M.A. (Afrikaans) / It has already become a generally accepted platitude to assert that the political novel under the influence of French philosophers Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus has as its aim to explicitly manipulate the concrete reader towards a "desired" attitude. "Desired" then in the sense that the reader will be persuaded by means of literary strategies to accept that particular ideological viewpoint which is communicated by the text. Research done into the aspects of historicity of Houd-den-Bek by Andre P. Brink and as it is utilized by him in the manuscript and other investigations have revealed drastic deviations from the historical facts concerning the slave rebellion during 1825 in the Koue Bokkeveld. The novel employs this chain of events as the narrative. Deviations from the factual can be related to the abstract author's will to evoke from the reader a sympathetic or antipathetic response towards figures or groups. The investigation undertaken by H.P. van Coller (1988) also mainly covered the story aspects of the text. The discursive structure of the whole work (which has not yet been fully researched), especially in relation to the manipulating role of the abstract author as the supreme text internal force, is investigated as a segment of this research project. The nature of the literary communication, namely manipulation as text strategy, which is typical of the engaged text, has been criptically traced. In this investigation the emphasis has fallen on certain manipulation strategies which is typical of the engaged text and then particularly on the compositional level, the word level and the conceptual level. Both intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics have been noted in order to establish in what way the organizing force has manifested itself in this text. It has been established that a pragmatic maneuvering is present in the manipulative proceeds of this particular novel which is directed in a clearly persuasive way. i, Finally it has been established from the reaction of literary scholars, critics and readers that a communication process did take place, that the reader was confronted with a "new" ideology. The reception investigations of critics have been employed in order to establish if the persuasive proceeds, which have been built into the structure of the text, do fulfil their referential function with the intended reader/critic as reproductive reader. Was this then so effective that the reality in Houd-den-Bek could become an emotional guilt ridden stimulus not only to the intended reader, but also to the critic. In other words: has the abstract author managed to manipulate the critic and in so doing, has he managed to influence his objective jUdgement as well. The conclusion that has been arrived at amongst other things, is that the too obvious manipulation present in the novel adversely affects it. Manipulative techniques that have been used excessively become "automatic" as a result of being over-emphasized and they therefore lose their effect. The reality model in the text has only been able to persuade the reader/critic in a limited way to become critically aware

The dissertation offers a reception study followed by a critical analysis of Bidsprinkaan by André P. Brink [Praying Mantis, 2005], as well as a careful study of the relevant historical and anthropological intertexts pertaining to the text. This research adds to a fuller understanding of the history of Cupido Kakkerlak and the missionaries. Brink encoded the novel with certain historical and anthropological codes, well-hidden beneath the surface of his fictional writing, thus achieving a finely balanced interaction between fact and fiction in his novelistic construct. This novelistic amalgam of the imaginative world with the historical and anthropological material, gives multidimensionality to the text which is not visible at a first superficial reading. Failing to recognize the traces to these intertexts, would result in a lesser understanding of the conflicting fields in which the main character is positioned, specifically between indigenous belief and Christianity, as well as between indigenous culture and mythology on the one hand, and western culture on the other hand. The author ‘encodes’ the novel (to use the terminology of Jakobson’s communication model) with these historical and anthropological intertexts, which the reader has to ‘decode’ in order to unlock the novel. One central technique therefore, is that of interwoven fact and fiction. This is a technique employed in most of Brink’s novels, such as ‘n Oomblik in die wind, 1975 [An Instant in the Wind], Houd-den-Bek, 1982 [A chain of voices,], Die eerste lewe van Adamastor, 1986 [The First Life of Adamastor, 1993], Inteendeel, 1993 [On the Contrary, 1993] and Duiwelskloof, 1998 [Devil’s Valley, 1998]. Khoi and San history, culture and identity also figure centrally in these novels. A further aspect of my hypothesis is suggested by the politically correct Afrikaans title, Bidsprinkaan (the common nomenclature for the praying mantis is “hotnotsgot”, which roughly translates as “hottentots’ god”, with obvious racial pejorative suggestion). Brink’s use of “bidsprinkaan” for his title, alerts the reader to contemporary political sensitivity, thus contrasting the society of two centuries ago with the present. The more sophisticated reading process followed here compares colonial and postcolonial South African societies, and attempts to tease out the implied ideological facet embedded in the novel.

