The thesis examines several important aspects of the development and growth of the two-year college in the United States and Canada and compares these with the developments presently underway in British Columbia. Its design, therefore, is essentially historical and descriptive. The study begins with an examination of a number of significant principles which emerged during the early colonial periods in the United States and Canada and which have given shape and purpose to the systems of education now followed in both countries. Included among these principles is the concept of universal education, free and state controlled but still allowing for some measure of local autonomy and guaranteeing equal opportunity for all. The thesis then moves to a consideration of the growth patterns of two-year colleges in the two countries, delineating the forces which gave impetus to this growth and comparing the forms which have evolved and the conditions which have shaped them with those presently in evidence in this province. Next to be identified and discussed are the purposes and the goals which American and Canadian educators have set for the colleges which have developed or are being developed in their respective countries. The relevance and worth of these to the movement in British Columbia is examined and additional purposes and goals are suggested. Another area which is explored in the thesis is that of curriculum development. Here attention is focused upon the emergence of four types of junior college programmes-liberal arts and science, technical, vocational trades training and general education. Again the developments in the United States and Canada are compared with those taking place in British Columbia. Yet another area examined is that of the administrative organizations which have evolved and the personnel who must director serve under them. The roles and characteristics of the board of governors, the senior and junior administrators, the faculty and the students are discussed in some detail. The problems confronting each of these groups, and the expectations which each holds or must meet are examined. Finally an attempt is made to measure the dimensions of the task facing those who are charged with the responsibility of developing district and regional colleges in British Columbia. A list of thirty-five questions which help to point up some of the problem areas, has been compiled. Of these five have been selected for special attention: 1. Can district and regional colleges achieve comprehensiveness? 2. Will the colleges be able to recruit and retain faculty who possess those special qualities or that particular philosophy which can best serve college students? 3. How can the colleges best achieve the articulation of their courses with those in the secondary schools and with those in the university or other institutions or agencies of higher education? 4. Can the colleges achieve curricular articulation and still remain autonomous? 5. What is the place of the district and regional colleges in the total educational system of British Columbia? The thesis sets out an approach which might be followed in solving the problems which these important questions reveal in the hope of making some contribution to the healthy and orderly development of the two-year college in British Columbia. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

This study begins with a review of economic and industrial relations literature to identify changes to the workplace that will make industry more productive and competitive. It identifies the measures necessary for industry to take advantage of technological development and to make the workplace more flexible. Specifically it focuses on variable or flexible compensation plans. After identifying the key features of various forms of flexible compensation, it examines approximately 30 plans being used in British Columbia. The case studies assist in identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each type of plan, from the perspectives of the employer, the employees and the trade union. Finally it suggests steps that can be taken by government to encourage variable compensation. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

This thesis has been designed to examine the share system and to study its effects on innovation, employment and income in the British Columbia salmon fishing industry. The approach taken has been that of examining the theoretical basis of the share system and then noting how the system has worked in practice. The share system has demonstrated some notable advantages over a wage system in its approach in providing an incentive for hard work and in the economizing of materials used, Against these advantages must be weighed the heavy burden of risk which is shifted from the capitalist to labour. Share fishermen are not assured that they will earn any income from a particular fishing trip and may, in fact, be forced to bear part of the losses of those ventures which fail. The share system creates a rigidity in the free movement of resources within the fishing industry by requiring that the net proceeds from fishing be divided between the crew and the vessel owner in fixed proportions. The allocation to labour of a fixed percentage of all net income results in the entrepreneur requiring a higher rate of return on his investment than would be the case if he were operating in a freely competitive market, thus in theory the share system would inhibit innovation,, The entrepreneur requires that his investment projects have a sufficient return to repay both his capital and interest after paying a share to labour. The number of licensed fishermen and fishing boats has increased annually since 1951. The opportunity of obtaining a high income which is a feature of the share system is a particular incentive which attracts new recruits into the industry. However, many fishermen fail to remain in the industry due to the low and unstable earnings they experience. The incomes of British Columbia salmon seine fishermen appear, on the average, to be below those offered in alternative occupations, though there are certainly some very high incomes earned by a few fishermen0 The increased employment both of labour and capital can, in the main part, be blamed on the common property feature of sea fisheries. The share system, though playing a part in the total industry, is not the most important variable, A solution to the difficulties that the industry faces can best be sought by changes and adjustments elsewhere. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

