Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka hur digitalisering påverkar olika företag och därmed upplysa Fastighets AB L E Lundberg om deras befintliga hyresgäster får förändrade beteenden inom verksamheten som på sikt kan leda till förändrade lokalbehov. Detta för att informera Fastighets AB L E Lundberg om de behöver se över affärsmodellen med långa avtalstider som kan bli ohållbart i framtiden. Studiens resultat bygger på svar från intervjupersoner som representerar de olika företagen som hyr kommersiella lokaler av Fastighets AB L E Lundberg. Totalt intervjuades nio företag, varav ett företag intervjuades över elektroniskt källa. Intervjuerna gick ut på att intervjupersonerna fick svara på en enkät som innehöll frågor om ”digitalisering” då – och nutid samt ”fastighet” då – och nutid. Resultatet visar att alla företag är medvetna om begreppet digitalisering och har ändrat någon del av verksamheten åt det digitala hållet. En del företag, beroende på verksamhet, har påverkats mer internt medan andra företag har påverkats mer externt mot kund och omvärld. Enligt resultatet kommer digitalisering att påverka företag i allt större utsträckning i framtiden och ställa högre krav på fastighetsägarens affärsmodell med långa kontraktstider. / The purpose of the study has been to investigate how digitalization affects different companies and thus inform Fastighets AB L E Lundberg if their existing tenants get changed behaviors within the business which in the long term can lead to changed facillity needs. This is to inform Fastighets AB L E Lundberg if they need to revise the business model with long contractual periods that may become unsustainable in the future. The study's results are based on responses from interviewees who represent the various companies that rent commercial premises by Fastighets AB L E Lundberg. A total of nine companies were interviewed, of which a company was interviewed via electronic source. The interviews suggested that the interviewees answer a questionnaire that contained questions about "digitalization" then - and presently as well as "real estate" then - and presently. The result shows that all companies are aware of the concept of digitalization and have changed some part of the business in the digital way. Some companies, depending on their business, have been affected more internally while other companies have been affected more externally to customers and environment. According to the result digitalization will affect companies to an increasing extent in the future and impose higher demands on the property owner's business model with long contract times.

<p dir="ltr">Restoration of civil infrastructure is <b>not</b> equivalent to the full recovery of a community from natural hazards. Considering the recovery of only civil infrastructure in quantifying the disaster recovery of a community does not allow for capturing the long-term socio-economic impacts of natural hazards (e.g., stress, anxiety, unemployment, etc.). The role of having a robust social infrastructure in facilitating disaster recovery and addressing both short-term and long-term impacts of natural hazards needs to be explored. Social infrastructure is defined as formal entities (e.g., governmental organizations, community centers, NGOs, religious centers, etc.) as well as informal social ties such as individuals and households that assist in post-disaster recovery and alleviate the distress caused by natural hazards. Social infrastructure not only addresses post-disaster tangible needs such as shelter, food, and water but also helps alleviate disaster-induced socio-economic distress in communities.</p><p dir="ltr">This research focuses on identifying the capacity needs of the social infrastructure to facilitate disaster recovery (measured using community well-being as the recovery metric), while integrating the cascading impacts from other affected inter-dependent infrastructure systems (i.e., civil, civic, cyber, financial, environmental, and educational). Using community well-being, which is defined as the state in which the needs of a community are fulfilled, allows for incorporating both short-term and long-term impacts of natural hazards.</p><p dir="ltr">The research starts with modeling post-disaster community well-being using the indicators selected from existing community well-being models. After the selection of indicators, several data sources such as phone call, survey, and FEMA support programs data were used to 1) verify the structure of the community well-being model, and 2) quantify post-disaster community well-being. Chapter 3 elaborates on this process and its outcome, which is a framework for quantifying post-disaster community well-being based on disaster helpline and survey data.</p><p dir="ltr">Chapter 4 introduces a Bayesian Network<b> </b>modeling framework for quantifying the role of social infrastructure services in the form tangible, emotional, and informational support in enhancing post-disaster community well-being. The Bayesian model was then used to propose capacity building strategies for increasing the robustness of social infrastructure and its supporting infrastructure to foster post-disaster community well-being in the face of future hurricanes.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>Intellectual Merit</b>: the proposed research is unique in its kind as it leverages social and psychological well-being models and theories to characterize the role of social infrastructure in the recovery of communities from natural disasters. The research contributes to infrastructure and urban resilience models by considering the role of social infrastructure services using community well-being as the recovery metric. It also contributes to social sciences by introducing 2-1-1 disaster helpline data as an inexpensive and timely replacement for multiple rounds of survey questionnaires for quantifying community well-being.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>Broader Impacts</b>: the proposed model and the obtained results can serve as an Ex-Ante Capacity building tool for decision-makers to predict the status of communities in the face of future natural hazards and propose capacity building strategies to have higher post-disaster support, and thereby, community well-being.<br></p><p dir="ltr"><br></p>