<p>The use of CAD, within the building industry came strongly, during the 1980’s and the 1990’s. The development has since then rapidly progressed and the using of 3D-models has in addition increased. We are now at the edge of next step of evolution. BIM, Building Information Model(ing), is here. Briefly, BIM is an object oriented 3D-model, which contains information. The information is used in all phases of the building’s lifecycle. BIM simplifies the coordination and enables, among others, a more accurate calculation in an early phase of the process. </p><p>The purpose of the report is to present how BIM applies in practice. The report is based on interviews and observations at the projecting of Halmstad Arena. </p><p>BIM-technology isn’t completely ready yet, but it is on its way. Today BIM is most suited for complex projects. Once you have learned the work method, BIM will be superior the traditional 2D-projecting and applied to every project. New job types will be established, such as BIM-supervisor and building modeler, whom are specialized towards BIM. Even though the objective for all parts has been to work integrated and towards a common objective, with traditional projecting, we aren’t there yet. BIM doesn’t change the objective, but simplifies the approach.</p>

The use of CAD, within the building industry came strongly, during the 1980’s and the 1990’s. The development has since then rapidly progressed and the using of 3D-models has in addition increased. We are now at the edge of next step of evolution. BIM, Building Information Model(ing), is here. Briefly, BIM is an object oriented 3D-model, which contains information. The information is used in all phases of the building’s lifecycle. BIM simplifies the coordination and enables, among others, a more accurate calculation in an early phase of the process. The purpose of the report is to present how BIM applies in practice. The report is based on interviews and observations at the projecting of Halmstad Arena. BIM-technology isn’t completely ready yet, but it is on its way. Today BIM is most suited for complex projects. Once you have learned the work method, BIM will be superior the traditional 2D-projecting and applied to every project. New job types will be established, such as BIM-supervisor and building modeler, whom are specialized towards BIM. Even though the objective for all parts has been to work integrated and towards a common objective, with traditional projecting, we aren’t there yet. BIM doesn’t change the objective, but simplifies the approach.

ABSTRACT The construction industry represents one of the largest and most important industries in Sweden with a large throughput per year. Problems often arise in construction projects which lead to unnecessary construction costs, material costs and waste of time. A solution to those problems can be BIM-Building Information Modeling. BIM is a collective concept of how information is created, stored and used in different stages using a BIM 3D-model. The information should contain important data like height, volume, area, pressure etc. and be digital, measurable and available throughout the whole construction process.    The purpose of this study is to explore how BIM can make the construction industry more efficient regarding construction costs and time and to obtain a comprehensive view of BIM concept and functions during the construction process. The theoretical part includes benefits and disadvantages of BIM during the project planning, production and management stages. The implementation part describes the background of several of the interviewed actors and the implementation of a BIM-model in the program Autodesk Revit. The results are mainly based on interviews of different actors from project planning, production and management stages, but also from a BIM-model of a simple component. The interview result is a summary and reports the features and benefits of the use of BIM.  Former research in one residential shows that BIM perhaps give a saving in 5.15% of the costs. In conclusion BIM represents many advantages that will change and improve the construction process including time saving and less costs. BIM will be the leading approach in the construction industry with more education and better adapted software.

No description available.

