This thesis compares adolescent engagement with the First World War in Ireland and New Zealand between 1914 and 1918. Twenty-five elite boys' secondary schools are used as case studies, including Catholic and Protestant institutions. This approach not only captures a common adolescent cohort, but also brings transnational connections to the fore; Catholics comprised approximately 14 percent of New Zealand's population, at least nine-tenths of whom were of Irish descent. In addition to differentiating student behaviour from adult-articulated expectations, boys' responses to the war are juxtaposed against those of their teachers. Using school periodicals, newspapers, and memoirs, this thesis partially recovers the neglected history of adolescent wartime experiences in two under-researched regions of the British Empire. It also elucidates the ways in which hostilities disrupted age-specific concerns and practices in elite school settings. Age was critical in shaping how male non-combatants were impacted by, and reacted to, the conflict. This argument is substantiated by in-depth analyses of several related themes, including 'war enthusiasm', death, dissent, and cultural 're-mobilization'. While the First World War was near-uniformly identified as a crucial event, staff responses were mediated by longstanding orientations and responsibilities. Teachers prioritised institutional concerns such as state funding and school status throughout. Irish and New Zealand adolescents also engaged with hostilities on their own terms; 'boy culture' and age-related interests provided a constant baseline against which external interventions into daily life were evaluated. These cross-national similarities were modulated by immediate contexts. Coercive measures implemented by the state did not always receive popular support, contributing to new political trajectories and visions of the future within particular communities. National parameters also had the final say as to when students could legally enlist. This intersection of age and place ultimately proved pivotal in determining civilian reactions to major global developments during the 1910s.

Orientador: Eduardo Barros Mariutti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T02:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_ThiagoFernandes_M.pdf: 2057454 bytes, checksum: c8c5d2593f3f6eaae89718800cb239f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste na reconstituição de três debates sobre o Imperialismo Capitalista Britânico durante o século XIX com o intuito de perceber nele manifestações das estruturas perenes do capitalismo, procurando marcar as diferenças entre estas e aquelas que se mostram(ram) conjunturais. No primeiro capítulo, procuramos, por meio da reconstituição do "debate clássico" de alguns autores marxistas do começo do século XX (Lênin, Kautsky, Hilferding e Rosa Luxemburg), demonstrar que este tipo de imperialismo é resultado das ações humanas sobre as contradições inerentes ao sistema capitalista em vias de se tornar global. Neste capítulo, procuramos também nos apropriar do potencial explicativo do conceito de "capital financeiro" de Hilferding sob as luzes da problemática da "reprodução social total" delineada por Rosa Luxemburg. A seguir, procuramos inserir as questões então colocadas na discussão do assim chamado "imperialismo do livre-comércio" - uma discussão sobretudo sobre as supostas diferenças de motivações dos homens-de-Estado britânicos na "escolha" entre "controle direto" e "controle indireto" das colônias da rainha Vitória - ao que a questão do Estado enquanto expressão da luta de classes naquele momento se mostrou crucial. No último capítulo, buscamos compreender as especificidades da formação da classe proprietária do capital financeiro na Grã-Bretanha Vitoriana no momento em que se consolidava uma sorte de fusão entre valores aristocráticos e outros burgueses, tendo como especial referência a "teoria da classe ociosa" de Thorstein Veblen. Procuramos, neste capítulo, retomando as idéias dos capítulos anteriores, entender como se deu a permanência da elite britânica enquanto elite num momento de crise profunda do sistema de organização social. Durante todo o nosso percurso, procuramos tecer as articulações entre as especificidades do caso britânico e as características inerentes ao sistema capitalista de acumulação de riquezas e exploração de pessoas / Abstract: This work consists in the reconstitution of three debates about the British Capitalist Imperialism in the 19th Century with the intention of realizing signs of the everlastings structures of the capitalism, trying to mark the differences between that structural and others that seem(ed) conjunturals. In the first chapter, we tried, by the reconstitution of the "classical debate" delimited by some Marxists authors whose wrote in the beginning of the 20th century (Lênin, Kautsky, Hilferding and Rosa Luxemburg), to demonstrate that this kind of imperialism results from human actions on the contradictions of the capitalist system near to become global. In this chapter, we also tried to borrow the explanatory potential of the "financial capital" concept of Hilferding by the lights of Rosa Luxemburg's discussion about the "total social reproduction". Afterwards, we tried to insert the questions pointed at the discussion of the so-called "free trade imperialism" - a discussion especially focused on the alleged British men-of-state's preferences to "choose" between the "direct" and the "indirect" control over Queen Victory's colonies - when was crucial the question of the State as expression of the class struggle in that time. In the last chapter, we tried to comprehend the peculiarities of the proprietor class that owned the financial capital in Victorian Great- Britain in the time which became stable a kind of fusion between the aristocratics and the bourgeois values. In that moment, we reported to the theory of the leisure class by Thorstein Veblen. In this chapter, we tried, resuming the ideas developed in the previous chapters, to understand how the brittish elite could remain elite in spite of the deep crisis of the social system of organization. During the entire route, we tried to weave the articulations between the peculiarities of the British case and the inherent characters of the capitalist system of wealth accumulation and people exploration / Mestrado / Historia Economica / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico