For several years there have been lots of structural changes in the construction process, discussions on how to find new ways to collaborate have been developed to avoid problems, with lack of trust, high prices, environment and quality problems. Partnering is not a new form of contracting, only a new way for contractor, owner and designer to work together. The main benefits of this new thinking have been to change from transaction- to relationship businesses. The customer and the project are always in focus. To achieve these results there has to be total sincerity and openness from all of the project participants. Common goals with trust, reliance and openness are the main factors in making this partnership functional. With the introduction of this new form of collaboration, discussions have been made on how partnering will be affected by public procurement. The purpose with this study is to increase my knowledge about partnering and to acquire knowledge on how partnering should be publically procured. The objective of this study is to investigate how partnering should be publically procured accordingly to the Public Procurement Act (LOU). To achieve this goal, information retrieval and research has been done at the University library. A draft was made of already accomplished local partnering procurements, and where handed out to two owners and contractors. It was later followed up with dialogues och interviews. The owners and contractors were united in the opinion on how the drafts should be made, but there was a difference of opinion on how the draft was to be made applicable to public procurement. The study showed that the draft was based on soft criterias, which could allow an influenced subjective judgement from the owner. The public offices have to prove open competition, fair judgement and none discrimination. Before choosing partnering as a collaboration form, the public buyer has to have a proper organisation and must be prepared for the hard work that will follow. Reference objects should be studied so that the Public Procurement Act will be followed. / Under många år har byggbranschen varit i stora strukturella förändringar och i diskussioner har det framkommit behov av att hitta nya samarbetsformer för att komma från problem med höga kostnader, brist på förtroende och andra kvalitets- och miljöproblem. Partnering är ingen ny entreprenadform utan ett nytt sätt att samarbeta för beställare, entreprenörer och konsulter. Den stora skillnaden som partnering medför är nytänkandet som frångår de traditionella transaktionsaffär och övergår till relationsaffär med kunden med projektet i fokus. För att ett partneringsamarbete skall fungera måste samtliga aktörer tänka på ett helt nytt sätt. Detta uppnås bland annat genom att samtliga parter tillsammans arbetar fram gemensamma mål och arbetar med total öppenhet kring ekonomi, teknik, kvalitet, miljö och konflikter. Samarbetet skall vara baserat på öppenhet, förtroende och tillit. Genom att diskutera fram de bästa lösningarna för projektet skall kompetensen från samtliga aktörer lyftas fram och förhoppningsvis kommer detta att leda till en bättre produkt. Arbetssättet stimulerar alla inblandade parter och det ges utrymme för nya innovativa idéer. Vid införandet av den nya samarbetsformen har diskussioner uppkommit om hur dessa projekt upphandlas vid offentlig upphandling. Syftet med arbetet är att ge större kännedom om hur offentlig upphandling av partnering bör genomföras. Målet med examensarbetet är att utreda hur en samverkansentreprenad bör upphandlas enligt lagen om offentlig upphandling. För att utreda om offentlig upphandling av partnering går att tillämpa av offentliga beställare gjordes först en litteraturstudie där byggprocessen och tidigare genomförda samverkansentreprenader studerades. Utifrån den ökade kunskapsnivån kunde en anbudsförfrågan utarbetas och prövas i det lokala näringslivet genom samtal och intervjuer. Anbudsförfrågan har tagits fram utifrån referensobjekt som lokala offentliga beställare använt vid upphandling av partnering. Åsikterna från näringslivet om hur anbudsförfrågan skall vara utformad var relativt enhetliga. Däremot skiljde sig åsikterna i om förfrågan går att tillämpa vid offentlig upphandling. Studien visar att anbudsförfrågan baseras på mjuka kriterier, vilket kan medge stor inverkan av subjektiv bedömning från beställaren. Den offentliga beställaren skall visa på sund konkurrens, rättvis bedömning samt kunna påvisa icke-diskriminering, likabehandling och proportionalitet. Innan en offentlig beställare väljer att upphandla ett partneringsamarbete bör organisationen vara väl utvecklad för ett samarbete som kräver mycket av beställaren. Referensobjekt av samma typ bör studeras och vidare utveckla bedömningsverktyg som följer LOU:s regelverk klart och tydligt.