No description available.

Ao largo da costa oeste da Am´erica do Sul o sistema de ressurg^encia costeira apresenta uma excepcional produtividade, um resultado da alta efici^encia do ecossistema biol´ogico em converter a produ¸c~ao prim´aria em biomassa. Esses processos qu´?micobiol ´ogicos s~ao fortemente modulados pelo ambiente f´?sico da regi~ao. Por exemplo, durante eventos do El-Ni~no a produtividade pesqueira ´e fortemente prejudicada em resposta a uma inibi¸c~ao da ressurg^encia costeira. Apesar disso ser um fato j´a bastante conhecido desde ´epocas pr´e-colombianas, muita d´uvida ainda persiste sobre o mecanismo pelo qual o sistema costeiro ´e afetado por esses fen^omenos de grande escala. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de se contribuir com esse conhecimento, estudando como ocorreram as mudan¸cas do sistema durante recentes eventos El Ni~no, principalmente na escala intrasazonal. Nessa investiga¸c~ao foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias de an´alise de dados para identificar a natureza dos for¸cantes de oscila¸c~oes significativas observadas durante o El Ni~no 1997-1998. Tamb´em foi investigado se essas oscila¸c~oes foram for¸cadas remotamente e se propagaram como ondas aprisionadas na costa; quais foram suas propriedades espaciais e sua propaga¸c~ao longo da costa. A primeira parte do trabalho consiste na an´alise da variabilidade temporal e a caracteriza¸c~ao das flutua¸c~oes de baixa freq¨u^encia ocorridas durante eventos El Ni~no. Essa an´alise faz uso do espectro de ondeleta aplicado a s´eries temporais longas de dados do n´?vel do mar de esta¸c~oes costeiras distribu´?das ao longo da costa sul do Equador, costa do Peru e costa norte do Chile. O espectro de ondeleta cruzada e o espectro da coer^encia foram usados para avaliar a import^ancia relativa das for¸cantes remota e local das varia¸c~oes do n´?vel do mar associadas com os efeitos do El Ni~no 1997-1998. Na segunda parte, as flutua¸c~oes for¸cadas remotamente foram comparadas com modelos lineares simples e o modelo de Brink e Chapman (1987) para se obter as propriedades das ondas aprisionadas na costa durante o El Ni~no Extraordin ´ario (1997-1998). Uma importante conclus~ao dessas an´alises foi a constata¸c~ao de que variabilidades intrasazonais ao largo da costa do Peru durante esse El Ni~no foi, em parte significativa, o resultado da atua¸c~ao de for¸cantes remotas e locais, associadas com ondas equatoriais incidindo na Costa Oeste da Am´erica do Sul e com o efeito do vento, respectivamente. / Off the western coast of South America, the coastal upwelling system presents an exceptional productivity, a result of the high efficiency of the biological ecosystem in converting the primary production into biomass. These chemical and biological processes are strongly modulated by the physical environment. For instance, during El Ni~no events the fishery productivity is strongly impaired in response to an inhibition of the coastal upwelling. In spite of this fact be widely known since pre-Colombian times, much doubts still persist about the mechanism by means of which the coastal system is affected by the large scale phenomena. The present work was idealized with the intention of contributing for this knowledge, studying how occurred the changes in the system during recent El Ni~no events, with emphasis on the intraseasonal scale. In this investigation, different methodologies of data analysis were used to identify the nature of the forcing which produced significant oscillations observed during the El Ni~no 1997-1998. Also, it was investigated if these oscillations were remotely forced and propagated along the coast as coastal trapped waves; what were their spatial and propagation properties. The first part of the work consists of an analysis of the temporal variability and the characterization of the low-frequency fluctuations occurred during the El Ni~no events. This analysis uses the wavelet spectrum applied to time series of sea level data collected off southern Equador, Peru and northern Chile. The cross wavelet spectrum and coherence spectrum were used to evaluate the relative importance of local and remote forcing of the sea level, associated with effects of the 1997-1998 El Ni~no. In the second part, the fluctuations remotely forced wer compared with results of simple linear models and with the model of Brink and Chapman (1987), in order to obtain the coastal trapped waves properties during that extraordinary El Ni~no event. One important conclusion of these analyses was the confirmation that the intraseasonal variability observed offo Peru during the 1997-1998 El Ni~no was, in part, the result of remote and local forcing, associated with equatorial waves and the wind effect, respectively.

