Tofu is a plant based product made from soybeans, water and a coagulant. The coagulant together with heating enables the formation of a soy curd (tofu). The proteins that dominates in soybeans are β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S). The composition of the proteins differs between soybean cultivars, which also affects the formation of the tofu. The object in this study was to evaluate the vitamin C content and the stability of vitamin C during processing and storage in an ecological tofu-product after enrichment of Sea Buckthorn to increase the vitamin content. Furthermore, the use of germinated soy beans instead of soaked soybeans in the production of tofu was evaluated. When Sea Buckthorn was added to the soymilk it resulted in a decrease in pH from 6.3 to 5.5, which affected the formation of the soy curd negatively as the optimal pH is between 6.0 and 6.5. By adding alkali to reach pH 6.3 it was possible to achieve a soy curd when Sea Buckthorn powder was added. Sea Buckthorn increased the vitamin C content in the product to 32 mg/250 g but only 10% (about 3 mg) remained after four weeks storage. The loss of vitamin C was large in both processing and storage of the tofu. An additional loss of 7- 14% was detected during 10 minutes heating (60°C). Germination of soybeans did neither affect the amount of protein, nor the vitamin C content in tofu. To produce a tofu with more than 15% of RDI for vitamin C in one serving (100 g) the amount berry powder to be added in the production of 250 g tofu must not be less than 31 g (400 mg vitamin C), based on losses up to 90-95% during the process and storage. Hence the huge amount of berry powder that must be added, other ways to decrease the degradation of vitamin C is necessary to be investigated.

The thesis is a proposal of the business plan for the SANDDORN Company Ltd., which will deal the growing sea-buckthorn, processing and subsequent sale of products produced from it. The company intends to enter the health food market, with specialization in the production of organic food. The thesis consists of several parts, where you can find the presumptions of the enterprise success, financial planning, and design of sequential steps for the implementation of the company.

No description available.

Le nerprun bourdaine (Rhamnus frangula L.) est une espèce exotique qui envahit plusieurs régions du sud du Québec, et plus particulièrement la région administrative de l'Estrie. Actuellement, on connaît encore peu l'écologie de l'espèce dans le contexte québécois et il n’existe pas de portrait d’ensemble de sa distribution dans les forêts tempérées de cette région. Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif du projet était de cartographier par télédétection la distribution du nerprun bourdaine dans deux secteurs de l'Estrie. Un second objectif était d'évaluer les variables environnementales déterminantes pour expliquer le recouvrement de nerprun bourdaine. La phénologie du nerprun bourdaine diffère de celle de la plupart des espèces indigènes arborescentes puisque ses feuilles tombent plus tard en automne. Cette caractéristique a permis de cartographier, par démixage spectral, la probabilité d'occurrence du nerprun bourdaine grâce à une série temporelle d'images du capteur OLI de Landsat 8. Le recouvrement du nerprun bourdaine a été calculé dans 119 placettes sur le terrain. La cartographie résultante a montré un accord de 69% avec les données terrain. Une image SPOT-7, dont la résolution spatiale est plus fine, a ensuite été utilisée, mais n’a pas permis d'améliorer la cartographie, puisque la date d’acquisition de l’image n’était pas optimale dû à un manque de disponibilité. Concernant le second objectif de la recherche, la variable la plus significative pour expliquer la présence de nerprun bourdaine était la densité du peuplement, ce qui suggère que l’ouverture de la couverture forestière pourrait favoriser l’envahissement. Néanmoins, les résultats tendent à démontrer que le nerprun bourdaine est une espèce «généraliste» qui s’adapte bien à plusieurs conditions environnementales. / Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L.) is an exotic species invading many areas in southern of Quebec, particularly in the Eastern Townships. Currently, we do not know very much about the species ecology and no thorough study of its distribution in temperate forest has been performed. Therefore, the first objective of the project was to map the spatial distribution of glossy buckthorn in two areas of the Eastern Townships, using remote sensing techniques. The second objective was to evaluate the environmental variables, or predictors, best explaining the presence of glossy buckthorn. The phenology of glossy buckthorn differs from most of the indigenous tree species found in this area because its leaves fall later in autumn. This characteristic allowed to map, using spectral unmixing, the probability of occurrence of glossy buckthorn, with temporal Landsat 8 (OLI) imagery data series. Glossy buckthorn coverage was calculated on 119 plots on the field. The resulting maps showed an agreement of 69% with field data. A SPOT-7 image, which has a finer resolution than Landsat 8 (OLI), was then used but it did not improve the quality of the map, since its acquisition date was not optimal, due to a lack of availability. Concerning the second objective of the research, the best variable explaining the presence of glossy buckthorn was stand density, which leads to believe that forest cover openings could ease the establishment of buckthorn. However, the results tend to show that glossy buckthorn is a generalist species, easily adapting to various environmental conditions.

