Abstract Title of dissertation¡GThe research of relationship between recognition of changing in external environment, career anchor and willing to resign from job. An example of credit department of farmers¡¦ association in Taipei county. Outline of dissertation¡G The role of credit department of farmers¡¦ association was quite important in the early age of agricultural development in Taiwan. However, the survival opportunity of those organizations has been affected by revolution of ages, changing in society and external environment in Taiwan. This research will focus on the point of view of employees who work for credit department of farmers¡¦ association. Their viewpoints are influenced by the establishment of sixteen private banks which resulted in strong competition in banking industry in 1991 to depositors who wanted to withdraw their money eagerly from fundamental financial institutions because those organizations were in the edge of bankruptcy until Taiwan joins World Trade Organization ¡]WTO¡^. It conducts 203 questioners from employees who work for 10-credit department of a farmers¡¦ associations, which locate on Taipei County. The results of this research result from the statistical analysis of four variables. They are the cognition of changing in external environment; career anchor, willing to resign and the outbound after resign. According to the results of statistic, there are eight features: 1¡B Different employees have obvious differences in recognition of changing environment, career anchor, resigned willing and outbound after resign. 2¡B There is positive relation between the level of business environment crisis recognition and resigned willing. 3¡B There is negative relation between cognition of future development of organization and resigned willing. 4¡B The level of business environment crisis recognition has a little bit of positive relation with outbound after resign. 5¡B Career anchor has obvious affect to resign willing and outbound after resign. 6¡B The interaction between level of business environment crisis recognition and anchor of security of job and service/challenge has a little bit of influence to resigned willing. 7¡B The interaction between level of recognition for development of organization in the future and gender has a little bit of influence to resigned willing. 8¡B Different dimensions in cognition of environmental variation have obvious difference with career anchor. According to the results of research, there are six suggestions to credit department of farmers¡¦ association as follows¡G1.reposition the strategies of organization. 2. Re-examine core products and core competence. 3. Breed the human resource that has knowledge management ability. 4. Breed the people who have ability to select strategy. 5. Carry out the demand in training. 6. Respect the career development and career anchor of employees. Keywords: business environment, career anchor, resign, outbound after resign, farmers¡¦ association

nÃo hà / A Chapada do Apodi/RN vivencia a chamada âchegada do progressoâ atravÃs do PerÃmetro Irrigado Santa Cruz do Apodi, gerador de conflito socioambiental. A pesquisa teve como objetivo: descrever, na perspectiva dos atingidos, o conflito socioambiental decorrente da implantaÃÃo de perÃmetro irrigado na Chapada do Apodi/RN. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com aproximaÃÃes com a SaÃde e as CiÃncias Sociais; aconteceu em Apodi/RN, com grupo de 11 agricultores familiares chapadenses (3 mulheres e 8 homens, mÃdia de idade de 36,5 anos e com escolaridade do ensino fundamental incompleto atà o superior completo) e mais 2 membros do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras Rurais de Apodi. Aconteceram 3 entrevistas semiestruturadas e 3 encontros com roteiros norteadores, a partir da ecologia de saberes. As falas foram analisadas a partir das seguintes categorias: as influÃncias na construÃÃo das concepÃÃes dos sujeitos sobre o conflito na Chapada potiguar; o passado sem o DNOCS; o presente com o DNOCS; o futuro que o DNOCS quer para o territÃrio chapadense; o futuro que os agricultores querem para eles. Na construÃÃo da concepÃÃo sobre o conflito na Chapada potiguar, sobressaÃram o SeminÃrio Impactos do AgronegÃcio/AgrotÃxico na SaÃde do Trabalhador e no Ambiente e os intercÃmbios no territÃrio do Baixo-Jaguaribe/CE e Baixo-AÃu/RN. Quanto ao passado do territÃrio, as origens variam: algumas eram antigos latifÃndios vendidos para o Governo Federal ou outros ÃrgÃos (como a ForÃa Sindical, no caso de Palmares) para o programa de Reforma AgrÃria (assentamentos); hà tambÃm as comunidades originadas pela fixaÃÃo de famÃlias em determinadas regiÃes (como em Quixabeirinha). PorÃm, nos mapas dos documentos do Estado sobre a