What kinds of business environmental problems do Taiwan small and medium-sized enterprises that invested in Mainland China have faced? On the other hand, what kinds of factors influence the enterprises management in China¡¦s business environment? How do Taiwan small and medium-sized enterprises cope with business environmental problems in mainland China? In the past, many studies were mainly to investigate problems of the business environment in mainland China by the way of questionnaire which can only realize where the problem have existed, however, it is hard to understand the environmental states which impact on Taiwan enterprises clearly. Because of special culture and social background in China, a lot of problems interlock and coincide with each other, which can not solve the problem in a systematic way. Furthermore, the way of Taiwan small and medium-sized enterprises cope with the business environment in mainland China is related to the role of the owners and how long the owners stay in mainland China. In order to understand how the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises cope with the business environment in mainland China. This study has adapted case study method, a way of qualitative research to collect and analyze data. The propositions are as follows¡G Proposition 1: The basic influence of the business environment in mainland China on Taiwan small and medium-sized enterprises is unable to estimate a cost; therefore, it is difficult for the Taiwan enterprise to finance in mainland China, and cause the enterprise unable to plan its future development. Proposition 2: The owners of Taiwan enterprises are often limited to the experience of life and the way of management in the past, this phenomenon causes the misunderstanding of business environment in mainland China. Proposition 3: In mainland China, a lot of problems interlock and coincide with each other, Taiwan small and medium-sized enterprises can not solve the problem in a systematic way. Proposition 4: The role of the owners of Taiwan small and medium-sized enterprises is the person who solves problems; so it needs to depend on those owners to solve any problems of the business environment in mainland China. Proposition 5: The owners of enterprises must spend whole time and energy on the business, in order to cope with business environmental problems in mainland China. Proposition 6: If the owners of Taiwan small and medium-sized enterprises want to overcome environmental impact in mainland China, they need to keep establishing trusting Guanxi with stakeholders.

Securities investment trust industry was in fact an oligarchy in Taiwan. Under the restriction of governmental regulation, there were only China(¤¤µØ), International(°ê»Ú), Abn-Amro (¥úµØ), and National(«Ø¥°) securities company in existence before 1992. As the development of global financial liberalization going and the effort of government trying to join WTO, domestic financial policy is growing wide open. The threshold for the establishment of securities investment trust corporation company has been constantly adjusted since 1995; moreover, the qualification for being a shareholder of securities investment trust corporation company is loosen. The possibility of establishing securities investment trust corporation company with 100% foreign funds or domestic funds has attracted national and international corporations to establish investment trust corporation company in Taiwan. There were a total of thirty-eight (38) investment trust corporation companies in Taiwan by the end of 1999. A fund management company must be a financial institute that is stable and capable of providing investors with long-term profits. However, the newly born domestic securities investment trust corporation company has indeed grown rapidly but learned from the hard way too. The turnover rate of management is beyond imagination. According to the statistics of Investment/Trust and Investment Consulting Association, managing director of securities investment trust corporation company lasts for only 16 months in general up to 1999. In fact, there are only six (6) managing directors with a seniority of two (2) years that responsible for fund management amounts to NT$774.2 billion. The rapid growth of securities investment trust corporation company has reinforced the need of securities investment and trust company for professional managers; therefore, competition is brutal, turnover rate of employment is high, and operational risk is severe. The securities investment trust corporation industry relies its operation heavily on ¡§talents.¡¨ No matter it is for the promotion of fund business or the management of fund assets, it is done by ¡§people.¡¨ Therefore, the number of people and the quality of talents do affect operation and business performance; therefore, the importance of human resources management strategy goes without saying. Securities investment trust corporation industry in Taiwan will be discussed in this study with a focus on the impact of business environment, business characteristic, business strategy, and human resources management strategy on operation performance. Interviews will be conducted in accordance with the content of questionnaire; also, research hypothesis will be verified through statistical analysis. It is concluded from research result that there is a significant relation existed between business environment and business strategy; also, business capabilities and business strategy; and business culture and leadership. There is a significant positive relation between the application of ¡§human resources management strategy¡¨ and ¡§investment differential strategy,¡¨ ¡§number of workers,¡¨ ¡§information control,¡¨ and ¡§number of beneficiaries.¡¨ On the contrary, there is a significant negative relation between ¡§the establishment of branch office¡¨ and ¡§human resources management strategy.¡¨ If all variables do comply with human resources management strategy, operation performance could be upgraded. Moreover, once securities investment trust corporation company adopts ¡§investment differentiation strategy,¡¨ the application of ¡§human resources management strategy¡¨ will be with an orientation of ¡§accumulative¡¨ strategy. Once investment and trust company starts establishing branch office, in other words, once organizational operation is in a larger scale, the adoption of ¡§human resources management strategy¡¨ will be with an orientation of ¡§accumulative¡¨ strategy. It is also concluded from the study that a securities company with business capabilities outperforms the one without. Recommendation is made to securities investment trust corporation company in accordance with research result regarding the importance of human resources department or unit. At the time of drafting up human resources management strategy, it is important to give it a thorough and complete consideration and match it up to organizational business strategy in order to regulate appropriate human resources management strategy and to improve organizational performance. Moreover, the management should strive to develop the core competitiveness of company and to control its competitive advantages. We would like to suggest the successors to exercise multiple criteria for performance evaluation; also, to expand the scope of research in order to improve research value.

