Thesis (MPAM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Deepening participatory governance in budgetary monitoring and evaluation in a local municipality is crucial to improve transparency and accountability in the use of public funds. Participatory governance warrants the provision of meaningful, purposeful and empowering opportunities and spaces for the engagement of residents in the affairs of a municipality. Despite being advocated as an effective mechanism for promoting good governance, particularly when implemented in budgetary monitoring and evaluation, participatory governance remains a neglected area of emphasis in local municipalities. This qualitative case study investigated the effectiveness of participatory governance in budgetary monitoring and evaluation in an information age in the case of Fetakgomo-Tubatse local municipality. The objectives were to assess the ward committee members' and municipal officials' understanding of participatory governance and its importance in the context of municipal governance; examine the scope of budgetary monitoring and evaluation as implemented in the municipality, the associated benefits and barriers to implementing participatory governance in budgetary monitoring and evaluation processes, and develop insights into the effectiveness and use of ICTs in information dissemination and accessibility in relation to the outcomes and impact of budgetary monitoring and evaluation. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews and open-ended qualitative questionnaires were used to collect primary data from municipal officials (N=8) and ward committee members (N=10). Non-probability sampling techniques (i.e., purposive and snowball sampling) were used to select the participants. Tesch’s eight-step descriptive data analysis technique was utilised to analyse the textual qualitative data gathered. This research report provides the main findings and conclusions based on the objectives that the study aimed to achieve. Recommendations are made to strengthen the effectiveness of participatory governance in budgetary monitoring and evaluation in an information age in the case of the Fetakgomo-Tubatse local municipality and opportunities for future research.

Die Arbeit untersucht, wie sich der demografische Wandel auf die öffentlichen Haushalte der deutschen Kommunen auswirkt. Zunächst werden die kommunalen Ausgaben und Einnahmen in sieben Altersgruppen der Bevölkerung aufgespaltet und unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Ausgaben- und Einnahmekategorien auf ihre Alterssensitivität untersucht. Der verwendete Datensatz der 440 kreisfreien Städte und Landkreise unterscheidet sowohl nach Ausgaben- und Einnahmenseite der Budgets als auch nach Verwaltungs- und Vermögenshaushalten. Die ermittelten Altersstrukturprofile belegen die Jugendlastigkeit der Kommunalhaushalte. Danach werden die Befunde des Basisjahres 2005 in sechs verschiedenen Szenarien über einen Analysezeitraum von 20 Jahren projiziert, um die fiskalischen Effekte zu quantifizieren. Die rein demografischen Entwicklungen führen künftig zu Einnahmerückgängen, aber gleichzeitig zu größeren Potenzialen, um die Ausgaben zu senken. Verschiedene Trends und finanzpolitische Festlegungen reduzieren jedoch diese Effekte. Abschließend werden Anpassungsstrategien für die Kommunen diskutiert. / Demographic change will certainly have influence on the budgets of the German municipalities. Due to the division of public sector functions among different tiers in Germany’s federalism the municipalities serve mainly young generations with their public goods. Keeping this in mind, demographic trends will cause considerable effects on the communities’ budgets, especially in the Eastern part of Germany. Projecting the 440 German communes’ financial status of the basic year 2005 onto the year 2025, changing size and age structure of the German population will lower revenues as well as raise potentials to reduce expenditures even stronger. To take account of some special demographic trends and several fiscal regulations besides nothing but demographic ageing potential consolidation gains on the municipalities’ expenditures will be shrinking. Designing six different szenarios fiscal effects will be quantified. Finally, several strategies to deal with the fiscal consequences of demographic change will be discussed.

<p>This study focused on participatory governance in the form of involvement of communities and community organisation in matters of local government in general, and citizens participation in the local budget process in particular. The study therefore aimed to assess the theoretical and policy framework for citizens participation in South Africa / and evaluated the perceptions of councillors and civics and ratepayer organisations on participation in the local budget process at the eThekwini Municipality.</p>

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of implementation of Texas House Bill 72 on budgets of selected Texas public school districts and to ascertain educational benefits to students derived from implementation of the bill as perceived by superintendents. Questionnaires were sent to superintendents of the Region 10 Education Service Center to determine perceived educational benefits to students. A demographic data sheet provided information for classifying respondents by educational experience, superintendent experience, and district enrollment classifications. Sixty-two districts responded. Official public school budget data for each district were analyzed for fiscal years 1983 through 1986 as were data from the questionnaire. Overall statistical information was gleaned through CONDESCRIPTIVE. Mean total expenditures, mean total tax rate, and state fiscal aid data were compiled, tabulated, and reported for each enrollment classification and entire sample. In addition, a t-test between the difference of two independent means at a probability level of .05 was applied. The two independent means were the averages of data for the two years prior to and after implementation of the law for expenditures, tax rates, and state fiscal contributions. Data comparing local and state expenditures were compiled, tabulated, and reported for each group to compare local and state fiscal effort prior to and after implementation. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare demographic variables with perceived educational benefits. Item and factor analyses were applied to establish reliability.

