribuí para os conceitos de desenvolvimento e novos produtos na alimentação animal. Carophyll Red® tem na sua composição cantaxantina, a qual é estudada pela sua capacidade antioxidante 25 - (OH)D3 (25-hidroxicolecalciferol), um intermediário entre a vitamina D3 e da forma ativa da vitamina D. Esta, é aliada com o metabolismo e transferência de cálcio da casca para o embrião. HY-D® possui na sua composição 25 - (OH)D3. Rovimix Maxichick® é a associação de cantaxantina e 25 - (OH)D3. O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o uso da cantaxantina e / ou 25 - (OH)D3 sobre o desempenho de matrizes de corte, Cobb® entre 25e 52 semanas de idade. As dietas foram compostas basicamente de ingredientes vegetais, tendo por base milho e farelo de soja. Foram utilizados quatro tratamentos: 1 - dieta controle (sem aditivos em estudo), 2 - dieta controle com adição de 25 - (OH) D3, adicionando o produto HY-D®, 3 - dieta controle com adição de cantaxantina (CX) através da inclusão do produto Carophyll Red®, 4 - dieta com a associação dos princípios ativos (25 - (OH)D3 + CX) com o uso de Rovimix® MaxiChick. Foram avaliados o peso corporal, taxa de postura, peso dos ovos, densidade específica de ovos, peso do albúmen, gema e casca e porcentagem de albúmen, gema e casca, coloração da gema e a peroxidação de lipídios da gema. Para avaliar a taxa de postura foram realizadas seis coletas diárias durante todo o período experimental. Todos os ovos de uma coleta por semana foram utilizados para análise dos outros parâmetros. Os diferentes tratamentos não afetaram a taxa postura no período (P=0,5148). A gravidade específica, pesos de gema, albúmen e casca de ovo também não foram afetados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). Matrizes pesadas que receberam cantaxantina na dieta, apresentaram maior deposição de carotenóides na gema.

Large White turkey breeder hens were used to examine the effect of duration of feed restriction, prebreeder protein content, and nesting material on subsequent growth and reproductive performance. Day old poults were raised following standard commercial practices with feed and water for ad libitum consumption until 6 wk of age (WOA). At this time, hens were equally divided among six grower feeding regimens. The treatments were as follows: a) a control group fed standard commercial diets for ad libitum consumption (CON); b) a second control group like (a) but fed plain white oats from 19 through 26 wk (OATS). In contrast, the 4 remaining treatment groups were feed restricted beginning at 6 WOA to achieve body weights 45% less than the full-fed CON at 16 WOA. Birds were kept at this level of restriction until either 17.0 (R17.0), 18.3 (R18.3), 19.6 (R19.6), or 20.9 (R20.9) WOA. Thereafter, feed allowance was gradually increased to achieve a predetermined minimum target BW of 10.8 kg at photostimulation. An additional prebreeder protein treatment was superimposed from 27 to 31 WOA. Treatments reduced BW but none of the four quantitatively restricted groups achieved the target BW of 10.8 kg at photostimulation. Feed restriction reduced feed consumption and improved feed conversion. There were no differences in flock uniformity, sexual maturity, mortality, body composition at photostimulation, and total egg production. The R18.3 treatment achieved the highest peak production. The quantitative restriction treatments exhibited low laying persistency. There were no differences in number of large yellow follicles, egg weight, fertility, or hatchability, but poult weight was reduced in the R18.3 treatment. Dietary protein influenced the proportions of multiple follicle sets and percentage misshaped eggs.Three nesting materials were compared and were as follows: 1) all nests filled with shavings (S), 2) all nests filled with paper chips (P), and 3) two nests filled with shavings and two nests with paper chips (S/P). There were significant differences in percentage floor and broken eggs. Nesting materials did not affect total egg production, fertility, or hatchability. The data suggest, if restriction is too severe and is continued too near to the time of conventional photostimulation, BW recovery and egg production will be depressed. Oat feeding was the easiest treatment to implement and resulted in equivalent reproductive performance. Dietary protein content may affect proportions of multiple follicle sets. Turkey breeder hens can and do distinguish between nesting materials and this may affect floor laying. Combinations of various types of nesting materials within the same breeder unit should be avoided. (Key words: turkey breeder hens, feed restriction, prebreeder protein, egg production, body composition, nesting material) / Ph. D.