Chapada/RN, as comunidades e os assentamentos sÃo invisibilizados e marginalizados, a depender da necessidade de usufruto para o perÃmetro, o que gera difÃcil resistÃncia ao projeto atravÃs de mobilizaÃÃes e articulaÃÃes com outras entidades. Para o futuro da Chapada potiguar, o DNOCS preconiza a implantaÃÃo do perÃmetro em questÃo enquanto os agricultores familiares almejam continuar com seu modo de vida, recebendo incentivos estatais para seu fortalecimento. ConcluÃmos que os territÃrios e a agricultura familiar nÃo precisam e nÃo aceitam esse modelo de modernizaÃÃo agrÃcola preconizado na RevoluÃÃo Verde. O modelo requer um Estado que arque com a estrutura na Chapada, para que as empresas possam ocupar, instalar-se, produzir, lucrar e partir quando acharem que à inviÃvel continuar em Apodi. PorÃm implanta polÃticas pÃblicas que: nÃo beneficiam a populaÃÃo; restringem o acesso à Ãgua; geram pressÃes (emocionais/psicolÃgicas; a partir da falÃcia das benesses, polÃticas, sociais) nos chapadenses; inviabiliza a produÃÃo agrÃcola tradicional pela contaminaÃÃo ambiental com agrotÃxicos do agronegÃcio; geram empregos degradantes à saÃde; desapropriam os povos; investem mais de 200 milhÃes para fortalecer o agronegÃcio; provocam uma luta desigual reconhecida pelos agricultores familiares. Para se somar à resistÃncia ao perÃmetro, convidamos a Rede Brasileira de JustiÃa Ambiental (RBJA) e colocamos à disposiÃÃo dos atingidos o presente documento. Reconhecemos o valor do territÃrio e que a pesquisa contribuiu para divulgaÃÃo e fortalecimento da luta, quando se propÃe a ouvir as falas e valorizar as demandas dos agricultores familiares. / The Chapada do Apodi/RN experiences called "arrival of progress" through the Irrigation Santa Cruz Apodi, generator socioenvironmental conflict. The research aimed to describe, from the perspective of those affected, the conflict resulting from the implementation of environmental irrigated the Apodi Plateau/RN. This is a qualitative research approaches with Health and Social Sciences; happened Apodi/RN with a group of 11 family farmers from Chapada (3 women and 8 men, mean age 36.5 years and schooling elementary school until college) and 2 members of the Union of Rural Workers of Apodi. There were three semi-structured interviews and meetings with three guiding tours from the ecology of knowledge. The speeches were analyzed from the following categories: the influences on the construction of conceptions of the subject on the conflict in Plateau RN; without DNOCS the past and the present with DNOCS; DNOCS the future that wants to chapadense territory, the future that farmers want for them. In building design on the conflict in Plateau RN highlights the Impacts of Agribusiness Seminar/Pesticides in Occupational Health and Environment and exchanges within the Baixo-Jaguaribe/CE and Baixo-AÃu/RN. As the last of the territory, the origins vary: some old estates were sold to the Federal Government or other organs (such as the Union Force in the case of Palmares) for the program of Agrarian Reform (settlements), there are also communities, originated by fixing families in certain areas (as in Quixabeirinha). However, the maps of state documents on the Chapada/RN communities and settlements are invisible and marginalized depending on the need for enjoyment for perimeter which creates resistance difficult project through mobilizations and joints with other entities. For the future of Chapada/RN, DNOCS recommends deploying Perimeter concerned while farmers aim to continue their way of life receiving state incentives for its strengthening. We conclude that the territories and family farming need not and do not accept this model of agricultural modernization advocated in the Green Revolution. The model requires a state to bear with the structure in Chapada for companies to occupy, settle, produce, and profit from when find it impossible to continue in Apodi. However, implements policies that: not benefit the population; restrict access to water; generate pressures (emotional/psychological , from the fallacy of the benefits, political, social) in chapadenses; undermines the traditional agricultural production with environmental contamination by pesticides of agribusiness; generate jobs degrading health; expropriates people; invest over 200 million to strengthen agribusiness; cause an unequal struggle recognized by farmers. To add resistance to the perimeter, invite the Brazilian Network for Environmental Justice (RBJA) and we provide those affected with this document. We recognize the value of the territory and the research contributed to the dissemination and strengthening of the fight, when it proposes to hear the speeches and appreciate the demands of family farmers.