Ao largo da costa oeste da Am´erica do Sul o sistema de ressurg^encia costeira apresenta uma excepcional produtividade, um resultado da alta efici^encia do ecossistema biol´ogico em converter a produ¸c~ao prim´aria em biomassa. Esses processos qu´?micobiol ´ogicos s~ao fortemente modulados pelo ambiente f´?sico da regi~ao. Por exemplo, durante eventos do El-Ni~no a produtividade pesqueira ´e fortemente prejudicada em resposta a uma inibi¸c~ao da ressurg^encia costeira. Apesar disso ser um fato j´a bastante conhecido desde ´epocas pr´e-colombianas, muita d´uvida ainda persiste sobre o mecanismo pelo qual o sistema costeiro ´e afetado por esses fen^omenos de grande escala. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de se contribuir com esse conhecimento, estudando como ocorreram as mudan¸cas do sistema durante recentes eventos El Ni~no, principalmente na escala intrasazonal. Nessa investiga¸c~ao foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias de an´alise de dados para identificar a natureza dos for¸cantes de oscila¸c~oes significativas observadas durante o El Ni~no 1997-1998. Tamb´em foi investigado se essas oscila¸c~oes foram for¸cadas remotamente e se propagaram como ondas aprisionadas na costa; quais foram suas propriedades espaciais e sua propaga¸c~ao longo da costa. A primeira parte do trabalho consiste na an´alise da variabilidade temporal e a caracteriza¸c~ao das flutua¸c~oes de baixa freq¨u^encia ocorridas durante eventos El Ni~no. Essa an´alise faz uso do espectro de ondeleta aplicado a s´eries temporais longas de dados do n´?vel do mar de esta¸c~oes costeiras distribu´?das ao longo da costa sul do Equador, costa do Peru e costa norte do Chile. O espectro de ondeleta cruzada e o espectro da coer^encia foram usados para avaliar a import^ancia relativa das for¸cantes remota e local das varia¸c~oes do n´?vel do mar associadas com os efeitos do El Ni~no 1997-1998. Na segunda parte, as flutua¸c~oes for¸cadas remotamente foram comparadas com modelos lineares simples e o modelo de Brink e Chapman (1987) para se obter as propriedades das ondas aprisionadas na costa durante o El Ni~no Extraordin ´ario (1997-1998). Uma importante conclus~ao dessas an´alises foi a constata¸c~ao de que variabilidades intrasazonais ao largo da costa do Peru durante esse El Ni~no foi, em parte significativa, o resultado da atua¸c~ao de for¸cantes remotas e locais, associadas com ondas equatoriais incidindo na Costa Oeste da Am´erica do Sul e com o efeito do vento, respectivamente. / Off the western coast of South America, the coastal upwelling system presents an exceptional productivity, a result of the high efficiency of the biological ecosystem in converting the primary production into biomass. These chemical and biological processes are strongly modulated by the physical environment. For instance, during El Ni~no events the fishery productivity is strongly impaired in response to an inhibition of the coastal upwelling. In spite of this fact be widely known since pre-Colombian times, much doubts still persist about the mechanism by means of which the coastal system is affected by the large scale phenomena. The present work was idealized with the intention of contributing for this knowledge, studying how occurred the changes in the system during recent El Ni~no events, with emphasis on the intraseasonal scale. In this investigation, different methodologies of data analysis were used to identify the nature of the forcing which produced significant oscillations observed during the El Ni~no 1997-1998. Also, it was investigated if these oscillations were remotely forced and propagated along the coast as coastal trapped waves; what were their spatial and propagation properties. The first part of the work consists of an analysis of the temporal variability and the characterization of the low-frequency fluctuations occurred during the El Ni~no events. This analysis uses the wavelet spectrum applied to time series of sea level data collected off southern Equador, Peru and northern