Prior study of Craiglockhart War Hospital has focused on the hospital's two most famous patients, Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon, along with the work of the psychotherapist W. H. R. Rivers. Craiglockhart's literary culture is studied in detail for the first time in this thesis and the hospital's therapeutic ethos used as a framework by which the creative work produced at the hospital can be examined. This thesis argues that the British Army's lack of consensus regarding the best treatment of war neuroses facilitated the development of Craiglockhart's expressive culture, in which patients were encouraged both to articulate their wartime memories and return to purposeful activity. The hospital's magazine, The Hydra, is examined at length; both in terms of its links to the wider genre of wartime soldier publications and as a telling document of the hospital's therapies in action. Owen and Sassoon's time at the hospital is also discussed, with particular emphasis on the hospital's central importance in Owen's poetic development and its troubling legacy in the post-war life of Sassoon. Finally, readers are introduced to George Henry Bonner, a patient of the hospital whose creative work is discussed here for the first time. This study makes clear the fact that, for the hospital's literary-minded patients, creative endeavour was an ideal means by which to negotiate the movement away from repression to the articulation of their wartime experiences.

Global competition is pushing the composites industry to advance and become more cost effective. Liquid Composite Molding or LCM is a family of processes that has shown significant promise in its potential to reduce process times and cost while maintaining high levels of part quality. However, the majority of research and information on composite processes have been related to prepreg-autoclave processing which is significantly different than LCM. In order for LCM processes to gain large scale implementation, significant research is required in order to model and simulate the unique nature of the resin infusion process. The purpose of this research is to aid in the development of in situ void measurement and characterization during LCM processing, particularly for carbon fiber composites. This will allow for the gathering of important empirical data for the validation of models and simulations that aid in the understanding of void formation and movement during LCM. For such data to be useful, it needs to include details on the formation, mobility and evolution of the void over time during infusion. This was accomplished by creating a methodology that allowed for in situ images of voids to be captured during the infusion process. A clear mold was used to visually monitor infusions during RTM with UV dye and lighting to enhance contrast. Consecutive images were acquired through the use of macro lens photography. This method proved capable of yielding high quality images of a variety of in situ voids during infusions with carbon fiber composites. This is believed to be the first instance where this was accomplished. A second methodology was then developed for the analysis of the collected images. This was done by using ImageJ software to analyze and process the acquired images in order to identify and characterize the voids. Success was found in quantifying the size and circularity of a wide range of micro and macrovoids in both a satin weave and double bias NCF woven fabrics. To facilitate the burden of collecting large amounts of data, this process was made to be automated. A user generated macro script could be applied to large sets of images for rapid processing and analysis. This automated method was then evaluated against manually processed images to determine its overall effectiveness and accuracy as tool for validating void theory.

Traditional theories of atonement have been criticized from a feminist theological perspective for making the suffering and death of Jesus salvific, but there are also feminist theologians that propose a retrieval of the theology of the cross and atonement. The purpose in this thesis is to critically analyze three Lutheran feminists theologians interpretations of the theology of the cross and theology of atonement. This analysis will then be used in a discussion on how a constructive contribution to a Lutheran feminist theology of atonement can be formulated. My research question is “How can a modern Lutheran feminist position concerning atonement and the theology of the cross be formulated so that it is credible in the light of radical feminist criticism?” First, I present Rita Nakashima Brock and Rebecca Ann Parkers radical feminist criticism and present six models that criticizes theories of atonement. Second, I analyze three Lutheran and feminist theologians. The Lutheran feminist theologians that I analyze in this thesis is Deanna Thompson, Arnfríður Guðmundsdóttir and Caryn D. Riswold. The method I use to analyze the Lutheran feminist theologians is the theologian Sofia Camnerins atonement model, which focus on the aspects of "from-transition-to". Brock and Park criticize theories of atonement and Jesus death on the cross as salvific because it makes meaning out of suffering and which in their view has negative interpretation and negative consequences on women’s lives.  Brock and Parker also problematize the theology of atonement to be hurtful for victims of abuse and violence. Thompson propose a feminist theology of the cross and interprets atonement as God befriending humanity.  Guðmundsdóttir also propose a feminist theology of the cross and focus on that God is the one suffering on the cross. Riswold propose that atonement should be viewed through a sacramental and ecclesiological understanding. The conclusion that I present in this thesis is that all three Lutheran feminist theologians have a strong focus on the relational aspect of atonement.  A modern Lutheran feminist position that is credible in the light of radical feminist criticism takes this relational aspect of atonement seriously.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to illuminate and critically evaluate Christian theology of atonement and redemption, in order to contribute to contemporary theology of atonement and redemption. The purpose is reached through an analysis of the work of two contemporary feminist theologians; Daphne Hampson and Rita Nakashima Brock. Hampson has formulated a sharp post-Christian position. Brock has distinguished herself through her critique of the Christian concept of atonement and through her contributions to reconciliation and redemption. Both Daphne Hampson and Rita Nakashima Brock argue that Christian atonement-theology, primarily the so called objective model, is hurtful to children and victims of abuse and violence. They both argue that theological language is not innocent. At the same time, they illustrate broken relationships, sufferings, and problems they want to change, give theological interpretations of how that change is to take place and present methodologies on how to reach reconciliation between human beings and God as well as between human beings. In two steps I undertake a critical analysis of content and presuppositions in Daphne Hampson’s and Rita Nakashima Brock’s theologies of atonement and redemption. In the first step, I describe Hampson’s and Brock’s critique of Christian atonement-theology. I analyze their theological critique and theological construction in a model "from-transition-to". My critical analysis focuses especially on internal consistency. In the second part, the analysis of presuppositions, I explain basic principles upon which they shape their theology. The analysis is made up by the analytical concepts; theoretical arguments of knowledge, understandings of faith, and the position of the subject. I also analyze other essential concepts out of which gender is one. In the last chapter I present my own constructive contribution, structured by content and presuppositions. I argue that theology is both a critical and constructive discipline. In the content-response I discuss images of God, the tragic, the cross, and the hope. In the presuppositions-response I discuss the concept "space-in-between". In conclusion I propose that theology of atonement/redemption is shaped between post and Christian. I argue that space-in-between-perspectives are necessarily experimental and critical, a space on the border where marginalized voices are to be included.

No description available.

No description available.