This thesis examines the political representation of Australian farmers. The NFF family of interest groups is charged with the political representation of farmers in Australia.Given that their state affiliates are the only organisations that farmers can directly join, this study takes the case of the New South Wales Farmers' Association (NSWFA) as its major reference point. A paradox is immediately confronted. On one hand, both the state and commentators refer to the NFF family as an exemplar of a successful modern interest group. However, on the other, the NFF family is being confronted with escalating levels of disillusionment and criticism from its own constituency.Two points of interest are highlighted. Firstly, it is suggested that theoretical frameworks, which assist commentators and researchers to come to the conclusion that the NFF family is 'successful', are not constructed in such a fashion as to throw sufficient light on the paradoxical nature of an existing situation. Secondly, this paradox suggests that the NFF itself must be able to disassociate the contingent relationship between its internal levels of support and external levels of access and influence. These two focal points are explored in this thesis, and the framework used by researchers to understand the actions of Australian farm interest groups are scrutinised. Discussing 'authentic' political representation assists considering the major theme of the 'representative paradox'. It is argued that this paradox is best understood by locating it within a search by farmers for authentic political representation - both through the NFF family and apart from it. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-321).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato dias de souza.pdf: 1293482 bytes, checksum: 3dd2f7d3dd13d9ea979340c856c6026f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-30 / In Trombas and Formoso had one of the largest peasant revolts in history of Brazil between 1950-1964, the events of the northern Goias drew attention from around the country and influenced the formation of a series of uprisings over land. It was against this that this study sought to understand the process of capitalist modernization, in Goiás, and spontaneous resistance of the peasantry. This has led to the creation of social conditions of intervention the Brazilian Communist Party in a fight that came to signify the desire for it to retain possession of the land. Having made possible the establishment of a "government" carried out by organizations created in an attempt to resist the expropriation, the Boards of streams and Farmers Association. These were aimed at meeting the social needs of the rebels and were subsequently defeated by the political and institutional integration and assimilation of the temporality of "land to fence" in the consolidated by the military coup of 1964. We discuss in a critical perspective on the dual grounds that characterizes the peasant as one unable to political practice, to demonstrate how this is a political subject in the construction of the organizations that interest them. / Em Trombas e Formoso tivemos uma das maiores revoltas camponesas da história do Brasil, entre 1950-1964, os acontecimentos do norte de Goiás chamaram a atenção de todo o país e influenciaram na constituição de uma série de levantes pela posse da terra. Foi diante disso que esse trabalho procurou compreender o processo de modernização capitalista, em Goiás, e a resistência espontânea do campesinato. Essa que levou a criação de condições sociais específicas de intervenção do Partido Comunista Brasileiro em uma luta que passou a significar a ânsia por se manter a posse da terra. Tendo possibilitado a constituição de um governo exercido pelas organizações criadas no intento de resistir a expropriação; os Conselhos de Córregos e a Associação de Lavradores. Essas tinham como objetivo atender às necessidades sociais dos revoltosos e foram posteriormente derrotados pela integração político-institucional e a assimilação da temporalidade da terra para cercar consolidada na região pelo golpe militar de 1964. Nesse trabalho abordamos em uma perspectiva crítica à razão dualista, que caracteriza o camponês como um incapaz para a prática política, e procuramos demonstrar como esse é um sujeito político na construção das organizações que lhes interessam.