Abstract Title of dissertation¡GThe research of relationship between recognition of changing in external environment, career anchor and willing to resign from job. An example of credit department of farmers¡¦ association in Taipei county. Outline of dissertation¡G The role of credit department of farmers¡¦ association was quite important in the early age of agricultural development in Taiwan. However, the survival opportunity of those organizations has been affected by revolution of ages, changing in society and external environment in Taiwan. This research will focus on the point of view of employees who work for credit department of farmers¡¦ association. Their viewpoints are influenced by the establishment of sixteen private banks which resulted in strong competition in banking industry in 1991 to depositors who wanted to withdraw their money eagerly from fundamental financial institutions because those organizations were in the edge of bankruptcy until Taiwan joins World Trade Organization ¡]WTO¡^. It conducts 203 questioners from employees who work for 10-credit department of a farmers¡¦ associations, which locate on Taipei County. The results of this research result from the statistical analysis of four variables. They are the cognition of changing in external environment; career anchor, willing to resign and the outbound after resign. According to the results of statistic, there are eight features: 1¡B Different employees have obvious differences in recognition of changing environment, career anchor, resigned willing and outbound after resign. 2¡B There is positive relation between the level of business environment crisis recognition and resigned willing. 3¡B There is negative relation between cognition of future development of organization and resigned willing. 4¡B The level of business environment crisis recognition has a little bit of positive relation with outbound after resign. 5¡B Career anchor has obvious affect to resign willing and outbound after resign. 6¡B The interaction between level of business environment crisis recognition and anchor of security of job and service/challenge has a little bit of influence to resigned willing. 7¡B The interaction between level of recognition for development of organization in the future and gender has a little bit of influence to resigned willing. 8¡B Different dimensions in cognition of environmental variation have obvious difference with career anchor. According to the results of research, there are six suggestions to credit department of farmers¡¦ association as follows¡G1.reposition the strategies of organization. 2. Re-examine core products and core competence. 3. Breed the human resource that has knowledge management ability. 4. Breed the people who have ability to select strategy. 5. Carry out the demand in training. 6. Respect the career development and career anchor of employees. Keywords: business environment, career anchor, resign, outbound after resign, farmers¡¦ association

