Building Information Modeling (BIM) model contains information about structural, architectural, MEP (Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing) and other numerous components of a building. Among these components, MEP constitutes about 50% of the project cost, and its design is relatively more complex because of the limited headroom available to locate these components. The coordination of these systems involves locating and routing several subcomponents in a manner that satisfies different types of constraints. The earlier version of BIM Computer Aided Virtual Environment (CAVE) did not have provisions to show the overhead components of a BIM model. Conventionally, models had to be tilted to visualize the overhead components. The process of tilting the models to look up is considered counterintuitive. Some of the popular CAVEs developed by leading Universities have a screen on top to show the overhead components but they have a major shortcoming with them. The BIM models had to be converted to a specific format before they can be visualized in the CAVE environments. This study is an attempt to address the shortcomings of the previous version of the BIM CAVE by suggesting a prototype setup with a 55" LCD screen on top of the existing three vertically placed LCD screens. The addition of one more screen on top increases the vertical field of view, that is, the extent to which the user can see vertically in a BIM model. The new BIM CAVE setup is run by a custom built application that makes use of the .Net API (Application Programming Interface) of the commercially available BIM application, Autodesk Navisworks 2012, to control the camera views for achieving an almost seamless semi-immersive virtual environment. The main objective of this research is to validate the effectiveness of the new setup suggested by using a qualitative research methodology called phenomenological study. Semi-structured informal interviews were conducted with the subject matter experts (SMEs) who are experienced in the field of BIM to know about the differences in the user experience after adding a screen on top of the earlier BIM CAVE setup. The main idea behind this qualitative research technique is to develop an understanding of how the SMEs perceived the idea of looking up to see the overhead components of the BIM model. This thesis explains the steps followed to develop the modified BIM CAVE setup in detail and findings of the qualitative study to know about the effectiveness of the suggested new setup.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-24T19:57:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_CleitonRochadeMatos.pdf: 18291938 bytes, checksum: cad4b74c09af12042a20ce2a0bb41156 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-25T19:22:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_CleitonRochadeMatos.pdf: 18291938 bytes, checksum: cad4b74c09af12042a20ce2a0bb41156 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T19:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_CleitonRochadeMatos.pdf: 18291938 bytes, checksum: cad4b74c09af12042a20ce2a0bb41156 (MD5) / A melhoria da qualidade dos projetos com o auxílio do uso da tecnologia Building Information Modeling (BIM) tem sido relatada em diversas pesquisas, tal fato motiva a adoção dessa tecnologia em vários países do mundo, alguns inclusive têm tornado o uso do BIM obrigatório devido aos diversos benefícios advindos dessa tecnologia na construção civil. Apesar da necessidade de melhorias nas obras públicas no Brasil, inclusive no tocante à redução de irregularidades, o uso do BIM, no setor público, ainda é incipiente. Devido a isso, existem poucos exemplos de obras públicas projetadas e executadas nessa tecnologia, bem como estudos da área acadêmica brasileira nesse setor, em especial, existe uma lacuna sobre o emprego do BIM nas fiscalizações de obras públicas. Assim, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da aplicação da tecnologia BIM no auxílio das atividades desempenhadas pela equipe responsável por fiscalizar o contrato de execução das obras públicas federais. Para desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do BIM e fiscalização de obras, a partir dessas pesquisas foi estabelecida uma relação entre os benefícios do BIM e as atividades de fiscalização de obras. Em seguida, foi aplicado as conclusões obtidos dessa relação a um estudo de caso. Como resultado principal, conclui-se que o uso do BIM 4D e 5D melhora a qualidade dos projetos, planejamento e do levantamento de quantidades e controle do custo, munindo os fiscais de informações mais qualificadas para controlar e exigir o cumprimento do contrato por parte da empreiteira e consequentemente melhorando a performance da fiscalização. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The improvement of the quality of the projects with the assistance of technology Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been reported in several researches, this fact motivates the adoption of this technology in various countries of the world, and some even have made the use of BIM required due to several benefits from this technology in construction. Despite the need for improvements in public works in Brazil, including as regards the reduction of irregularities, the use of BIM, in the public sector, is still incipient. Because of this, there are few examples of public works designed and implemented this technology, as well as studies of Brazilian academic area in this sector, in particular, there is a gap on employment of BIM in the inspection of public works. So, this dissertation aims to evaluate the potential of BIM technology application in aid of the activities performed by the team responsible for overseeing the execution of public works contract. For the development of this work was made a bibliographical review about BIM and supervision of works, from these surveys was established a relationship between the benefits of BIM and supervisory activities. Then, we applied the conclusions obtained this relation to a case study. As a main result, we conclude that the use of BIM 4D and 5D improves the quality of projects, planning and survey of quantities and cost control, giving the most qualified information for supervisor of contracts and require the fulfilment of the contract by the contractor and therefore improving the performance of the supervision.