本研究以非營利組織策略合作為主題，以策略性思維，嘗試探索較能解釋非營利組織策略合作型式選擇決策之合作內涵特性，且以此發現為基礎，從較具解釋效果之合作內涵特性分析，進一步針對非營利組織策略合作之價值共創與關係管理機制，探索較具策略管理意涵之機制變數，以建構本研究所欲探討之非營利組織策略合作型式選擇模式，以及價值共創與關係管理機制之概念模式，並提出規範性之命題。 　　為此，本研究選擇了具有近百年歷史且經營模式獨特之台灣農會（會員導向之擬公法人商業－互益型非營利組織）作為研究對象，結合非營利組織與營利組織之相關理論及文獻，針對實務現象進行分析。由於所欲探討主題屬特定現象之初期探討，本文採質性多重個案研究設計，針對由三家（含）以上農會所參與組成之聯盟機構蒐集資料，並以聯盟機構或策略合作網絡之主導機構為主體之組織間合作關係為分析單位，進行資料蒐集及探索性研究。 　　首先，歸納文獻與實務現象觀察結果，本研究依非營利組織策略合作「是否共組獨立機構」及「是否採非營利性」兩項選擇決策，將聯盟機構歸納分類成四種策略合作型式：非營利性合營機構、營利性合資機構、非營利性聯盟及營利性聯盟，此項分類方式也作為本研究後續進行個案分析之基礎。 　　由於不同策略合作型式傾向採取不同之組織原理與思考邏輯，本研究認為非營利組織(農會)進行策略合作，若要持續共同創造所欲追求之價值並妥善管理組織間關係，應策略性地選擇較能發揮效能之合作型式，再據以設計其價值共創與關係管理機制。因此，本研究之個案分析分成兩個階段進行，第一階段個案研究主要嘗試從實務個案資料分析歸納較能解釋不同策略合作型式之合作內涵特性變數；第二階段個案研究主要聚焦探討「非營利性聯盟」及「非營利性合營機構」兩種非營利性質之合作型式，並以第一階段有關合作內涵特性變數之發現為基礎，進一步探索兩種合作型式之價值共創與關係管理機制變數。 　　本研究第一階段個案分析歸納發現，如果合作內涵涉及高度業務可切割性及高度關係專用資產投入必要性時，較宜採取共組獨立機構之合作型式；反之，如果合作內涵涉及低度業務可切割性或低度關係專用資產投入必要性時，較宜採取不共組獨立機構之合作型式。另外，如果合作內涵涉及高度投入共同性、低度投入可衡量性、高度產出共同性或低度產出可衡量性時，較宜採取非營利性之合作型式；然而，如果合作內涵涉及低度投入共同性、高度投入可衡量性、低度產出共同性或高度產出可衡量性時，較宜採取營利性之合作型式。 　　至於第二階段有關價值共創機制之個案分析發現，如果合作內涵涉及低度業務可切割性時，非營利性聯盟可以採取幾項價值共創機制：合作夥伴專業分工、合作夥伴選擇、任務小組負責人選派制度、合作夥伴創新能力、外部資源有效分配方式，以及外部專家專業諮詢；相對地，合作內涵涉及高度業務可切割性時，非營利性合營機構可以透過專業團隊經營、董(理)監事選聘制度、領導人甄選制度、創新經營模式、組織設計決策管理與控制分離政策，以及設立外部獨立董(理)監事等機制來營造彼此價值共創之氛圍。 　　如果合作內涵涉及低度關係專用資產投入必要性時，要有效利用合作夥伴既有資源及外部取得資源以共同營造合作網絡之綜效價值，非營利性聯盟可以採取幾項價值共創機制：任務小組負責人選派制度、資源有效利用方式、合作夥伴之資源與技術有效整合，以及合作夥伴網絡關係運用；相對地，合作內涵涉及高度關係專用資產投入必要性時，非營利性合營機構可以採取董(理)監事選聘制度、具體資源運用計畫、合營機構領導人組專業團隊之權力，以及有效專業服務平台等價值共創機制。 　　針對關係管理機制之探討，經個案分析發現，如果合作內涵涉及高度投入共同性時，兩種非營利性質之策略合作型式可以透過可接受之合作規範、建立共同標準、資訊對等溝通，以及能力不足補救措施來提升合作夥伴配合共同投入意願。合作內涵涉及低度投入可衡量性時，可以賦予投入較多之合作機構主導資源利用方向之決策權以維持其投入意願；涉及高度產出共同性時，可以透過共同品質控管、不符標準產出配套處理措施及外部誘因來提升合作夥伴配合共同產出要求之意願；至於涉及低度產出可衡量性時，可以透過目標達成度評核措施、外部專家專業認定及可接受之利益分配方式來協調合作夥伴關係。 　　過去文獻對非營利組織之合作關係，較少以策略性思維進行探討，本研究之發現可延伸應用並補強現有合作相關理論與文獻對非營利組織間合作有關實務現象之解釋，對未來有關非營利組織合作關係之研究，也提供另一個思考方向；加上組織間策略合作也是當前政府輔導農民團體因應台灣加入WTO後之政策加強重點，本研究配合組織思索轉型所需，實務上期能提供農會研擬組織間合作策略及政府推動農民團體輔導政策之參考。 / Strategic cooperation is taken as an alternative resort for solving problems facing non-profit organizations (NPO) which suffer a bottleneck in operations resulting from mounting resource scarcity and external threats. It is especially deemed so for farmers’ associations in Taiwan, which were closely associated with the development of agriculture on the island in the past century and have been seriously affected after Taiwan entered the World Trade Organizations（WTO）in 2002. Given this understanding, we conduct a two-phase study to observe the phenomena by studying farmers’ associations in Taiwan. Research 1 attempts to explore the cooperation characteristics which can most explain the decision on strategic cooperation types chosen by at least 3 farmers’ associations in each network. Research 2, based on the findings of Research 1, attempts to explore the value-co-creating and relation-maintaining mechanisms for such relations. As part of the methodology, we apply an exploratory multiple-case-study design and refer to NPO and PO (for-profit organization) literature for analytical induction. Prior to the case study, we first categorize the NPO strategic cooperation relations into four types: Non-profit joint operations, for-profit joint ventures, non-profit alliances and for-profit alliances. This categorization made in accordance with literature review and observed phenomena serves as a basis for our further research. In Research 1, we examine 5 theoretically sampled cases and find out 2 characteristics variables which can most explain the decision on whether to organize an independent institution, and 4 variables which can most explain the decision on whether to keep the cooperation for non-profit purpose or change it into for-profit relations. According to our findings, if cooperation involves high business