La thèse porte sur l'utilisation du système d'information géographique (SIG) pour la construction du système d'information urbaine pour les villes durables et intelligentes. Le travail comprend à la fois le développement d'une méthodologie pour la construction du système d'information urbain basé sur le SIG et son application sur un démonstrateur à grande échelle de la ville intelligente et durable (projet SunRise Smart City).La thèse comporte quatre parties :La première partie comporte une analyse bibliographique des travaux réalisés sur les thèmes relatifs à ce travail de thèse à savoir : l'émergence de la ville, les concepts de Ville Durable et de Ville Intelligent, le système d'information géographique (SIG) et son application sur l’environnement urbain.Le deuxième chapitre présente l'application du SIG pour la construction du système d'information urbaine du campus scientifique de l'Université de Lille, qui est utilisé comme site de démonstration pour le projet « SunRise Smart City ». Le système d'informations urbaines comprend des informations sur les bâtiments du campus, ainsi que les réseaux urbains.Le troisième chapitre présente l'utilisation du SIG pour la visualisation des données dynamiques des réseaux urbains, qui sont collectées par des capteurs intelligents. Le chapitre présente la méthodologie suivie pour la visualisation dynamique de ces données, ainsi que l'application de cette méthode sur les données de consommation d'eau.Le dernier chapitre présente l'utilisation du BIM dans le système d'information urbain SunRise. La méthodologie est d'abord présentée, puis elle est appliquée sur un bâtiment du campus. / The thesis concerns the use of the Geographic information system (GIS) for the construction of urban information system for Sustainable and Smart Cities. The work includes both the development of a methodology for the construction of the GIS-based urban information system and its application on to the large-scale demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City (SunRise Smart City).The thesis is composed of four parts. The first part includes a state of the art on the emergence of the Smart City Concept and the achievements in this area. It also presents the Geographic Information System (GIS) and its use in both environmental and urban areas.The second chapter presents the application of the GIS for the construction of the Urban Information System of the Scientific Campus of the University of Lille, which is used as a demonstration site for the project SunRise Smart City. The urban information system includes information about the campus buildings as well as the urban networks. The third chapter presents the use of the GIS for the visualization of dynamic data concerning urban networks, which is collected by smart sensors. The chapter presents the methodology followed for the dynamic data visualization as well as the application of this methodology on the water consumption data.The last chapter presents the use of the BIM in the SunRise urban information system for the management of buildings. The methodology is first presented then it is applied to a building of the Campus.

BIM (Building Information Modeling, por sus siglas en inglés) es una metodología de trabajo multidisciplinario basado en modelos interoperables que mejora la comunicación y el flujo de la información de los stakeholders durante todo el ciclo de vida del proyecto. Esta metodología busca reemplazar a las herramientas tradicionales en el proceso de desarrollo de un proyecto y fomentar la industrialización dentro del sector de la construcción en cada una de sus fases. En este artículo, se brindará un resumen de los beneficios de emplear BIM en cada una de sus dimensiones (BIM-3D, BIM-4D, BIM-5D, BIM-6D y BIM-7D).

abstract: This research focuses on assessing the impact of various process mapping activities aimed at improving students' abilities to plan for Building Information Modeling (BIM). During the various educational activities, students were tasked with generating process maps to illustrate plans for hypothetical construction projects. Several different educational approaches for developing process maps were used, beginning in the Fall 2015 semester. In all iterations of the learning activity, students were asked to create level 1 (project-specific) and level 2 (BIM use-specific) process maps based on a previously published BIM Project Execution Planning Guide. In Fall 2015, a peer review activity was conducted. In Spring 2016, a collaborative activity was conducted. Beginning in the Fall 2016 and Spring 2017 semesters, an additional process mapping activity was conducted aimed at separating process mapping and BIM planning into separate activities. In Fall 2016, the BIM activity was conducted in groups of three whereas in Spring 2017, the students were asked to create individual process maps for the given BIM use. To understand the impact of the activity on students' perception of their own knowledge, a pre-and post-activity questionnaire was developed. It covered questions related to: (i) students' ability to create a process map, (ii) students' perception about the importance of a process map and (iii) students' perception about their own knowledge of the BIM execution process. The process maps were analyzed using a grading rubric developed by the author. The grading rubric is the major contribution of the work as there is no existing rubric to assess a BIM process map. The grading rubric divides each process map into five sections, including: core activity; activities preceding the core activity; activities following the core activity; loop/iteration; and communication across the swim lanes. The rubric consist of two parts that evaluate (i) the ability of students to demonstrate each section and (ii) the quality of demonstration of each section. The author conducted an inter-rater reliability index to validate the rubric. This inter-rater reliability index compares the scores students’ process maps were when assessed by graduate students, faculty, and industry practitioners. The reviewers graded the same set of twelve process maps. The inter-rater reliability index was found to be 0.21, which indicates a fair agreement between the graders. The non-BIM activity approach was perceived as the most impactful approach by the students. The assessment of the process maps with the rubric indicated that the non-BIM approach was the most impactful approach for enabling students to demonstrate their ability to create a process map. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Construction 2017