The theme of this diploma thesis is an assessment of given nutritional parameters in selected kinds of lesser known fruits, specifically 10 varieties of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), 12 varieties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) and 6 varieties of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica). Harvests of two consecutive years (2011 and 2012) were analyzed in the case of blue honeysuckle. The theoretical part was focused on historical, morphological, taxonomic and nutritional aspects of individual plants and food or pharmaceutical utilization. The considerable part of the thesis is devoted to the characterization and the possibilities of determining the contained substances, namely ascorbic acid and polyphenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. The content of the experimental part was a description of the methods and the results of the analysis of total solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in fruits of the selected varieties of the above mentioned fruit species. Based on the measured results, the different varieties of fruits were compared to each other and evaluated.

No description available.

The aim of this diploma thesis is determination of selected metals in unconventional fruit species, specifically in cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and medlar (Mespilus germanica).There is informationabout 16 analysed metals – As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Pb, V, Zn. There are described analytical techniques for elemental analysis and methods for destruction biological material. Samples for analysis are prepared by using microwave mineralization and ICP-MS for detection. This is described in the experimental part of the diploma thesis. Analysis confirmed that unconventional fruits are rich sources of trace elements.

This thesis deals with still less expolited species of small fruit, evaluation of its physical and chemical parameters and proposal of a new soft drink from one of the studied species of furit. Firstly, for the characterisation of basic nutrition parameters (dry matter, content of organic acids and saccharides) and biologicaly active substances (vitamin C, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds) suitable titration, spectrophotometric, chromatographic and electrophoretic methods were chosen, optimized and validated. The sample preparation procedure was optimized as well. For three years (2010–2012) the content of listed parameters was monitored in some cultivars of five species of small fruit: in seven cultivars of sea buckthorn, in ten cultivars of cornelian cherry, in twelve cultivars of rowanberry, in two cultivars of chokeberry and in seventeen cultivars of elderberry. By means of Duncan’s test, analysis of principal components (PCA) and cluster analysis (CLU) the main differences between studied cultivars were observed mainly in sea buckthorn and rowanberry, where single cultivars were easily distinguishable from others on the basis of genetic origin. On the basis of comparison of determined parameters in studied species of fruit and with collaboration with fruit processing company the suitable species of fruit for commercial utilization was chosen – elderberry, as a important source of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. A new soft drink as a proposal of utilization of this fruit was created – fruit juice or nectar with portion of elderberry juice. Mixed juices and nectars with various composition were prepared from elderberry and grape juice and the sensory analysis of these drinks was performed. The best evaluated were 100% fruit juices prepared with 30–50% portion of elderberry juice. The composition was jurally protected. On the basis of this protection the product consisted from 100% fruit juice with 10% of elderberry component mixed with apple and grape juice was introduced to the market by the fruit processing company.

This diploma thesis deals with the optimization of processes for extraction of bioactive lipophilic compounds from fruits of sea buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides) into various types of plant oil bases using simple maceration. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the characterization of this herb, its botanical classification, traditional use, chemical composition and medicinal effects. Increased attention is also paid to the characterization of individual types of plant oils used, namely camellia, camellia organic, passionflower, kukui and kiwi oil. The experimental part of the thesis deals with application of theoretical knowledge. The profile of total and free fatty acids for individual plant oil bases was determined by GC/FID, furthet the basic fat numbers were also determined. When optimizing the extraction, emphasis was placed not only on the effect of the extraction agent used, but also on the extraction time (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 66 days). The macerates were continuously subjected to the determination of selected parameters (total amount of carotenoids, total amount of phytosterols, lutein, neoxanthin, astaxanthin, stigmasterol, -sitosterol and vitamin E) using UV-VIS spectroscopy and HPLC/PDA. Likewise, the peroxide number was monitored during maceration to assess the degree of oxidative degradation of macerates. The recovery of selected total parameters in individual oils did not differ significantly in most cases. On the contrary, the yield of individual monitored parameters differed significantly. At the same time, static maceration under our conditions was not very suitable for the extraction of vitamin E, stigmasterol and total phytosterols.