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The migration of the Basques to the Pacific Northwest at the turn of the century was due to a number of factors including economic, cultural and political. The Basques constitute a distinct ethnic group from northern Spain and southern France, whose origins have not yet been determined by historical, linguistic, or archaeological studies. From ancient times, the Basques have fought to maintain their cultural identity and political freedom against invaders, developing in this struggle a strong sense of racial group solidarity. The lack of opportunity for advancement and the obligation to serve in the military were added reasons for the journey to America, as an alternative to political and cultural oppression.

Burn injuries are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Intentional burn injuries are not well understood, and warrant study to improve adjustment and outcomes. The present study examined group differences between intentional and unintentional burn injuries, comparing individuals with self-inflicted (SIB; n=109) and other-inflicted (OIB; n=109) burns to an unintentional burn (UB) group. Compared to UB, those with intentional (SIB, OIB) burn injuries were more likely to be young, female, unmarried, unemployed, abuse substances, and have positive alcohol/drug screens at hospital admission. Individuals with intentional burns report more psychological distress, lower quality of life in some areas, and lower life satisfaction. When SIB and OIB were examined individually, OIB were more likely to be African American compared to SIB and UB. OIB also had more anxiety and paranoia than UB. SIB was more likely than OIB and UB to have had medical problems or psychiatric disorders and treatment prior to the burn injury. Those with SIB were 3 times more likely than UB to die in the hospital even after controlling for age, severity of burn, and inhalation injuries. Moreover, the SIB group had high rates of suicidal ideation at discharge and follow-up. Treatment implications for burn treatment providers were discussed.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg for the Degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg 1992 / 1. Beder, J.B. Thornley, A.L. and Veale.R, Human keratinocyte culture techniques using foetal, neonatal and adult keratinocytes with particular reference to extensive bum wounds. This paper was presented at the South African Burn Society Biannual Congress held at Berg en Dal, Kruger National Park, from 31 August to 1 September 1989. 2. Beder, J.B., Thornley, A.L. and Veale, R. Human keratinocyte culture techniques in extensive burn wounds. The Journal of Trauma and Emergency Medicine. 1990 Jan/Feb; 7 (1); 29-32. 3. Beder J.B. Cultured allografts. A letter appearing in the Continuing Medical Education Journal (CEM). 1990 Jan; 8(1): 48. 4. Beder, J.B. Problems and attempted solutions associated with the application of cultured epidermal grafts to full thickness burns in extensively burnt patients. This paper was presented in the form of a poster at the Association of Surgeons of South Africa Biannual Congress held in Bloemfontein from May 1-4 1990. 5. Beder, J.B., Thornley, A.L., Veale R., Kadwa, A.M., Scott, E. Healing chronic leg ulcers cultured keratinocyte allografts. This paper was presented at the annual Congress of The Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa held in Bloemfontein from 29 April to 1 May 1990. This paper was the runner-up for the best paper presented at the above congress. 6. The abstract of the paper mentioned in 5. above was published in the South African Journal of Surgery 1990 Sep; 28 (3): 123. 7. Beder, J.B., Healing full thickness burns with various types of cultured epidermal grafts - a comparative study. This paper was presented at the Z4th annual meeting of the British Burn Association held at the post-graduate centre, Stock Mandeville, Aylesbury, Bucks. England, United Kingdom, on the 10th May 1991. 8. Beder, J.B, J.B. A comparative study of various keratinocyte cell lines used in the synthesis of confluent stratified keratinocyte sheets. This paper was presented at the skin culture meeting, a satellite meeting of the 24th annual meeting of the British Burn Association, held at the post-graduate centre, Stoke-Mandeville, Aylesbury, Bucks, England, United Kingdom, on the 8th May 1991. 9. Beder, J.B. Healing chronic leg ulcers using cultured keratinocyte allografts. This paper was presented at the skin culture meeting of the British Burn Association held at the post-graduate centre, Stoke- Mandeville, Aylesbury, Bucks, England, United Kingdom on the 8th May 1991. 10. Beder, J.B., Thornley, A.L. and Veale, R. Healing chronic ulcers and other skin defects, using cultured keratinocyte allografts - including an assessment of their survival. Submitted for publication to the British Medical Journal. 11. Beder, J.B. The preparation and grafting of cultured epidermal sheets. Submitted for publication to the South African Journal of Surgery. 13. Beder, J.B., Thoenley, A.L. and Veale. R. Healing full thickness burns with cultured epidermal grafts - a comparative study. Submitted for publication to Transplantation.