I ett BIM-projekt skapas ett flertal intelligenta 3D-modeller innehållande geometrier och information. Respektive fackområde skapar modeller innehållande sina byggdelar och installationskomponenter. Genom att samordna modellerna från alla områden skapas en BIM-modell över hela projektet. En förutsättning för att projekteringen ska effektiviseras är att modellerna håller god kvalitet. Då allt fler byggnader projekteras i 3D-miljö finns det idag goda möjligheter att underlätta arbetet med kvalitetssäkring. Det finns ett flertal programvaror där det är möjligt att sammanfoga och granska modeller. Förutom att upptäcka kollisioner och kvalitetsfel, innehåller programmen flera andra funktioner som kan effektivisera projekt. En egenskap är möjligheten att virtuellt gå omkring i en byggnad innan den uppförs. Det finns även möjlighet att mäta avstånd, rita och göra noteringar i modellen och dess vyer, vilket är till hjälp när den ska granskas av de olika disciplinerna. Bakgrunden till det här examensarbetet är att konsultföretaget Byggteknik AB vill veta vilken programvara för samordning som uppfyller deras behov bäst. Genom implementering av programvaran vill de kunna ta på sig samordningsansvaret i framtida BIM-projekt. Frågeställningen är: Vilken programvara lämpar sig bäst för konsultföretaget Byggteknik AB? Den besvarades genom att en fallstudie genomfördes. I fallstudien jämfördes tre olika programvaror för kvalitets- och kollisionskontroller; Autodesk Navisworks Manage, Solibri Model Checker och Tekla BIMsight. Svaret på frågeställningen, som presenteras i rapporten, är att Autodesk Navisworks Manage är den programvara som i dagsläget lämpar sig bäst för Byggteknik AB. / In a BIM-project several intelligent 3D-models is being created. The 3D-models contain both geometries and information. Each discipline creates models containing their building and installation components. By coordinating the models from all the disciplines, a BIM-model of the entire project is being created. A prerequisite for the design to be effective is that the models have a good quality. Today there are good opportunities to facilitate the work of quality assurance, since more and more buildings are designed in 3D. There are several softwares for merging and checking models. In addition to detecting collisions and quality defects, the software can do several tasks to make projects more effective. One feature is the ability to virtually walk around in the building before it is constructed. It is also possible to measure distances, draw and make notes in the model and its views, which is helpful when it will be reviewed by the various disciplines. The background to this thesis is that the consultancy Byggteknik AB would like to know what software for coordination that meets their needs best. By implementing the software, they want to be able to assume responsibility for coordination in future BIM-projects. The question for this thesis is: What software is best suited for the consultancy Byggteknik AB? To answer the question a case study was conducted. In the case study three different softwares for quality and collision checks was being compared. The softwares being compared were Autodesk Navisworks Manage, Solibri Model Checker and Tekla BIMsight. The answer to the question, presented in this report, is that Autodesk Navisworks Manage in the current situation is best suited for Byggteknik AB.