La modélisation en écologie est aujourd'hui une pratique scientifique de premier plan. Portée par l'avancement technologique, les modèles utilisés en sciences de l'environnement présentent une complexité grandissante. La complexification des modèles est une nécessité pour une variété d'études, mais elle peut être une source d'incompréhension, voire d'erreurs. Savoir gérer son implémentation apparaît donc nécessaire. Fort de ce constat, deux approches complémentaires se sont distinguées et furent étudiées dans ce travail de thèse. D'une part, il est possible de gérer la complexité a priori, en contraignant directement les hypothèses de construction et le formalisme du modèle par l'utilisation d'un cadre théorique. Une illustration de l'utilisation d'un schéma théorique, la théorie des Budgets Dynamiques d'Énergie, présente comment une description précise de l'effet des ultraviolets fut adjointe à un modèle de l'endosymbiose corallienne. Cette étude met en lumière leur possible rôle dans le blanchiment des coraux scléractiniaires. La gestion de la complexité pouvant aussi s'opérer a posteriori, c'est à dire une fois l'étape de construction passée. Ainsi, une méthodologie d'analyse statistique des sorties de modèles ayant pour but de permettre leur simplification fut établie. À titre d'exemple, cette méthode a été appliquée sur un modèle à micro-échelle de l'écosystème mésopélagique. Ne plus avoir la possibilité d'entreprendre une approche analytique de son modèle n'est donc pas une fatalité pour qui veut maitriser son outil, car une multitude d'approches permettent d'obtenir des informations toutes aussi intéressantes. / Ecological modelling is nowadays a leading topic. the models used in environmental science turn to be more and more complex. Driven by technological advancement, the models used in environmental sciences are increasingly complex. The complexity of models is a need for a variety of studies, but it can also be a source of misunderstanding, or even errors. How to manage its implementation is therefore necessary. With this in mind, two complementary approaches have been studied in this thesis. On the one hand, it is possible to manage the complexity textit a priori, by directly constraining the construction assumptions and formalism of the model using a theo- retical framework. An illustration of the use of a theoretical framework, the theory of Dynamic Energy Budgets, shows how an accurate description of the effect of ultraviolet was added to a model of scleractinian corals. This study enlightened their possible role in coral bleaching events. Managing complexity can also be carried out textit a posteriori, ie once the construc- tion phase is done. Thus, a simplification methodology using a statistical analysis of the model outputs was established . As an example, this method was applied on a micro- scale model of the mesopelagic ecosystem. Eventually, not being able of pursuing an analytical approach of the model is not inevitable for those who want to still mastering their model, it exists a multitude of tool who brings equally interesting informations.

Mammal species often live in social groups, but the factors that promote group cohesion can be difficult to analyze due to the prevalence of strong group affiliations. Feral horses maintain stable harems of one or two males and several females, and harem stability is strongly related to individual fitness. Anecdotal evidence and an early study in the non-breeding season suggest that management of the Shackleford Banks island horses with immunocontraception reduces harem stability in the population, providing an opportunity to study the factors that influence harem stability. I investigated the effects of the immunocontraceptive PZP on harem stability during the breeding season and examined mare activity budgets and harassment rates to determine if these factors influence harem stability. I hypothesized that 1) immunocontraception would increase the rates at which mares changed harems during the breeding season 2) activity budgets of contracepted individuals would differ significantly from those of uncontracepted individuals, and 3) contracepted mares would experience greater levels of harassment associated with changing harems than uncontracepted mares. I found that the immunocontraceptive does increase harem changes during the breeding season. I also found that contracepted mares have different activity budgets than uncontracepted mares; as predicted, contracepted mares grazed less and moved more than uncontracepted controls. The factors that influence mare activity budgets included immunocontraception, harem stallion, number of individuals in the harem, number of mares in the harem and body condition of the mare, as well as some interactions between factors. I found that high harassment rates by both harem stallions and other mares in the harem are correlated with higher harem change rates and that contracepted mares are harassed more than uncontracepted mares. These results indicate that the immunocontraceptive does influence harem stability in this feral horse population, potentially through alterations in activity budgets and harassment rates.

This thesis examines the results of public budgets in the CR in the period 1993 to 2009. This is a hot topic, with the growth of public debt is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this work is a comprehensive analysis of public finances, specifically addressing issues of access to public deficit and reform public finances. The theoretical part is focused on defining the area being examined and the theory describing this area have their roots back more than sixty years ago in the USA. Although the idea is relatively old data, their content is still current. This is particularly important now that the growing indebtedness of many countries of the European Union, including the Czech Republic. The paper reviewed the current action by governments in the management of public finances. In the analytical part, I analyze using appropriate statistical data trends, correlations and patterns of past and current periods. Based on the trends observed and outline possible scenarios for future development. Reported research findings are interpreted in the form of text, supplemented by a series of graphic illustrations. Not forgetting the situation in the Czech Republic comparison with other developing countries of the European Union. The conclusion summarizes the findings and recommendations and outline likely future developments.

Thesis. 1979. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 206-207. / by Dana R. Driskell. / M.C.P.

The thesis deals with the internal economic equilibrium of the EU member states between 2007 and 2010. In this period, which was considerably influenced by the global economic recession, a sharp deterioration in public finances and other macroeconomic indicators is apparent. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the starting points and putting the issue of public finances. The practical part is dedicated to the development and comparison of basic indicators of internal economic balance across the member countries, especially to the depth and dynamics of the public debt. In the final part, attention is paid to the prospects of development in this field at European Union level and at the level of national states.

Thesis (M.Ed. (Curriculum Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / The key aim of the study was to investigate whether school libraries in the rural schools of Nkangala region, Mpumalanga do implement budgeting policies due to funding constraints and poor service delivery. The library-computer centre can enhance teaching and learning. Some 188 school libraries were selected to explore their budgeting procedures and only 81 responded. The survey data collection method was used through a self-administered questionnaire which was distributed to teacher-librarians. The results of the study were analyzed according to frequencies and graphically displayed in table form. The results of the study show that almost all rural school libraries in the area have neither budgeting policies nor adequate budget to spend for effective service delivery. This shows that not only do school libraries experience budgetary constraints, but there might be other factors contributing to their poor library service delivery. It is important to empower school principals, SGBs and top managers in library budgeting procedures and for all to work cooperatively to achieve the expected educational goals.