A reabilitação pós-queimadura caracteriza-se pela busca da recuperação das funções e da aparência e pela retomada das atividades diárias. O sujeito atribui significados diversos à experiência, refletindo aspectos da dimensão complexa que integra sua vida: afetiva, social, econômica, natural e sobrenatural. Os objetivos deste estudo foram compreender o significado da reabilitação na perspectiva dos sujeitos, vítimas de queimaduras, e de seus familiares; identificar as prioridades estabelecidas para suas vidas e delimitar os principais elementos acionados para o enfrentamento da reabilitação. O referencial teórico baseou-se na Antropologia Interpretativa pela busca da compreensão da experiência vivida do ponto de vista dos participantes, pela articulação entre cultura, saúde e doença e pelos modelos explicativos (disease, illness, sickness) utilizados no adoecimento-reabilitação. A etnografia foi o método utilizado por proporcionar o estudo das pessoas no ambiente natural; permitir ao pesquisador observações do fenômeno no contexto onde ele ocorre e descrever densamente o universo de crenças e práticas de saúde, significados sociais e atividades cotidianas do sujeito, favorecendo a compreensão do comportamento de saúde e doença e do modo de vida desse sujeito. Participaram deste estudo 16 sujeitos, sendo 11 vítimas de queimaduras, adultos, com idades entre 25 e 67 anos, moradores de Ribeirão Preto/SP, que estiveram internados na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto e que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos e cinco familiares desses pacientes que demonstraram interesse em participar. As visitas domiciliares aconteceram de um ano e seis meses até três anos, após o trauma. Todos os participantes apresentaram sequelas visíveis estéticas e funcionais, em consequência da queimadura, e se encontravam em acompanhamento pela equipe. As técnicas usadas para coleta dos dados foram: observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados coletados foram analisados separadamente, comparados entre si, visando a identificar as semelhanças e divergências. Os temas identificados foram: O impacto da queimadura: ruptura no processo de vida; Alteração no senso de identidade: \"convivendo\" com a queimadura e A Família: compartilhando e participando da experiência da reabilitação pós-queimadura. O primeiro tema inclui: conscientização das sequelas físicas e psicológicas; repercussão da alteração na aparência e no humor; percepção negativa da autoimagem e autoestima; revelação da perda da identidade e percepção do estigma sofrido na reabilitação. O segundo inclui a experiência da alteração ou intensificação dos vínculos e conflitos preexistentes; alteração na sexualidade, nas rotinas de lazer, na capacidade para o trabalho e no sentido de autoeficácia. O terceiro inclui a percepção dos familiares das sequelas nos aspectos alterados: físicos, psicológicos, sociais e na capacidade para o trabalho; o apoio ao cotidiano e os recursos (financeiros, emocionais e instrumentais) considerados importantes para a reabilitação. O trabalho em conjunto da equipe de saúde, família e rede social deve focalizar as necessidades que os sujeitos identificam para tornar possível a reabilitação. A interação família-sujeitoequipe possibilitará compreender condutas, crenças e valores relacionados ao adoecimento e cuidado à queimadura e ampliará a comunicação entre equipe e sujeitos, com repercussões positivas na qualidade da assistência, pois os objetivos serão construídos nessa coparticipação. / Post burn rehabilitation is characterized by a process of recovering functions and appearance and also an attempt to resume daily activities. Individuals attribute various meanings to the experience, which reflect aspects of the complex dimension that integrates their affective, social, economic, natural and supernatural lives. This study sought to understand the meaning of rehabilitation from the perspective of burn victims and their family members; identify the priorities established for their lives and delimit the main elements used in coping. The theoretical framework was based on Interpretative Anthropology aiming to understand the experience from the participants\' perspectives, through the interconnections among culture, health and disease, and through explanatory models (disease, illness, sickness) used in the illness-rehabilitation process. Ethnography was the method used to study individuals in their natural environment and enabled the researcher to observe the phenomenon in the context in which it occurs and densely describe the individuals\' universe of health beliefs and practices, social meanings and daily activities in order to understand their behavior in health and disease and life style. A total of 16 individuals participated in the study: 11 adult burn victims between 25 and 67 years of age, residents of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil who were hospitalized in the Burn Unit at the Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School