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Charles L. Burton / Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a new way of approaching the design, construction, and management of a building. It is an innovative method that bridges the communication gap between the architects, engineers, and contractors. By definition Building Information Modeling is a model-based technology linked with a database of project information. BIM builds a virtual model of the building so that architects, engineers, and contractors can all access at anytime. With BIM, architects and engineers are able to efficiently generate and exchange information, create digital representations of all stages of the building process, and simulate real-world performance. By doing this, many errors are eliminated in the field which increases productivity and improves quality. This report defines what BIM actually is and discusses the benefits and challenges that are associated with this new method of design and construction. Specifically, this report will take an in depth look at how BIM affects MEP design.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein BIM-konformer Workflow zur Konzeptionierung von TGA-Systemen vorgestellt. Das Ziel ist es, den Studierenden der HTWK Leipzig ein Hilfsmittel und Nachschlagewerk bereitzustellen, das insbesondere für die Anwendung im Mastermodul „Digitalisierung im Bauwesen – BIM“ herangezogen wird. Die Erstellung erfolgte exemplarisch anhand eines Einfamilienhauses unter Verwendung der Softwareanwendungen Autodesk Revit, SolarComputer und auxalia CADstudio MEPprojectBox.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Zielstellung 1.2 Arbeitsaufteilung 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 2.1 Übersicht des BIM-konformen Workflows 2.2 Grundlagen für den erarbeiteten Inhalt 2.3 Grundlagen der betrachteten Software 3 BIM-konformer Workflow 3.1 Software 3.2 Struktur des Workflows 3.2.1 Allgemein 3.2.2 Vorbereitende Koordination 3.2.3 Planung der Heizungstechnik 3.2.4 Planung der Lüftungstechnik 3.2.5 Planung der Sanitärtechnik 3.2.6 Allgemeine Koordination 4 Analyse 4.1 Konzeptionierung des Workflows 4.2 Ausblick 5 Zusammenfassung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

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In recent years, the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) databases has enabled architects/engineers to quantify the environmental impact of building materials for whole building analysis and comparative analyses of design alternatives. The application of building information modeling (BIM) has facilitated this process by providing designers and engineers with the detailed bill of materials required for LCA. However three limitations exist: First, LCA assessments have been limited to the design phase of a project delivery or post completion phase. Consequently, it does not help incentivize the choice of suppliers and delivery strategies that minimize the cradle-to-site impacts. Second, majority LCA tools ignore the impact of construction means and methods during the construction phase. Third, there is a lack of metrics and visualization tools that assess environmental impacts of decisions made during pre-construction and construction phase. As a result, little incentive exists for suppliers to provide embodied carbon footprint rates, and similarly, for contractors to balance project costs, schedule objectives with the corresponding environmental impact. To address these challenges, we propose and develop a new framework that applies BIM for reliable, effective benchmarking, monitoring, and visualization of embodied carbon footprint of construction projects. It comprises of a benchmarking module, and a monitoring and visualization module. In the experiments, this framework is implemented on concrete placement activities during the construction of the Center for the Arts facility at Virginia Tech. The developed framework can revolutionize construction by a) a rapid assessment and visualization of the deviations between expected and released carbon footprint, b) incentivizing contractors to request that manufacturers and suppliers gauge and share their carbon footprints as a part of contractor submittal process and c) incentivizing those construction firms that can complete their project with an overall carbon footprint rate lower than what is budgeted during the pre-construction or compared to the values from the design phase, while documenting and using the performance results as a benchmark for future similar projects. / Master of Science