Chile. The cross wavelet spectrum and coherence spectrum were used to evaluate the relative importance of local and remote forcing of the sea level, associated with effects of the 1997-1998 El Ni~no. In the second part, the fluctuations remotely forced wer compared with results of simple linear models and with the model of Brink and Chapman (1987), in order to obtain the coastal trapped waves properties during that extraordinary El Ni~no event. One important conclusion of these analyses was the confirmation that the intraseasonal variability observed offo Peru during the 1997-1998 El Ni~no was, in part, the result of remote and local forcing, associated with equatorial waves and the wind effect, respectively.

The flow characteristics of the subcritical and supercritical flows over a free overfall in a rectangular channel are studied experimentally. A series of experiments were conducted in a tilting flume with a wide range of flow rate. Data collected by several researchers are also included. An empirical relationship, which gives the flow rate as a function of the brink depth, the channel bed slope and the bed roughness are confirmed by using data collected in present study. In addition, the behaviors of the ratio of the brink depth to the critical depth according to several flow parameters are examined. Further, the location of the critical depth in subcritical flows while flow is approaching to the fall is investigated. It is concluded that the location of the critical depth in subcritical flow is a function of the Froude number, channel bed slope and the Manning roughness coefficient. The resemblance or the difference in the occurrence of the profile in sub and supercritical flows examined.

M.A. (Library & Information Science) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / In hierdie navorsingsverslag word die representasie van die reg en die verskynsel van die verhoor as romangegewe in enkele tekste van André P. Brink ondersoek. Die studie vind plaas binne die interdissiplinêre konteks van die reg en die letterkunde. Die studie: (i) fokus op die rol wat die reg in die literêre teks vervul; (ii) ondersoek uitbeeldings van die verhoor soos wat dit in Brink se romankuns aangetref word; en (iii) ondersoek die fiksionalisering van historiese en dokumentêre regsbronne met spesifieke verwysing na sekere eksemplariese Brink-­‐romans. / In this research report, representations of the law and of the trial, as embedded in certain novels by André P. Brink, are explored. The study is structured within the interdisciplinary field of law and literature. This study: (i) focuses on the role of law within the literary text; (ii) explores the legal delineation of a trial in novels by Brink; and (iii) explores the fictionalisation of historic and documentary judicatory resources with specific reference to exemplary texts by Brink. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / In hierdie navorsingsverslag word die representasie van die reg en die verskynsel van die verhoor as romangegewe in enkele tekste van André P. Brink ondersoek. Die studie vind plaas binne die interdissiplinêre konteks van die reg en die letterkunde. Die studie: (i) fokus op die rol wat die reg in die literêre teks vervul; (ii) ondersoek uitbeeldings van die verhoor soos wat dit in Brink se romankuns aangetref word; en (iii) ondersoek die fiksionalisering van historiese en dokumentêre regsbronne met spesifieke verwysing na sekere eksemplariese Brink-­‐romans. / In this research report, representations of the law and of the trial, as embedded in certain novels by André P. Brink, are explored. The study is structured within the interdisciplinary field of law and literature. This study: (i) focuses on the role of law within the literary text; (ii) explores the legal delineation of a trial in novels by Brink; and (iii) explores the fictionalisation of historic and documentary judicatory resources with specific reference to exemplary texts by Brink. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.