<p>This essay will discuss the process of drawing a restaurant – the position of the house lot, requirements from the authority and architectural quality.</p><p>During the summer months are many people celebrating their spare time in the beach in Jönköping, by the shore of Lake Vättern. There is some existing buildings in this area that is not used by a general public. In cooperation with the municipality of Jönköping and a person who wants to operate a restaurant on the beach, is this essay a proposal of how this part of the shore of Lake Vättern can look in the future.</p><p>The focus of the work is to design a restaurant. This is made on the basis of the interviews that have been made with the operators of the area and a thought building, and from the existing rules of the performing and designing of a restaurant.</p><p>The planned restaurant is placed in an area where it today is a public toilet. A demand from the municipality for building a restaurant here is to make new public toilets here, which can be better looked after than the existing ones.</p><p>The restaurant will approximately have places for 70 eating persons inside, and 100 persons outside. Since a lot of people are in this area during the summer is a kiosk placed connected to the restaurant kitchen that easily can be reached from the beach walk.</p><p>The restaurant has to be flexible to serve many necessary purposes – you can both make fast purchases from a kiosk, as well as being there eating a fancy Christmas dinner. To draw consumers during colder seasons is it necessary to have a restaurant that gives a proper impression for that kind of business too.</p>

<p>Litteraturstudier visar att det mellan år 1961 och 1970 byggdes 600 000</p><p>flerbostadshus i Sverige, tiden är nu inne för en renovering av dessa byggnaders</p><p>våtrumsstammar. De tekniker som konkurrerar om de stora renoveringsarbetena</p><p>är den klassiska stambytesrenoveringen, Relining och Prefab-badrum. Huvuddelen</p><p>av denna uppsats utgörs av en undersökning av de tre teknikerna men rapporten</p><p>beskriver också problem som kan uppstå vid renoveringar av våtrumsstammar och</p><p>den ger en allmän redovisning för Sveriges byggnadsbestånd.</p><p>Den klassiska stamrenoveringsmetoden, då det gamla badrummet rivs ut och ett</p><p>nytt badrum byggs upp utifrån den gamla stommen, är ett omfattande och</p><p>tidskrävande projekt. För att minimera bland annat kostnader, byggtid och</p><p>byggavfall har man tagit fram nya, mindre tidskrävande tekniker.</p><p>Så sent som år 1990 gjordes den första Relining renoveringen i Sverige. Denna är</p><p>idag intakt vilket tyder på att livslängden för denna typ av renovering är minst 18</p><p>år. Tack vare att rören gjuts får de nya rören varken fogar eller skarvar, vilket</p><p>minskar risken för fuktskador. Efter ett stambyte då man använt sig av Relining</p><p>kan dock en mindre kunnig konsument tro att badrummet är intakt och kommer</p><p>att så vara en lång tid framöver, men eftersom endast ledningarna renoveras, skulle</p><p>detta kunna leda till att ett tätskikt kan fortsätta att läcka utan något ingrepp görs.</p><p>Prefab-badrummen, vars teknik också är ny, bygger på att ett nytt badrum byggs i</p><p>det gamla, vilket minimerar rivningsarbetet. När Rum i Rum AB renoverar</p><p>badrummen använder de sig utav en ventilationsspalt för att eventuell framtida</p><p>fukt ska kunna ventileras ut genom öppningen vid tröskeln in till badrummet.</p><p>Detta är en prisvärd renovering som innefattar ett framtidstänkande, då eventuella</p><p>läckor kan upptäckas direkt så några skador inte hinner bildas. Det finns dock en</p><p>risk för en ”prefab” känsla ges, det vill säga mindre valmöjligheter när det gäller</p><p>utformningen.</p><p>Nu när miljonprogrammet kommer att behöva en stamrenovering anser jag att</p><p>Prefab-badrummen är det bästa alternativet. De flesta av dessa badrum har</p><p>liknande eller till och med samma utformning, vilket skulle gynna den utvecklade</p><p>logistiken som finns inom Prefab-badrummen för att då hinna med all renovering</p><p>som behövs.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>We all have experience of dwelling, which means that everyone can have an opinion about the architecture of the dwelling. Today the building companies do not have time enough to investigate which architecture qualities their clientele ask for in their apartments. JM AB use to call their apartments “generous city apartments”. But do these apartments fulfill the needs of their dwellers? And what would the apartments look like if they were designed according to the wishes of the dwellers? When JM AB get knowledge about the dwellers needs and wishes they can make even better apartments for their future customers.</p><p>The purpose and the objective with this report are to draw up proposals for tenant owner flat. These apartments were designed in view of the dwellers needs and wishes.</p><p>Literature studies were performed and underlie for the apartment proposals and the opinion poll. Literature about planning of dwelling, human needs, use and availability and architectural qualities and esthetics were used.</p><p>A quantitative investigation was performed where polls were carried out to the dwellers in JM AB’s apartments in Jonkoping. The result of the opinion poll explained how the dwellers experience their apartments and if there is any wishes of possible improvements. The majority of the dwellers were satisfied with their apartments, the result of the opinion poll shows that the apartments could be improved, however.</p><p>Taking literature and the result of the opinion poll as a starting point, proposals of apartment planning has been sketched. These sketches resulted in the four final apartments.</p><p>Work has been done on the details to strengthen the architectural quality of the four final apartments. Some of the qualities that dwellers ask for are open planning with a private and introvert part and the hall as a secluded room, bathroom right next to the bedroom and good daylight in the living room. Work has even been done on the apartments to attain to the building standards and the official recommendations that are to create a good living environment. To get an idea of how the apartments will be experienced in the reality the apartments were visualized in 3D.</p><p>The apartments of JM AB are today already well planned and fulfill many of the qualities that the dwellers wish according to the opinion poll. The opinion poll gave new knowledge and wider insight in what the dwellers appreciate. With this knowledge JM AB can further develop their apartments and attain to a higher grade of architectural quality.</p>