separability and high necessity for relation-specific asset input, we suggest a choice for organizing another new independent institution (i.e. non-profit joint operations or for-profit joint ventures). If cooperation involves low business separability and low necessity for relation-specific asset input, we suggest a choice for not organizing an independent institution (i.e. non-profit alliances or for-profit alliances). In terms of the “non-profit or for-profit” decision, if cooperation involves high input commonality, low input measurability, high output commonality and low output measurability, we suggest a non-profit choice (i.e. non-profit joint operations or non-profit alliances). If cooperation involves low input commonality, high input measurability, low output commonality and high output measurability, we suggest a for-profit choice (i.e. for-profit joint ventures or for-profit alliances). For the second research, we focus our study on the two non-profit cooperation types and examine 8 theoretically sampled cases including 5 non-profit alliances and 3 non-profit joint operations. We explore the value-co-creating mechanisms by analyzing case data from the two characteristics variables which can most explain the “organizing an independent institution or not” decision in consideration that the two studied types take different cooperation forms and may apply different mechanisms for co-creating synergetic value in the network. Meanwhile, we explore the relation-maintaining mechanisms from the four characteristics variables which can most explain the “non-profit or for-profit” decision because the two studied types is of non-profit nature and involve high input commonality, low input measurability, high output commonality and low output measurability. It is of strategic significance to heighten partners’ will for continued cooperation in such non-profit relations. Our findings of the value co-creating mechanisms suggest 6 mechanism variables for the non-profit alliances and non-profit joint operations, respectively, depending on their levels of business separability. Analysis from the characteristics of necessity for relation-specific asset input, in similar manner, suggests 4 variables for the two studied types, respectively. In the exploration of relation-maintaining mechanisms, results suggest 4 mechanism variables for the non-profit types if cooperation involves high input commonality, 1 variable for relations involving low input measurability, 3 variables for relations involving high output commonality, and 3 variables for relations involving low output measurability. Although there may be many mechanisms which can help partners to co-create value and maintain relations in their cooperation, this research attempts to explore only the variables which can be of more strategic significance for the two focus types. Following our findings in Research 1 and 2, we provide normative propositions and build a decision-making model for the choice of strategic cooperation types and another integrative conceptual model of the value-co-creating and relation-maintaining mechanisms for non-profit alliances and joint operations. Farmers’ associations, which boast of a history of nearly 100 years in Taiwan, are unique in their business models as compared to other non-profit organizations. On top of that, NPO inter-organizational cooperation relations are seldom examined from strategic perspective. Theoretically speaking, findings of this dissertation can further extend and supplement the explanation and the application of present theories and literature to the phenomena in this regard. Implications and recommendations for managerial practices of inter-organizational cooperation among farmers’ associations are also discussed.