According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, 293 people lost their life from 2008-2012 in the field of Facility Management (FM). In that same timeframe, private employers recorded 98,420 cases of occupational injuries and illness, with 26,190 cases requiring a minimum of 31 days away from work. Workers in this field are at constant risk of electrical shock, falls, crushing, cuts, and bruises and as a result, have a much higher rate of injury and illness than the national average. Case study analysis confirms that many of the recorded accidents could have been avoided had the victim followed appropriate hazard mitigation steps to safely execute a facility repair and maintenance task, defined in this research as safety protocol. Currently, safety related information is conveyed to FM staff through training seminars, OandM manuals, plans and specifications, database storage, safety meetings, and safety literature. This information, although comprehensive, often remains fragmented among multiple resources and is left up to the worker's discretion whether the information is relevant. Research has shown that the more time and effort, known as inconvenience, an individual must spend obtaining information, the less likely they are to retrieve the information and obey the stated warnings. This research focuses on the identification, categorization, transference, and delivery of safety related information applicable to facility management staff. This is executed by, obtaining safety inputs through various mechanisms of data collection, categorizing the safety inputs, transferring the information utilizing existing BIM-based software and research methods into a data storage repository, and designing a data retrieval and processing system (DRPS), integrated into the repository to interact with the data. The DRPS adds structure and relationships through a UML Class Diagram and Sequence Diagram. Additionally, standardized safety properties are developed for asset groups using the Asset Safety Identification Tool (ASIT). Finally, a conceptual graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to represent the interaction between the DRPS and the FM Worker. By combining the DRPS with a GUI, a FM worker can efficiently interact with a singular repository for safety information, eliminating the need to reference multiple resources in order to obtain comprehensive safety information. The goal of this research is to mitigate the fragmentation and timing inefficiencies within safety related information retrieval by developing a BIM-based framework to categorize, consolidate, and deliver job specific safety information, eliminating the need to reference multiple documents in order to develop a comprehensive, task specific safety plan. / Ph. D. / According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, 293 people lost their life from 2008-2012 in the field of Facility Management (FM). In that same timeframe, private employers recorded 98,420 cases of occupational injuries and illness, with 26,190 cases requiring a minimum of 31 days away from work. Workers in this field are at constant risk of electrical shock, falls, crushing, cuts, and bruises and as a result, have a much higher rate of injury and illness than the national average. Data analysis confirms that many of the recorded accidents could have been avoided had the victim followed appropriate hazard mitigation steps to safely execute a facility repair and maintenance task. Currently, safety related information is conveyed to FM staff through training seminars, operations & maintenance manuals, plans & specifications, virtual training, safety meetings, and safety literature. This information, although comprehensive, often remains fragmented among multiple resources and is left up to the worker’s discretion whether the information is relevant. Research has shown that the more time and effort an individual must spend obtaining information, the less likely they are to retrieve the information and obey the stated warnings. This research focuses on the identification, categorization, transference, and delivery of safety related information applicable to FM staff. This is executed by, obtaining safety inputs (categorized information) through various mechanisms of data collection, organizing the safety inputs, transferring the information utilizing existing engineering software and research methods into a computer based data storage repository, and designing a data retrieval and processing system (DRPS), integrated into the data storage repository to interact with the data. The DRPS adds structure and relationships through computer programming, using a Unified Modeling Language (UML) Class Diagram and Sequence Diagram. Additionally, standardized safety properties are developed for FM assets (operations equipment) using the Asset Safety Identification Tool (ASIT). Finally, a conceptual computer interface (GUI) is developed to represent the interaction between the DRPS and FM Worker. By combining the DRPS with a GUI, a FM worker can efficiently interact with a singular repository for safety information, eliminating the need to reference multiple resources in order to obtain comprehensive safety information. The goal of this research is to mitigate the fragmentation and timing inefficiencies with retrieving safety information by developing a computer based framework to categorize, consolidate, and deliver job specific safety information, eliminating the need to reference multiple documents in order to develop a comprehensive, task specific safety plan.