<p>The background to this final thesis is that our mandator, A-hus, was interested to examine which roof system that would be most appropriate to their types of houses. To investigate this, we first conducted an evaluation of the most commonly used roof systems in Sweden today: decking, board, roof cloth and prefabricated roof cassettes.</p><p>To gather information about the different systems we have conducted interviews with several professionals within the construction industry, done an extensive literature study, and gathered information from the Internet.</p><p>Based on the evaluation of roof systems and the literature, we analyzed advantages and disadvantages of the roof systems from three main perspectives: system characteristics, economics and other characteristics. We found these perspectives to be the most relevant when selecting a roof system.</p><p>The main perspectives comprise three categories which are graded. These grades are then added together for a score for each main perspective and a total score for the three main perspectives. Then we compared the systems and, based on the scores, suggested one roof system as the most suitable for A-hus.</p><p>Our result suggests that the prefabricated roof cassettes probably is the best solution for A-hus, but only if it is possible to standardize the cassettes and still maintain the flexibility to match A-hus’ house types. If this can be realized, the high planning costs, which currently are a major part of the total costs, can decrease. In time, even the high costs for site assembling can decrease. The main advantage with the roof cassettes is the possibility to eliminate almost all moist, which otherwise are complicated to deal with.</p>

<p>Passive houses are a relatively new concept in Sweden and by that it is meant a house without a traditional heating system. The most acknowledged passive house project is the terrace houses in Lindås, Gothenburg, which we have used as a reference. This project concerns a square apartment block. So far, no square apartment block has been built as a passive house in Sweden.</p><p>The common opinion in the construction industry is that it is not economical to build extremely energy efficient houses. With Peab as commissioner our task was to investigate if that is true, if regarding the construction of a multi storey house as a passive house</p><p>Midroc, now owned by Peab, constructed in the block of Preussen in Jönköping during 2004-2005 four houses, with 132 apartments distributed on seven floors. The façade is brick and the core is concrete with wooden exterior walls.</p><p>The amount of energy per house was estimated to120 kWh/m2 and year.</p><p>The four houses were approximated to be 4,5 million SEK more expensive if they were to be constructed as passive houses, which according to our calculation, will be paid off within eleven years. In our opinion the houses could have been constructed as passive ones with defendable economy. Our energy calculation program shows an energy use of 65 kWh/m2yr.</p><p>The windows are extremely efficient and the walls consist of about 450 mm insulation. The central ventilation system was changed into smaller ones installed in each apartment. These are more efficient, makes individual measuring possible and promotes a better indoor environment.</p><p>The houses have to have, in addition to the recycled heating from the ventilation, extra energy during 22 days per year. To manage that need without help from direct electricity, we have ideas of integrating the bedrock heating, which is our base energy resource for producing warm water, with the ventilation system, but we have not analysed how such a system will look like.</p><p>Sun panels of different types have been evaluated but were not considered to be economically profitable if installed in addition to the bedrock heating.</p>