Trafikverket vill ta reda på hur de skaimplementera BIM (Building information modeling) som ett arbetssätt i sinorganisation vid projektering, byggande och förvaltning. Syftet med det härexamensarbetet är att ta reda på hur Trafikverket kommunicerar med BIM-modelleridag och hur man kan utvecklas. Det är få människor i anläggningsbranschen som idag har erfarenhet av att arbeta med BIM. Även i de projekt som jobbar med BIM idag så behövs det alltid en BIM-samordnare som håller i trådarna. För att få ett bra slutresultat så måste kommunikationen i ett projekt fungera bra. En förutsättning för detta är att alla inblandade parter har samma mål med projektet, t.ex. att hålla tidplanen bättre. De som saknar erfarenhet av arbete med BIM-modeller måste ges en chans att förstå sig på det för att de ska kunna dela med sig av sina erfarenheter och kunskap. Kunskapsnivån måste höjas och det kommer ta sin tid. Det är viktigt att man inte fokuserar allt för mycket på tekniken eftersom BIM handlar om mer än bara teknik. Först och främst måste man vara tydliga med vilket mål det är som man har av arbete med BIM. Utifrån detta kan man sedan definiera en process och sist bestämma sig för vilken teknik som passar bäst för detta ändamål. / The Transportadministration wants to find out how to implement BIM (Building informationmodeling) as a way of working in their organization during design, constructionand management. The purpose of this study is to find out how BIM-models areused in communication today and how it can be developed.   There are a few people today in the construction industry who have experience of working with BIM. Even in projects who work with BIM there is always a need for a BIM-coordinator who holds the strings. To get a good end result the communication within the project must be good. A condition for this is that all the involved parties have the same goals with the project, such as keeping the schedule better. Those who lack experience of working with BIM-models must be given a chance to understand it in order to be able to share their experience and knowledge with others. Knowledge must be enhanced and it will take time. It is important that there is not too much focus too much on technology because BIM is about more than just technology. First and foremost one must be clear about the ones goals of working with BIM. From this one can then define a process and ultimately decide which technology is best suited for this process.

I den här studien har författarna undersökt hur byggföretaget Skanska använder Building Informationen Modelling (BIM) idag på Nya Karolinska i Solna (NKS) och dess möjligheter utöver hur det används idag. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om man med hjälp av BIM kan skapa bättre förutsättningar för arbetsberedning, visualisering och mängdning på NKS. Målet med undersökningen var att kunna ge rekommendationer till Skanska hur de med hjälp av BIM kan förbättra förutsättningarna för arbetsberedning, visualisering och mängdning för betong och markarbeten. För att uppnå målet har författarna genomfört en litteraturstudie där vetenskapliga artiklar analyserats. Författarna har efter analysen genomfört en fallstudie i form av intervjuer med ett urval av yrkesgrupper från Skanska. Intervjuerna genomfördes för att undersöka hur Skanska använder BIM idag. Fallstudien jämfördes sedan med litteraturstudien för att undersöka kopplingen mellan teori och hur det är på NKS. Studien visade på att BIM har stort potential att underlätta arbetet med arbetsberedning, visualisering och mängdning för betong och markarbeten inom produktionen på NKS. Genom att man använder sig av BIM och dess 3D-modeller för visualiseringen av projektet så skapar man bättre förståelse för projektet. Med 3D-modellen ges även möjligheten att hämta mängder direkt ur modellen med hjälp av volymen för det valda elementet. Lägger man även till 4D BIM (tidsplanering) så kan man skapa en tidseffektiv planering. Det man dock skulle behöva göra på NKS är att informera personalen om vad BIM är och fördelarna som finns med att använda sig av BIM. / In this study, the authors investigated how the building construction company Skanska uses Building Information Modelling (BIM) today at the New Karolinska in Solna (NKS) and its capability. The study was limited to work preparation, visualization and quantification of concrete and ground works in the construction site. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not using BIM can create better conditions for job preparation, visualization and quantification at NKS. The goal of the survey was to provide recommendations to Skanska about how using BIM can improve conditions for work preparation, visualization and quantification of concrete and ground works. To achieve this goal, the authors conducted a review and analysis of scientific articles. The authors have carried out and analyzed a case study by interviewing a sample of professions from Skanska. The interviews were conducted to examine how Skanska are using BIM today. The case study was then compared with the literature study to investigate the link between theory and how it works at NKS. The study found that BIM has great potential to favor the process of work preparation, visualization and quantification of concrete and ground works in the construction site of NKS. By the use of BIM and its 3D models for visualization will create better understanding for the project. The 3D model gives the opportunity to get material quantities directly from the model by using the volume of the selected element. 4D BIM (scheduling) gives opportunies to create a time-efficient planning. That would be needed to do at NKS is to inform the staff of what BIM is and the benefits by using BIM.