The main aspect of this study -was to analyze the changes which occurred in the British market between 1935 and the present. Changes have been manifold and have caused noteworthy fluctuations in the lumber export-import trade between British Columbia and the United Kingdom. The period under review was divided into five parts: pre-war (1936-1939), war (1940-1945), post-war (1946-1949), period after the devaluation of the pound sterling (1950-1952) and the present (1953-1954). Two additional chapters were included, one dealing with the future export trends, and the other treating briefly the historical growth of the lumber industry and its part in the provincial economy. A comparison was included of the mechanical and physical properties of Douglas fir, western hemlock, western red cedar and Sitka spruce and those of European whitewood and redwood. Housing activity in the United Kingdom was treated in detail throughout the thesis. The housing problem has been acute and will remain so in the next decade. Large quantities of softwood lumber are consumed in housing. Although the amount of lumber used per dwelling-unit decreased from 10-1/2 cubic metres to 7-1/2 cubic metres during the war, under the control system, it is expected to reach its former level on the anticipation that larger houses are to be built. During the pre-war period lumber exports from British Columbia increased remarkably, being larger by eightfold in 1936 than in 1931, and by twelvefold in 1939 than in 1931. The substantial housing program, preferential tariffs, trade promotion work and European Timber Exporters1 quota system, as well as British Columbia's lumber prices, contributed to the increased lumber exports to the United Kingdoms. During the war British Columbia's lumber played an important role in Great Britain. Total imports dropped to 25 percent of the prewar level and British Columbia supplied over fifty percent of them. The home production of softwood lumber increased about five times over pre-war level, reaching a peak in 1942 (344,000 standards). Timber control reduced consumption and controlled imports. The post-war reconstruction program in the United Kingdom caused heavy buying in British Columbia. In 1947, 31 percent of total British softwood lumber imports originated in this province. The dollar shortage in 1948 and 1949 forced the United Kingdom to decrease imports from British Columbia. The devaluation of the pound sterling made British Columbia's lumber expensive when comparing it with Russian and Scandinavian lumber. Increased prices and the inability to get lumber from Sweden and Finland after the outbreak of the Korean war, however, caused larger buying (about 400,000 standards) in British Columbia during 1951 and 1952. The present situation has been influenced by the decontrol of softwood lumber consumption in the United Kingdom which took place in November, 1953. The consumption is estimated to reach about 1,400,000 standards in 1954. An amount of 350,000 standards would be a fair share to be shipped from this province annually to the United Kingdom. A notable feature of the present is the willingness of Russia to export lumber (250,000 standards in 1954) to the United Kingdom. The import requirements of Great Britain are estimated to be 1,200,000 standards in I960 representing little more, than half of the pre-war level. They will have to be imported from outside Europe, mainly from Russia and British Columbia. Although this province is a source of high quality lumber, it is recommended that the British market be developed mainly for lower quality lumber by means of reasonable prices, and care in production and shipping. United Kingdom imports from British Columbia will depend upon its dollar purchasing power. This could be increased by two-way trade between Great Britain and Canada. During the period under review proportionally more and more western hemlock was shipped to Great Britain. The ratio between Douglas fir and western hemlock dropped from 1 to 7 of pre-war, to 1 to 4 in wartime and 1 to 2 in 1952. Since there is more mature western hemlock timber than Douglas fir on the coast from where the future exports are expected such a change in favour of western hemlock is an important achievement. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

The shift toward participatory, advocacy and social architecture and planning that occurred in the 1960's and 70's in North America was illustrated with the work of the Community Design Centers. These Community Design Centers provided architectural, planning and technical services to low income groups with an emphasis on user participation. The Community Desgin Center provided a model by which the professional, the student and the community could work together as a team on current issues within the community. This study examines the basic notions of the Community Design Centers in order to determine the principles at work in the model. The Urban Design Center of Vancouver, 1970-76 is used as a specific case study. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

No abstract included. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

No abstract included. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

No abstract included. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

No abstract included. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

No abstract included. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate