• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Utveckling av en C-vitaminberikad tofuprodukt : Studie av C-vitaminhalt under process och förvaring

Fahlgren, Viktoria January 2017 (has links)
Tofu is a plant based product made from soybeans, water and a coagulant. The coagulant together with heating enables the formation of a soy curd (tofu). The proteins that dominates in soybeans are β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S). The composition of the proteins differs between soybean cultivars, which also affects the formation of the tofu. The object in this study was to evaluate the vitamin C content and the stability of vitamin C during processing and storage in an ecological tofu-product after enrichment of Sea Buckthorn to increase the vitamin content. Furthermore, the use of germinated soy beans instead of soaked soybeans in the production of tofu was evaluated. When Sea Buckthorn was added to the soymilk it resulted in a decrease in pH from 6.3 to 5.5, which affected the formation of the soy curd negatively as the optimal pH is between 6.0 and 6.5. By adding alkali to reach pH 6.3 it was possible to achieve a soy curd when Sea Buckthorn powder was added. Sea Buckthorn increased the vitamin C content in the product to 32 mg/250 g but only 10% (about 3 mg) remained after four weeks storage. The loss of vitamin C was large in both processing and storage of the tofu. An additional loss of 7- 14% was detected during 10 minutes heating (60°C). Germination of soybeans did neither affect the amount of protein, nor the vitamin C content in tofu. To produce a tofu with more than 15% of RDI for vitamin C in one serving (100 g) the amount berry powder to be added in the production of 250 g tofu must not be less than 31 g (400 mg vitamin C), based on losses up to 90-95% during the process and storage. Hence the huge amount of berry powder that must be added, other ways to decrease the degradation of vitamin C is necessary to be investigated.
2

ExpressÃo gÃnica da toxina da soja (SBTX) durante o desenvolvimento da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merril] e seu envolvimento na defesa vegetal / Gene expression of soybean toxin ( SBTX ) during the development of soybean [ Glycine max ( L.) Merrill ] and their involvement in plant defense

Mariana Reis Arantes 05 March 2015 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O Brasil à o segundo maior produtor mundial de soja, destacando-se por sua multiplicidade de uso. Entretanto, perdas na produtividade de seus grÃos em campo sÃo ainda considerÃveis, particularmente oriundas das doenÃas causadas por fungos. Diante desse obstÃculo, emerge a necessidade de busca de molÃculas naturais capazes de inibir o progresso dessas doenÃas, sem causar impactos ambientais. Dentre as molÃculas presentes na soja, com potencial de uso para essa finalidade, destaca-se a toxina da soja (SBTX), uma proteÃna isolada de sementes, composta por duas subunidades (17 e 27 kDa) e ativa contra fungos fitopatogÃnicos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos verificar a localizaÃÃo tecidual da SBTX em cotilÃdones de sementes maduras, bem como avaliar seu perfil de expressÃo gÃnica ao longo do desenvolvimento da soja e, tambÃm, em resposta ao tratamento com elicitores de defesa vegetal. Sementes de soja foram cultivadas em casa de vegetaÃÃo e, ao longo do desenvolvimento da planta, diferentes tecidos vegetais coletados. Em adiÃÃo, folhas primÃrias da soja foram tratadas com Ãcido salicÃlico (AS) ou inoculadas com esporos do fungo Cercospora kikuchii (CK) e coletadas em diferentes tempos apÃs os tratamentos. Iniciadores foram desenhados com base nas sequÃncias NH2-terminal das subunidades de SBTX e a expressÃo gÃnica foi avaliada pela tÃcnica de RT-PCR quantitativa. A localizaÃÃo de SBTX em sementes foi avaliada por imunohistoquÃmica, usando anti-SBTX. Transcritos dos genes SBTX17 e SBTX27 foram detectados em todos os tecidos vegetais coletados, porÃm seus nÃveis de expressÃo foram diferenciados. NÃveis mais elevados de transcritos para ambas as subunidades da SBTX foram detectados em sementes maduras, cotilÃdones e folhas unifoliadas. Nos cotilÃdones, SBTX foi encontrada na epiderme. InduÃÃo da expressÃo de transcritos da SBTX ocorreu em ambos os tratamentos, porÃm essa resposta se manifestou mais rÃpida (a partir de 6 h) com CK ao invÃs de AS (a partir de 12 h). Praticamente, em todas as anÃlises, transcritos do gene SBTX27 prevaleceram em relaÃÃo Ãqueles do SBTX17. A presenÃa constitutiva e ubÃqua de transcritos dos genes da SBTX ao longo do desenvolvimento da planta, a induÃÃo da expressÃo desses genes por elicitores de resposta de defesa e a localizaÃÃo da toxina na superfÃcie dos cotilÃdones validam o papel de defesa atribuÃdo a SBTX, suscitando a possibilidade de uso dessa proteÃna na produÃÃo de soja resistente ao ataque de fungos de relevÃncia agronÃmica. / Brazil is the second major global soybean producer, whose magnitude is due to its use multiples. However, losses in productivity of soybean grains in the field are still significant, especially those caused by pathogenic fungi. In view of this obstacle, it is important to search natural molecules able to inhibiting the progress of fungal diseases in an environmental friendly practice. Among the soybean molecules which could be used for this purpose, the soybean toxin (SBTX) stands out. SBTX is a protein composed of two subunits (17 and 27 kDa) isolated from seeds with in vitro activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The present study aimed to verify the SBTX tissue localization in soybean seed cotyledons, as well as to evaluate the gene expression profile of two SBTX subunits, both in different stages of plant development and in response to treatment with plant defense elicitors. Soybean seeds were grown in a greenhouse and plant tissues harvested at different days. In addition, soybean primary leaves were treated with salicylic acid (SA) or inoculated with the Cercospora kikuchiii (CK) spores and harvested at different times after the treatments. Based on the N-terminal sequences of the SBTX subunits, primers were designed and their gene expression evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR technique. SBTX tissue localization was performed by immunohistochemistry using anti-SBTX. Transcripts for both SBTX subunits were detected in all plant tissues, predominantly in cotyledons and unifoliate leaves in the early stages of their development, as well as in mature seeds. SBTX was found in the epidermis of the cotyledons. Transcripts were detected for both genes SBTX17 e SBTX27 in all tissues collected, but their expression levels were different. The highest transcript levels for both SBTX subunits were found in mature seeds, cotyledons and unifoliate leaves. In cotyledons, SBTX was found in the epidermis. Leaves treated with elicitors showed induction of the corresponding 17 and 27 kDa subunit transcripts, however this response was earlier in the CK treatment (from 6 h) compared to AS treatment (from 12 h). In almost all analyses, the highest transcript levels were found for the 27 kDa subunit. The ubiquitous and constitutive gene expression during plant development, the induction of gene expression by defense response elicitors and the localization on the surface of cotyledons support the role of SBTX in plant defense and its use to produce fungal-resistant transgenic soybean plants.
3