<p>This thesis project is a vision of an identity building in Gothenburg, situated on the pier called Bananpiren. The purpose of the project is to create interest and stimulate discussions around the place and the building.In order to gain inspiration of what such a place can contain and express, a number of similar projects have been analysed, for example the Sydney Opera and the Yokohama International Port Terminal.A number of suggestions was then created and analysed, all of which are presented in chronological order in order to show the rejections and the developed designs that resulted in the final formation to proceed with.The result was finalised in a number of presentation images of the project that can be used by Cullbergs Arkitektkontor AB when presenting the project.</p> / <p>Examensarbetet är en vision till en identitetsbyggnad i Göteborg belägen på Bananpiren. Idén med projektet är att väcka intresse och skapa diskussion över platsen och byggnaden.För att få inspiration över vad en sådan här plats kan innehålla och förmedla har liknade projekt analyserats, till exempel Sydneyoperan och Yokohama international port terminal.Under genomförandet har en mängd förslag testats och analyserats, här redovisas i kronologisk ordning hur de olika förslagen har utvecklats eller förkastats innan vi kom fram till en slutlig utformning att jobba vidare på.Resultatet ledde till att Cullbergs Arkitektkontor AB fick en mängd presentationsbilder över projektet som de kan använda sig av i presentationer av projektet.</p>

No description available.

<p>The sealing of hard jointed rock by grouting involves several complicated mechanical systems. The result is a complex coupled system of hydro- logical and mechanical precesses. In order to determine the higher order effects of the resulting system the fracture deformations must be assessed. This requires a model that mimics the mechanical behaviour of not only fractures under normal load but also the entire rock mass system. This model indicates that there are two dominant regimes involved; a permeation regime and a high pressure regime.</p><p>The pressure limit that separates permeation grouting from high pressure grouting can then be found to be closely related to the in situ stress. In the high pressure regime the deformations may be large but very situation-dependent. The principal deformational eigenmodes of some boundary conditions are considered. The analysis indicates that the usage of high pressure grouting can be both benficial to the operation as well as increase the inflow of water to the excavation.</p>

<p>Water repellent agents, today mainly consisting of alkylalkoxysilanes, are often used on concrete to prolong the service life of the structure. This is accomplished by protecting the reinforcement bars from chlorides or by changing the moisture content inside. When the concrete is treated with a water repellent agent the properties of the surface layer turn from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and thereby water droplets are stopped from entering, still allowing water vapour to pass through. This property change can reduce chloride ingression and stop heavy rain from penetrating through the surface layer.</p><p>This thesis presents results concerning how the moisture transport and fixation in the surface layer of the concrete is affected by a water repellent treatment. It also presents an investigation in which the effective penetration depth and the factors that influence it are studied. The methods used covers uni-dimensional transport of moisture using the so called cup method, measurements on moisture fixation using climate boxes with saturated salt solutions, penetration depth by cracking samples and spraying water on them, and field tests in a harsh tunnel environment.</p><p>The moisture diffusion coefficient for a water repellent treated concrete is close to constant and not nearly as dependent on the relative humidity (RH) as for untreated concrete. Unlike untreated concrete, where capillary suction plays an important role for the moisture transport at high RH, the vapour transport is the dominant transport mechanism even at high RH for water repellent treated concrete.</p><p>The moisture fixation is affected by a water repellent treatment and the effect is clearest at high moisture levels. There is, however, a certain amount of moisture present in a concrete treated with a water repellent agent. It can also be seen that the main reason for this is that the capillary porosity is affected by the treatment to a relatively high degree while the gel porosity to a large extent remains unaffected.</p><p>The three most important factors for the penetration of any water repellent agent into concrete is time, porosity and degree of saturation. An empirical equation is derived that gives an idea on how much these factors affect the efficient penetration depth of the water repellent agent.</p><p>Measures prolonging the service life of a concrete structure will lead to savings of natural resources and thus both economical and environmental savings for the community. The aim with the PhD-project is to develop explanation models to the promising results that have been obtained from the empirical research during the last decade and by doing this also create a better knowledge about when and how to apply a water repellent agent in order to benefit as much as possible from the product. The results presented in this Lisenciate thesis will be used as input in these models in the planned second phase of this project.</p>