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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo dos fatores neuroquímicos associados ao efeito tipo-antidepressivo do Flavonoide crisina em camundongos

Borges, Carlos Filho 30 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-06-12T18:00:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CARLOS BORGES FILHO.pdf: 1634053 bytes, checksum: f644f69e5e2309834c31b95712982bd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-06-12T18:00:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CARLOS BORGES FILHO.pdf: 1634053 bytes, checksum: f644f69e5e2309834c31b95712982bd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T18:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CARLOS BORGES FILHO.pdf: 1634053 bytes, checksum: f644f69e5e2309834c31b95712982bd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-30 / A depressao e uma doenca altamente incapacitante e que tem acometido um percentual crescente da populacao mundial. Ainda que varios antidepressivos estejam comercialmente disponiveis ha decadas, os efeitos colaterais destas drogas, aliados ao fato de que nem todos os pacientes respondem satisfatoriamente ao tratamento, levam a uma busca continua por novas alternativas para o tratamento ou complementacao do tratamento da depressao. Assim, expande-se cada vez mais o numero de estudos que avaliam compostos candidatos a antidepressivos. Neste contexto e que o efeito tipo-antidepressivo da crisina, um flavonoide natural abundante no maracuja do mato (Passiflora coerulea), em camundongos submetidos ao estresse cronico imprevisivel (UCS) foi demonstrado anteriormente por nosso grupo. No entanto, os fatores neuroquimicos associados a este efeito carecem de maiores investigacoes. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores neuroquimicos associados ao efeito tipo-antidepressivo do flavonoide crisina em dois modelos animais de depressao, o modelo do UCS e o modelo da bulbectomia olfatoria (OB), ambos em camundongos. No modelo do UCS foram avaliados o cortex pre-frontal (PFC) e o hipocampo (HP), enquanto no modelo da OB foi avaliado o HP. O UCS e a OB induziram um comportamento tipo-depressivo, caracterizado pela diminuicao no tempo de lambida no teste de borrifagem de sacarose e pelo aumento no tempo de imobilidade no teste de suspensao de cauda ou no teste de nado forcado. Ainda, a OB ocasionou alteracoes no teste de campo aberto, decorrentes da hiperatividade caracteristicamente induzida por este modelo. O tratamento oral com crisina (5 ou 20 mg/kg, durante 28 dias no modelo do UCS, e por 14 dias no modelo da OB), de forma semelhante a fluoxetina (10 mg/kg, controle positivo), culminou na prevencao destas alteracoes, confirmando a acao tipo-antidepressiva da crisina nos parametros comportamentais avaliados. O UCS ocasionou o aumento nos niveis plasmaticos do hormonio liberador de corticotrofina, do hormonio adrenocorticotrofico, e a atividade das caspases 3 e 9 nas estruturas cerebrais avaliadas, enquanto a OB ocasionou a reducao dos niveis hipocampais do fator neurotrofico derivado do encefalo. O UCS e a OB resultaram no aumento dos niveis de citocinas proinflamatorias nas estruturas cerebrais avaliadas, como fator de necrose tumoral-α, interferon- γ, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6, alem do aumento dos niveis de quinurenina. O UCS e a OB tambem induziram a diminuicao dos niveis de 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT) e o aumento da 11 atividade da enzima indoleamina-2,3-dioxigenase. O tratamento com crisina, de forma semelhante a fluoxetina, promoveu a atenuacao de todas estas alteracoes ocasionadas pelo UCS ou pela OB. Em suma, os resultados deste estudo vem a corroborar com a hipotese de que o flavonoide crisina e um alvo potencial no estudo de novas alternativas para o tratamento ou para a complementacao do tratamento da depressao. Adicionalmente, este trabalho indica a associacao das citocinas pro-inflamatorias, da via da quinurenina, do metabolismo da 5-HT, das neurotrofinas e da atividade das caspases na acao tipo-antidepressiva exercida pela crisina em camundongos expostos ao UCS ou a OB. Finalmente, o presente trabalho expoe o maracuja do mato como um importante alvo para o estudo dos produtos naturais no combate a depressao, mostrando a fundamentalidade da investigacao da funcionalidade e constituicao bioativa desta e outras plantas do bioma pampa. / Depression is a highly incapacitating disease that has affected a crescent percentage of the world population. Although various antidepressants have been commercially available for decades, the side effects of these drugs, together with the fact that not all patients respond satisfactorily to treatment, lead to continuous search for new alternatives for the treatment or supplementary treatment of depression. Thus, the number of studies evaluating compounds candidate to antidepressants expands increasingly. In this context, the antidepressant-like effect of chrysin, a natural flavonoid abundant in passion fruit bush (Passiflora coerulea), in mice subjected to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) has been previously demonstrated by our group. However, neurochemical factors associated with this effect require further investigations. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the neurochemical factors associated with the antidepressant-like effect of chrysin in two animal models of depression, the model of UCS and the model of olfactory bulbectomy (OB), both in mice. In the UCS model the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HP) were evaluated, in the OB model the HP was evaluated. The UCS and OB induced a depressive-like behavior, characterized by the decrease in the total time of grooming in the splash test and by increase on immobility time in the tail suspension test or forced swimming test. Still, OB induced changes in open field test, resulting from the hyperactivity characteristically induced by this model. The oral treatment with chrysin (5 or 20 mg/kg for 28 days in the UCS model and for 14 days in OB model), similarly to fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, positive control) resulted in the prevention of these changes, confirming the antidepressant-like action of chrysin in the behavioral parameters evaluated. The UCS led to an increase in plasma levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and activity of caspases 3 and 9 in the brain structures evaluated, while the OB caused a reduction of hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The UCS and OB resulted in increase of proinflammatory cytokines levels in the brain structures evaluated, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon- γ, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and increase kynurenine levels. UCS and OB also induced the decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels and the increase of the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase enzyme. Treatment with chrysin, similarly to fluoxetine, 13 promoted the attenuation of all these changes caused by UCS or OB. In summary, results of this study come to corroborate the hyphotesis that the flavonoid chrysin is a potential target in the study of new alternatives for the treatment or complement treatment of depression. Additionally, this study indicates the association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, of kynurenine pathway, of 5-HT metabolism, of neurotrophins and of caspases activities in the antidepressant-like action exerted by chrysin in mice exposed to UCS or OB. Finally, this paper exposes the passion bush as an important target for the study of natural products to combat depression, showing the importance of research of functionality and bioactive constitution of this and other plants of the pampa biome.

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