Avaliação da temperatura de indução e de fontes de nitrogênio na produção de proteína de superfície de Streptococcus pneumoniae em Escherichia coli recombinante

Santos, Mauricio Possedente dos 27 August 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4595.pdf: 1437433 bytes, checksum: f83e0ea8c49064050b3f382c7d942d28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are one of the main problems of public health in the world. The pneumococcal surface protein A(PspA) is a potential canditate as carrier in a conjugate vaccine against this bacteria. Considering the inherent high losses of the purification and conjugation steps, it is fundamental to adopt a strategy of cultivation and expression that allows the obtainance of large quantities of protein. Thus, the use of Escherichia coli as expression system as well as its cultivation in complex medium constitutes promising alternatives for reducing the cost and increasing the productivity of the process. The goal of this work was to study the influence of the temperature and cultivation medium composition over the production of a PspA belonging to clade 4 protein fragment (PspA4Pro) during rE coli cultivations, aiming at to evaluate the possibility of employing vegetable-based nitrogen sources (soybean protein hydrolisates) instead of the Triptona, an animal-derived nitrogen source. The experiments were carried out in both shakers and benchscale bioreactor, using a complex medium which contained glucose and glycerol as carbon sources, lactose as inducer and Soytone, Phytone or Triptone as nitrogen sources, besides yeast extract. Samples were collected during the experiments to follow the cell growth (measurements of absorbance, dry cell weight and permittivity signal from biomass sensors), the carbon sources consumption and the production of organic acids by HPLC analysis. The stability of the plasmid (agar plates with or without kanamycin) and the production of recombinant protein (Bradford and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis followed by densitometry) were also evaluated. Preliminary experiments were performed in shake flasks, incubated at 300rpm and 37ºC, employing both complex and defined media. The highest productivity was achieved in complex medium, with a 42% superior protein production. Subsequently, nine complementary experiments were conducted in shake flasks with complex medium, under the agitation of 300rpm and temperatures of 37ºC (growth phase) and 25, 31 or 37ºC (induction phase). The largest specific production of soluble PspA4Pro was verified at 25ºC, reaching, respectively, 209±6, 192±5mg/g dry cell mass for Phytone and Triptone, with final absorbance values (after 12h of induction) of 9.0±0.4 and 8.5±0.4. The best protein production for Soytone (124±4mg/g dry cell weight) was observed at 31ºC, yielding a final absorbance 8.0±0.4. From the results obtained in the preliminary tests, the nitrogen source Phytone was selected for experiments in bioreactor. Four batch cultures were conducted in bench-scale bioreactor (5L), containing a modified auto-induction complex medium (10g/L glucose, 60g/L glycerol and 20g/L lactose), being three of them with Phytone and one with Triptone, for comparison. The best results in terms of protein production (245±7mg of PspA4Pro soluble/g dry mass) were obtained in the presence of Phytone, corresponding to an increase of 16% towards the maximum value achieved in the cultivation with Triptone. These results demonstrate the potential of vegetable-based nutrients as alternatives to animal-derived nitrogen sources in complex media, contributing to adequate these media formulations to the current guidelines of good manufacturing practices. / Doenças causadas por Streptococcus pneumoniae constituem um dos principais problemas de saúde pública mundial. A proteína A de superfície de pneumococo (PspA) é candidata em potencial a ser carreadora em vacina conjugada contra essa bactéria. Considerando as altas perdas inerentes às etapas de purificação e conjugação da proteína, é fundamental adotar uma estratégia de cultivo e expressão que permita obter grandes quantidades de proteína. Nesse sentido, o emprego da bactéria Escherichia coli como sistema de expressão e o cultivo da mesma em meio complexo se apresentam como alternativas promissoras para redução do custo e aumento da produtividade do processo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência da temperatura e da composição do meio de cultivo sobre a produção do fragmento da proteína PspA do clado 4 (PspA4Pro) em cultivos de rE. coli, visando avaliar a viabilidade de utilização de fontes de nitrogênio de origem vegetal (hidrolisados protéicos de soja) em substituição à Triptona, de origem animal. Os experimentos foram realizados em câmara incubadora e em biorreatores de bancada, utilizando meio complexo contendo glicose e glicerol e lactose como fontes de carbono, lactose como indutor e Soytone, Phytone ou Triptona como fontes de nitrogênio, além de extrato de levedura. Amostras foram coletadas ao longo dos experimentos para acompanhamento do crescimento celular (medida de absorbância, massa seca e permissividade por sensor de biomassa), do consumo das fontes de carbono e da produção de ácidos orgânicos por análises em cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho. A estabilidade do plasmídeo (plaqueamento em meio contendo ou não canamicina) e a produção de proteína recombinante (Bradford e eletroforese SDS-PAGE seguida por densitometria) também foram avaliadas. Experimentos preliminares foram realizados em frascos agitados e incubados a 300rpm e 37oC, empregando tanto o meio complexo como o definido. A maior produtividade foi obtida em meio complexo, a qual foi 42% superior a alcançada com meio definido. Em seguida, nove experimentos complementares foram conduzidos em frascos agitados em meio complexo sob agitação de 300rpm e à temperatura de 37ºC (fase de crescimento) e de 25, 31 ou 37ºC (fase de indução). Verificou-se que a temperatura de 25ºC proporcionou a maior produção específica de PspA4Pro solúvel, alcançando-se, respectivamente, 209±6, 192±5mg/g massa seca para o Phytone e para a Triptona, com absorbâncias finais (após 12h de indução) de 9,0±0,4 e 8,5±0,4. Já para o Soytone, a melhor produção de proteína (124±4mg/g massa seca) foi observada à temperatura de 31ºC, obtendo-se uma absorbância de final de 8,0±0,4. A partir dos resultados obtidos nos ensaios preliminares, a fonte de nitrogênio de origem vegetal Phytone foi selecionada para experimentos em biorreator. Quatro cultivos em batelada foram conduzidos em biorreator de bancada (5L), contendo meio complexo de autoindução modificado (10g/L glicose, 60g/L glicerol e 20g/L lactose), sendo 3 com Phytone e um com Triptona, para comparação. Os melhores resultados em termos de produção de proteína (245±7mg de PspA4Pro solúvel/g massa seca) foram obtidos na presença de Phytone, correspondendo a um aumento de 16% em relação ao valor máximo alcançado no cultivo com Triptona. Esses resultados comprovam o potencial dos nutrientes de origem vegetal como alternativa às fontes de nitrogênio de origem animal em meios complexos, contribuindo para adequar as formulações desses meios às atuais diretrizes de boas práticas de fabricação.

Page generated in 0.0557 seconds