and met the inclusion criteria, in addition to five family members who showed interest in participating. Home visits were made from one year and six months up to three years after the trauma. All the participants presented visible aesthetic and functional sequelae caused by their burns and were undergoing follow-up. The data collection techniques were: direct observation and semi-structured interviews. Data collected were separately analyzed and compared with each other aiming to identify similarities and divergences. The themes identified were: The impact of the burn: rupture in life processes; Altered sense of identity: living with the burn; and Family: sharing and participating in the experience of post-burn rehabilitation. The first theme includes: becoming aware of the physical and psychological sequelae; implications of altered appearance and mood; negative self-image and perception of self-esteem; revealing loss of identity and perception of stigma experienced during rehabilitation. The second includes the experience of changing or intensifying preexistent bonds or conflicts; altered sexuality, leisure, work capacity, and self-efficacy. The third theme includes the perceptions of family members concerning the altered aspects: physical, psychological, and social aspects and work capacity; support provided within the individual\'s routine and financial, emotional and instrumental resources, considered important for the rehabilitation process. The work jointly with the health team, family and social network should focus on the needs the individuals identify themselves in order to enable rehabilitation. The interaction among family, individual and team enables the understanding of practices, beliefs and values related to the disease and care provided for their burns and broadens communication between the team and individuals with positive repercussions for the quality of care delivery because the objectives are determined in this co-participation.

A reabilitação pós-queimadura caracteriza-se pela busca da recuperação das funções e da aparência e pela retomada das atividades diárias. O sujeito atribui significados diversos à experiência, refletindo aspectos da dimensão complexa que integra sua vida: afetiva, social, econômica, natural e sobrenatural. Os objetivos deste estudo foram compreender o significado da reabilitação na perspectiva dos sujeitos, vítimas de queimaduras, e de seus familiares; identificar as prioridades estabelecidas para suas vidas e delimitar os principais elementos acionados para o enfrentamento da reabilitação. O referencial teórico baseou-se na Antropologia Interpretativa pela busca da compreensão da experiência vivida do ponto de vista dos participantes, pela articulação entre cultura, saúde e doença e pelos modelos explicativos (disease, illness, sickness) utilizados no adoecimento-reabilitação. A etnografia foi o método utilizado por proporcionar o estudo das pessoas no ambiente natural; permitir ao pesquisador observações do fenômeno no contexto onde ele ocorre e descrever densamente o universo de crenças e práticas de saúde, significados sociais e atividades cotidianas do sujeito, favorecendo a compreensão do comportamento de saúde e doença e do modo de vida desse sujeito. Participaram deste estudo 16 sujeitos, sendo 11 vítimas de queimaduras, adultos, com idades entre 25 e 67 anos, moradores de Ribeirão Preto/SP, que estiveram internados na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto e que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos e cinco familiares desses pacientes que demonstraram interesse em participar. As visitas domiciliares aconteceram de um ano e seis meses até três anos, após o trauma. Todos os participantes apresentaram sequelas visíveis estéticas e funcionais, em consequência da queimadura, e se encontravam em acompanhamento pela equipe. As técnicas usadas para coleta dos dados foram: observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados coletados foram analisados separadamente, comparados entre si, visando a identificar as semelhanças e divergências. Os temas identificados foram: O impacto da queimadura: ruptura no processo de vida; Alteração no senso de identidade: \"convivendo\" com a queimadura e A Família: compartilhando e participando da experiência da reabilitação pós-queimadura. O primeiro tema inclui: conscientização das sequelas físicas e psicológicas; repercussão da alteração na aparência e no humor; percepção negativa da autoimagem e autoestima; revelação da perda da identidade e percepção do estigma sofrido na reabilitação. O segundo inclui a experiência da alteração ou intensificação dos vínculos e conflitos preexistentes; alteração na sexualidade, nas rotinas de lazer, na capacidade para o trabalho e no sentido de autoeficácia. O terceiro inclui a percepção dos familiares das sequelas nos aspectos alterados: físicos, psicológicos, sociais e na capacidade para o trabalho; o apoio ao cotidiano e os recursos (financeiros, emocionais e instrumentais) considerados importantes