Bakgrund: Svenskt Näringsliv utför årligen undersökningen ”Lokalt näringsliv”, därföretagare får utvärdera sina respektive kommuner gällande det lokala företagsklimatet. I den senaste undersökningen framkommer det att transportbolagen är den generellt sätt minsta nöjda branshen i Växjö kommun. Ett gott företagsklimat är nyckeln till att skapa framgångsrika företag. Ett gott företagsklimat är ett ömsesidigt mål som både företagare och kommun strävar efter. Företagare kommer få en ökad sysselsättning vilket kommer leda till högre skatteintäkter för kommunen. Transportföretagens roll i värdekedjan har den senaste tiden fått allt större betydelse då det visat sig kunna generera konkurrensfördelar. Transportföretagen förväntas få en än större roll i framtiden med tanke på den pågående utvecklingen med e-handel. Att hitta orsakerna bakom transportföretagens eventuella missnöje gällande företagsklimatet är därför av högsta vikt för Växjö kommun i syfte att vara ett fortsatt intressant logistikläge. Syfte: Syftet med arbetet är att beskriva och förklara det upplevda nuläget gällande företagsklimatet i Växjö kommun samt gapet mellan transportföretagens förväntningar och upplevelse som orsakar ett eventuellt missnöje. Syftet är också att komma med förslag på områden som kan förbättras för att skapa ett gynnsamt företagsklimat för transportföretagen i Växjö kommun Metod: I arbetet har en intervjustudie av transportföretag i Växjö kommun genomförts. Empirisk data har insamlats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med dels transportföretag i Växjö kommun men också med en anställd från Växjö kommuns trafikavdelning. Teoretisk data har samlats in genom litteraturstudie samt offentliga publikationer. Slutsats: I dagsläget är det ingen av respondenterna som är helnöjd med de variabler som enligt Svenskt Näringsliv påverkar ett företagsklimat, dock är det ingen som inte är nöjd med någon variabel heller. Utifrån de fyra variablerna ses företagares utrymme inom den offentliga verksamheten samt politiker och tjänstemäns attityder till företagande som de mest problematiska. Orsakerna bakom missnöjet framkom dels genom Svenskt Näringsliv variabler, dels genom fem variabler från SERVQUAL. De sex variabler som respondenterna var minst nöjda med bildade orsakerna bakom missnöjet. De sex variablerna var politiker och tjänstemäns attityder till företagande, förståelse av kund, tillgänglighet, kompetens, effektivitet, samt citylogistik. Citylogistiken samt klusterbyggande valdes som områden för förbättring. Citylogistiken då detta nämndes av samtliga respondenter som levererade gods till innerstaden. Klusterbyggande då detta ses som nyckeln till ett gott företagsklimat. Ett närmare samarbete företag emellan samt mellan Växjö kommun kommer skapa en bättre förståelse för varandra och hur parternas olika verksamheter fungerar. / Background: Svenskt Näringsliv conducts an annual survey called "Lokalt näringsliv", where business owners evaluate their own Municipalities regarding the local business environment. In the latest survey, it appears that transport companies are generally the least satisfied sector in the Municipality of Växjö. A good business environment is the key to creating a successful business. A good business environment is a mutual goal that both entrepreneurs and Municipalities endeavor. Business owners will get a higher employment which will lead to higher tax revenues for the Municipality. Transport companies role in the value chain have recently become increasingly important as it has proved to be able to create competitive advantages. Transport companies are expected to have an even greater role in the future given the ongoing development of e-commerce. To find the reasons behind the transport company’s dissatisfaction regarding the business environment is therefore essential in order to remain an interesting logistics location. Purpose: The purpose is to describe and explain the perceived current situation regarding the business environment in the Municipality of Växjö and the gap between the transport companies expectations and experience that causes the potential dissatisfaction. The purpose is also to make suggestions on actions to improve the transport company’s business environment. Method: This paper consists of an interview study on transport companies in the Municipality of Växjö. Empirical data were collected through semi-structed interviews with both transport companies in the Municipality of Växjö but also with an employee from Växjö Municipality traffic department. Theoretical data were collected through literature review and official publications. Conclusion: In the current situation, none of the respondents are totally satisfied with the variables that affects business environment according to Svenskt Näringsliv, however no one is satisfied with any variable either. Based on the four variables, entrepreneur’s scope in the public sector as well as politicians attitudes towards entrepreneurship is seen as the most problematic. The causes of the dissatisfaction were found partly by the variables from Svenskt Näringsliv and partly by five variables from SERVQUAL. The six variables that respondents were least satisfied with resulted in the reasons behind the dissatisfaction. The six variables were politicians and official’s attitudes towards entrepreneurship, understanding of the customer, availability, competence, efficiency, and urban logistics. Urban logistics as well as network building were chosen as areas for improvement. Urban logistics as this was mentioned by all respondents who deliver goods to the urban city. Network building as this is seen as the key to a goods business environment. Closer cooperation between companies and between the Municipality of Växjö and companies will create a better understanding of each other and how the partners various businesses operate.

Using the data from World Business Environment Survey (WBES) on over 10,000 firms across eighty one countries, this paper finds preliminary evidence that foreign firms enjoy significant regulatory advantages - as perceived by the firms themselves - over domestic firms. The findings on regulatory advantages of foreign firms hold with a variety of alternative measures of regulations and with or without firm- and country-level attributes and industry and country controls. There is also evidence that foreign firms' regulatory advantages are especially substantial vis-a-vis the politically weak domestic firms. Furthermore, the regulatory advantages of foreign firms appear stronger in corrupt countries than in non-corrupt countries.

In my thesis I was concentrated on analysis and comparison of two business enviromets in the Slovak and Czech republic. The goal was to point out the differences of these two business enviroments and on the other side to find out what is similar for both countries. Comparison of both enviroments is based on PEST analysis, in which I was concentrated on key economic trends such as GDP, rate of inflation a unemployment. Moreover I compared tax systems and programs to support small and medium-sized companies of both countries. Finally I described results of research which was undertaken on particular companies.

The following thesis analyses the business environment in Portugal and the specifics of current Czech Portuguese trade relations. The political and legal, economic, social and cultural as well as technological environments are all analysed. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to Czech Portuguese trade relations, their current state as well as perspectives for future development and possibilities for Czech entrepreneurs on the Portuguese market.

This Master thesis deals with the Comparison of environment for foundation of startups in the Czech Republic and Spain. The scope is to discover which of these two countries has more suitable business environment for the establishment of a startup. The first chapter defines startup and illustrates its importance and development. Second part is dedicated to foundation of a startup regarding legal differences and funding aspects. The last section confronts business environment and support for the foundation of a startup in both countries.

The aim of my thesis was to analyze the business environment in the Czech Republic and to evaluate the possibilities for Swiss entrepreneurs on this market. My second aim was to provide the necessary information to the companies from Switzerland who currently consider possible enter on the Czech market. The business environment in the Czech Republic was analyzed on the basis quantitative analysis of particular factors, which determine the business environment in the Czech Republic. Furthermore I made the qualitative analysis of the Swiss point of view by conducting three individual interviews with the Swiss ambassador in the Czech Republic, with the CEO of the Chamber of Commerce Switzerland -- Czech Republic and the marketing director of a Swiss company operating in the Czech Republic.

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