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the consumption of aflatoxins and adsorbents (esterifid glucomannan) for broiler breeders on productive and reproductive aspects addition to verify the residual effects on the progeny. Four experiments were conducted, with the first consisting of 240 broiler breeders feed with increasing levels of aflatoxins, according to the treatment: T1 free aflatoxins diet and treatments T2, T3 and T4, dies containing 0.250, 0.500 and 0.750mg the aflatoxins/kg of diet. The second experiment was composed of 300 broiler breeders submitted to diets containing aflatoxins, in the presence or not of adsorbent as treatments: T1 breeders feed free aflatoxins diets, T2 breeders feed diets containing 0.500mg of aflatoxins / kg of diet, T3 breeders submitted to the same level of aflatoxins in T2, but with 0.10% of adsorbent, T4 consists of breeders feed diets containing 0.750mg of aflatoxins/kg of diet and treatment T5 breeders submitted to the same level of aflatoxins of T4, but with 0.10% of adsorbent. The third and fourth experiments were composed of chicks from broiler breeder belonging to the first and second experiment, respectively. The parameters evaluated in the broiler breeders were: body weight, egg production, mass of eggs, egg weight, specific gravity, hatchability and chicks quality, and the study involving progeny were evaluated body weight, weight gain, feed conversion by weight gain, blood protein and albumin and liver and bursa weights in the first day of age. The performance of breoiler breeders subjected to diets containing increasing levels of aflatoxins, as well, broiler breeders subjected to diets containing levels of aflatoxins and adsorbent in the throws was not influenced. The progeny performance, in the same way, does not show the effect of the treatments applied on the broiler breeder hens. / Este estudo foi realizado para investigar o efeito do consumo de aflatoxinas e adsorventes (glucomananos esterificados) por matrizes de corte sobre aspectos produtivos e reprodutivos, além de verificar os efeitos residuais sobre a progênie. Foram realizados quatro experimentos, sendo o primeiro composto por 240 matrizes submetidas a níveis crescentes de aflatoxinas, segundo os tratamentos: T1 - dieta isenta de aflatoxinas, T2, T3 e T4, matrizes submetidas à dietas contendo 0,250, 0,500 e 0,750mg de aflatoxinas/kg de dieta. O segundo experimento foi composto por 300 matrizes submetidas à dietas contendo aflatoxinas, com presença ou não de adsorvente, conforme os tratamentos: T1 - matrizes submetidas à dietas isentas de aflatoxinas; T2 - aves alimentadas com dietas contendo 0,500mg de aflatoxinas/kg de dieta; T3 - aves submetidas ao mesmo nível de aflatoxinas do T2, porém com 0,10% de adsorvente, T4 - constituído por aves alimentadas com dietas contendo 0,750mg de aflatoxinas/kg de dieta e o tratamento e T5 - aves submetidas ao mesmo nível de aflatoxinas do T4, porém, com 0,10% de adsorvente. O terceiro e o quarto experimentos foram compostos por pintos oriundos de matrizes pertencentes ao primeiro e segundo experimento, respectivamente. Os parâmetros avaliados nas matrizes de corte foram: peso corporal, taxa de postura, massa de ovos, peso de ovos, gravidade específica, eclodibilidade e qualidade de pintos, e no estudo envolvendo a progênie foram avaliados peso corporal, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, proteína e albumina sanguíneos e pesos de fígado e bursa ao primeiro dia de idade. O desempenho de matrizes de corte submetidas à dietas contendo níveis crescentes de aflatoxinas, bem como, de matrizes submetidas a dietas contendo níveis de aflatoxinas e adsorvente na deita não foi influenciado. Os índices zootécnicos da progênie, da mesma forma, não evidenciaram efeito dos tratamentos aplicado às matrizes de corte.