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Security Sector Reform (SSR) has been established as a powerful tool in achieving sustainable peace in post-conflict countries, a belief which has strengthened since the events of September 11th 2001, and the subsequent war on terror which has seen both the UK and US heavily involved in peacebuilding operations in both Iraq and Afghanistan. However there is a concern that following these experiences, SSR has become little more than a process of building the military capacity of recipient countries in order to meet the immediate security needs of donor states. If this is true, then it could be interpreted as a regression in security thinking, where policy makers are focusing once again on state-centric notions of security as opposed to a new security thinking which considers the human security of all. This Master thesis seeks to investigate the current security thinking behind the United Kingdom’s policies with regard to assisting foreign states in their attempts at Security Sector Reform. Research, in the form of a qualitative content analysis within a case study, was conducted in order to gain an understanding of the UK’s overall assistance strategy in a real world context by identifying specific actions carried out by the UK as part of their involvement in the new Libyan Governments SSR process. These findings were then compared to an internationally recognised standard built on a holistic and long-term understanding of SSR in an analytical process in order to make interpretations and draw conclusions. In conclusion, the UK’s assistance strategy can be considered holistic and long-term; centred on building strategic influence within the new Libyan Governments security apparatus in order to effectively advocate the implementation of democratic reform and a human rights based approach to future SSR. However, that the UK is actively providing arms to Libya, despite the concerns of potentially fuelling conflict, leaves one to question how far new security thinking has really permeated British policy making.

Over the last two decades the frequency of humanitarian interventions in Africa, delivered by a wide range of actors, has increased. The British military intervention in the Sierra Leonean civil war in the early 2000s is often cited as an example of successful intervention and solidified Security Sector Reform (SSR) as a key component of state-building and development. Yet in-depth analysis of the long-term legacies of this ‘successful’ intervention are sparse and there remains a notable dearth in research exploring the British involvement from the perspectives of those directly involved or affected. This qualitative research provides a novel outlook by exploring micro-level experiences, thus addressing this lacuna through examining the legacies within Sierra Leone and in British foreign policy from an experiential perspective. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is used as a framework in order to draw out implications for global intervention practice, as arguably R2P must also be accompanied by a responsibility to fully understand the legacy of this social phenomenon. A themed analysis of original data explores the link between official narratives and the perspectives of those on the ground, often exposing a disconnect and identifying important nuances within the interpretation of the success of the British intervention. Through a critical analysis of these experiences significant questions are raised regarding the dynamics between intervening forces and the affected population; perceptions of legitimacy; accountability; and the implications for R2P more broadly.

Yes / This article discusses the international consequences of the trial of British businessman and spy Edgar Sanders in Budapest at a critical juncture of the early Cold War. Convicted of espionage on the basis of a ‘confession’ in court, the defendant was sentenced to thirteen years in prison. The failed attempts to free the English prisoner led to a breakdown in bilateral relations and a British trade embargo. The related trial of American executive Robert Vogeler has received extensive coverage in Hungarian- and English-language sources. By comparison, the Sanders case has attracted little scholarly attention. This article is the first comprehensive treatment of the case.

O trabalho busca demonstrar se realmente houve uma mudança em termos concretos da política externa britânica para a Comunidade Econômica Europeia desde a declaração de inflexão feita pela primeira-ministra Margaret Thatcher no Discurso de Bruges em 1988. Para atingir este objetivo, o trabalho apresenta as circunstâncias que acabaram culminando no teor das declarações contidas no discurso, esclarece os principais pontos declarados, faz um levantamento das fases de relacionamento do Reino Unido sob o governo Thatcher com a Comunidade Europeia e analisa os níveis de mudança de política externa para comprovar sua real ocorrência no caso britânico. A conclusão do trabalho evidencia que, apesar das declarações do discurso, o Reino Unido não fez nenhuma mudança objetiva nas relações com o processo de integração europeia naquele momento, embora o discurso tenha passado a exercer influência no crescente euroceticismo britânico a partir de então. / This work seeks to demonstrate if there really was a change in concrete terms of British foreign policy towards the European Economic Community from the inflection made by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges Speech. To achieve this objective, this work presents the circumstances that culminated in the content of the speech\'s declaration, clarifies the main declared points, reviews the main relationship phases in United Kingdom\'s relationship under Thatcher\'s government with the European Community and analyses the levels of foreign policy change to check its real occurrence in the British case. This work\'s conclusion brings evidence that despite of the speech\'s declarations, United Kingdom did no objective change in its relations with the European integration process in that moment; however, the speech became an influence over the growing British Euroscepticism since then.

O trabalho busca demonstrar se realmente houve uma mudança em termos concretos da política externa britânica para a Comunidade Econômica Europeia desde a declaração de inflexão feita pela primeira-ministra Margaret Thatcher no Discurso de Bruges em 1988. Para atingir este objetivo, o trabalho apresenta as circunstâncias que acabaram culminando no teor das declarações contidas no discurso, esclarece os principais pontos declarados, faz um levantamento das fases de relacionamento do Reino Unido sob o governo Thatcher com a Comunidade Europeia e analisa os níveis de mudança de política externa para comprovar sua real ocorrência no caso britânico. A conclusão do trabalho evidencia que, apesar das declarações do discurso, o Reino Unido não fez nenhuma mudança objetiva nas relações com o processo de integração europeia naquele momento, embora o discurso tenha passado a exercer influência no crescente euroceticismo britânico a partir de então. / This work seeks to demonstrate if there really was a change in concrete terms of British foreign policy towards the European Economic Community from the inflection made by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges Speech. To achieve this objective, this work presents the circumstances that culminated in the content of the speech\'s declaration, clarifies the main declared points, reviews the main relationship phases in United Kingdom\'s relationship under Thatcher\'s government with the European Community and analyses the levels of foreign policy change to check its real occurrence in the British case. This work\'s conclusion brings evidence that despite of the speech\'s declarations, United Kingdom did no objective change in its relations with the European integration process in that moment; however, the speech became an influence over the growing British Euroscepticism since then.