para a reabilitação. O trabalho em conjunto da equipe de saúde, família e rede social deve focalizar as necessidades que os sujeitos identificam para tornar possível a reabilitação. A interação família-sujeitoequipe possibilitará compreender condutas, crenças e valores relacionados ao adoecimento e cuidado à queimadura e ampliará a comunicação entre equipe e sujeitos, com repercussões positivas na qualidade da assistência, pois os objetivos serão construídos nessa coparticipação. / Post burn rehabilitation is characterized by a process of recovering functions and appearance and also an attempt to resume daily activities. Individuals attribute various meanings to the experience, which reflect aspects of the complex dimension that integrates their affective, social, economic, natural and supernatural lives. This study sought to understand the meaning of rehabilitation from the perspective of burn victims and their family members; identify the priorities established for their lives and delimit the main elements used in coping. The theoretical framework was based on Interpretative Anthropology aiming to understand the experience from the participants\' perspectives, through the interconnections among culture, health and disease, and through explanatory models (disease, illness, sickness) used in the illness-rehabilitation process. Ethnography was the method used to study individuals in their natural environment and enabled the researcher to observe the phenomenon in the context in which it occurs and densely describe the individuals\' universe of health beliefs and practices, social meanings and daily activities in order to understand their behavior in health and disease and life style. A total of 16 individuals participated in the study: 11 adult burn victims between 25 and 67 years of age, residents of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil who were hospitalized in the Burn Unit at the Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School and met the inclusion criteria, in addition to five family members who showed interest in participating. Home visits were made from one year and six months up to three years after the trauma. All the participants presented visible aesthetic and functional sequelae caused by their burns and were undergoing follow-up. The data collection techniques were: direct observation and semi-structured interviews. Data collected were separately analyzed and compared with each other aiming to identify similarities and divergences. The themes identified were: The impact of the burn: rupture in life processes; Altered sense of identity: living with the burn; and Family: sharing and participating in the experience of post-burn rehabilitation. The first theme includes: becoming aware of the physical and psychological sequelae; implications of altered appearance and mood; negative self-image and perception of self-esteem; revealing loss of identity and perception of stigma experienced during rehabilitation. The second includes the experience of changing or intensifying preexistent bonds or conflicts; altered sexuality, leisure, work capacity, and self-efficacy. The third theme includes the perceptions of family members concerning the altered aspects: physical, psychological, and social aspects and work capacity; support provided within the individual\'s routine and financial, emotional and instrumental resources, considered important for the rehabilitation process. The work jointly with the health team, family and social network should focus on the needs the individuals identify themselves in order to enable rehabilitation. The interaction among family, individual and team enables the understanding of practices, beliefs and values related to the disease and care provided for their burns and broadens communication between the team and individuals with positive repercussions for the quality of care delivery because the objectives are determined in this co-participation.

Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were collected from patients hospitalized at the Oregon Burn Center, Emanuel Hospital, Portland, Oregon, between October 27, 1980 and January 1, 1981. Forty-five isolates of Staphylococcus and twenty-one isolates of Streptococcus, Lancefield Group D, were included in the investigation. The objectives of the investigation were: (i) to identify to the species level all isolates, (ii) to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, (iii) to test the organisms. over time for increasing resistance to silver, (iv) to determine, if present, a bacterium harbored within the burn.unit (nosocomial bacterium), and (v) to determine any recognizable pattern of successive bacterial colonization which occurred in hospitalized patients.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 42 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-26).

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: tissue engineering; trachea; chondrocyte; epithelium; aerosol. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65).