[pt] Atualmente o processo que envolve a construção de um empreendimento é baseado em documentos impressos e desconexos. Há uma tendência global de que um mesmo projeto seja elaborado por diversas empresas e diferentes equipes, porém, as ferramentas computacionais que são utilizadas ainda são as mesmas de décadas atrás. Devido a essa mudança de paradigma, a metodologia conhecida como modelagem da informação da construção, BIM, vem aos poucos ganhando aceitação na área de AEC (Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção). Motivada por esse processo de transição, essa dissertação tem como objetivo estudar e avaliar algumas das ferramentas computacionais disponíveis no mercado que são utilizadas na implementação da metodologia BIM. Essa avaliação é feita a partir do projeto de um empreendimento real que foi feito utilizando a metodologia tradicional, isto é, documentos 2D independentes. O projeto é modelado em 3D com uma base de dados integrada de acordo com a metodologia BIM. O projeto baseado no modelo 3D é então comparado com o projeto original. Ao término desse estudo são obtidos exemplos reais dos benefícios da modelagem 3D parametrizada. Uma série de deficiências são detectadas nos documentos 2D originais, o que não teria acontecido caso a metodologia BIM fosse usada desde o início do projeto. Além disso, é avaliada a integração entre uma ferramenta de modelagem 3D estrutural (Autodesk Revit Structure 2012) e um software de análise estrutural (Autodesk Robot 2012). Estratégias de integração são testadas e as melhores práticas são descritas em detalhe. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o uso da metodologia é promissor e sua implementação deve ser seriamente considerada no Brasil. / [en] Currently the process involved in the construction of a facility remains fragmented and dependent on paper-based communication modes. There is a global trend where a single project may be developed by different companies and may involve several teams of specialists. However, the computational tools that are still in use are the same as the ones being used for decades. Due to this paradigm shift, a methodology known as Building Information Modeling, BIM, has been gaining acceptance in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) area. Motivated by this process of transition, this thesis aims to study and evaluate some of the computational tools available in the market that are used to implement the BIM methodology. This assessment is made using the design of an actual facility, which is done using the traditional 2D design methodology, i.e., disjoint 2D documents. The project is modeled in 3D with using integrated database according to the BIM methodology. The resulting project is then compared to the original project. At the end of this study, real examples of the benefits of parameterized 3D modeling are obtained. Several inconsistencies in the original design documents are observed, which would not have occurred if the BIM methodology had been used from the beginning of the project. In addition, the integration between a 3D structural modeling tool (Autodesk Revit Structure 2012) and a structural analysis tool (Autodesk Robot 2012) is evaluated. Integration strategies are tested and the best practices are described in detail. The findings of this work suggest the use of the BIM methodology is promising and support its use in Brazil.

Según estudios realizados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática – INEI, en la región de Puno, en los censos de 1993 y 2007 existe un crecimiento demográfico emigrante de las zonas rurales a la zona urbana, de la ciudad de Juliaca, gran parte de esta población pertenece al sector socioeconómico “C”; por lo que la demanda de la adquisición de la vivienda propia que sea de bajo costo y además cumpla con las necesidades básica que se incrementaron para dicha población. El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en el desarrollo y utilización de nuevas tecnologías de gestión como es el uso del BIM (Building Information Modeling) y el Lean Construction para el desarrollo de una vivienda unifamiliar en la ciudad de Juliaca, como así también la implementación del uso de materiales y técnicas de construcción novedosos tales como son los prefabricados de concreto; con estas nuevas tendencias de construcción y gestión se procura aminorar los costos y tener la posibilidad de adquirir la vivienda propia para este sector de la población. Dentro de este estudio se establece que los prefabricados a utilizarse en este proceso constructivo de la vivienda serán los paneles tipo Sándwich y las prelosas, las cuales son comparadas con el sistema tradicional que corresponde a un sistema aporticado que es usado mayormente en la ciudad de Juliaca. / According to some statistical studies by Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática – INEI, in the region of Puno, performed in the 1993 and 2007 Census; there is increasing of immigrant population who belong to the "C" socioeconomical sector; for which low-cost own housing that meets the requirements of this population has shown a strong growth. The aim of this thesis consists in developing and use of new technologies of management in building, as the usage of BIM (Building Informatio Modeling), and Lean Construction in order to get a single-family house built in the city of Juliaca, as well as the implementation of the use of new materials and new construction techniques, as pre-fabricated concrete construction products; with these new construction and management trends, we seek to lower costs and to get the possibility to obtain own housing for this sector of the population. Pre-fabricated construction products to be used in this process of building of houses will be Sandwich panels and floor plates, which will be compared with the traditional building breached system used mostly used in the city of Juliaca. / Trabajo de investigación