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我國申請加入世界貿易組織(WTO)案之政治與法律分析王良玉, Wang, Liang-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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世界貿易組織爭端解決機制之研究邱育佩 Unknown Date (has links)
關稅暨貿易總組織自從一九四七年成立以來,由於成員日增,已經涵蓋了全球百分之九十以上之貿易量,並將其影響力從單純的關稅問題,逐漸擴大至非關稅,甚至服務業與智慧財產權等和貿易有關之經濟活動等層面。在這種堅實的基礎上,使得取而代之的世界貿易組織成為對國際貿易最有影響力之國際組織 。雖然烏拉圭回合談判中,仍有一些問題未獲解決,例如環保問題、勞動條件、人權問題、電影、競爭法之執行問題等,但是僅就目前已通過之協議架構審視,其對即將加入之我國所帶來之衝擊,就已超越過去我國所面臨之任何重大經貿問題。國際貿易新規範之制訂,雖然未必可以因此完全消除貿易國家間的爭執,甚至在可以預見之將來,由於國際間貿易、經濟等相互依賴之關係逐日加深,在往來密切之情況下,發生國際貿易爭端的機會應是不減反增。而在進步的改革下,未來可預期的是世界貿易組織下的爭端解決機制,將成為會員國之間貿易爭端之主要解決工具。此不但與關稅暨貿易總協定時代,各國趨向尋求體制外之解決方式顯著不同;更代表國際間國際貿易合作與發展之進步指標。因此,透過對國際經貿活動主要爭端解決機制之研究,有助於私人從事國際貿易行為時有所遵行,亦可提供相關行政機關於研擬相關對策時,熟悉國際實務,符合國際現實需求。
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機
第二節 研究方法
第三節 研究方法
第二章 國際貿易紛爭之理論探討
第一節 國際貿易紛爭之主體類型及救濟樣態
第一目 私人與私人間之國際貿易紛爭
第二目 私人與國家間之國際貿易紛爭
第三目 政府與政府間之國際貿易紛爭
第四目 小結
第二節 國際貿易紛爭之理論爭議
第一目 前言
第二目 國際經貿組織法規之功能
第三目 國際貿易糾紛解決體制之設計途徑
第三節 小結
第四節 世界貿易組織爭端解決體制取向
第三章 爭端解決規制沿革
第一節 關稅暨貿易總組織一九四七年之爭端解決程序
□□第二節 爭端解決暸解書之改革及其所設之一般原則
第四章 爭端解決程序改革之檢討
第一節 進行爭端解決制度前之重要程序
第一目 通知
第二目 諮商
第三目 斡旋、調停與調解
第二節 爭端解決小組之程序
第一目 前言
第二目 爭端解決小組之程序
第三目 爭端解決機構的上訴程序
第四目 建議及裁決之執行
第五目 補償與暫停實施減讓
第五章 爭端解決制度延伸問題
第一節 爭端解決制度程序效率之檢討
第二節 爭端解決小組之定位
第三節 世界貿易組織秘書處之責任
第四節 爭端解決程序期限違反之效果
第五節 仲裁制度在世界貿易組織爭端解決機制中之運用
第六節 開發中國家在國際貿易爭端解決機制中之角 色
第七節 標準條款之解釋原則
第八節 爭端解決小組建議及裁決之執行
第六章 爭端解決機制對世界貿易之影響兼論我國因應 對策
第一節 美日汽車貿易之戰適用爭端解決程序之結果
第二節 爭端解決程序與其他國貿易政策干預工具之競合─從美國綜合貿易法三0一條款立論
第一目 肯定說
第二目 否定說
第三目 折衷說
第三節 美國貿易法三0一條款在現今世界貿易組織下之地位兼論美國國際經貿取向
第四節 爭端解決機制在化解國際貿易爭端中所發揮之功能
第五節 我國之因應政策
第一目 我國與世界貿易組織之關係
第二目 國內廠商於爭端解決程序中之地位
第三目 考慮設立爭端處理專責機構及專業人
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兩岸加入GATT╱WTO之互動與影響分析 / Taiwan-Nailand China Access to GATT/WTO of interaction and effect Anaysis謝文啟, Hsie, Wen Chi Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要內容是以兩岸目前正積極尋求加入GATT/WTO為主軸,分析在此
一過程中兩岸可能的互動關係,及兩岸一旦加入WTO後對兩岸經貿關係的
影響。由於後冷戰時期的世界格局中國際經貿交流日趨重要,因此,世界
經貿經織的地位及其影響力,也日愈為各國所重視,在「世界貿易組織」
誕生,取代了「關貿總協定」的功能後,象徵著世界經貿關係的更加自由
化與制度化。兩岸由於政治的關係及經濟制度的差異,在入關的過程中面
臨各種不同的問題,本論文先從兩岸入關的背景、進程、障礙及其謂適、
因應措施加以比較分析後,再對兩岸加入的過程中,可能面對的各種亞動
關係,如名稱的問題、入關的資格問題、入關的次序問題、入關的排除適
用問題,一一加以剖析各種可能情境的利弊得失。最後,再假設兩岸一旦
加入WTO後,分析對兩岸各別的影響及對兩岸經貿關係可能的變化。
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俄羅斯加入世貿組織之進程與影響 / The Process and Effects of Russia’s Accession to the WTO熊慧鵬, Hsiung, Hui Peng Unknown Date (has links)
世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization, WTO,簡稱世貿組織),是現今最重要的經貿組織之一,在經濟全球化背景下,WTO對推動轉型國家的經濟發展,加速它們金融全球化和貿易自由化,促進其資金、技術、人員等更加自由流動,發揮著不可替代的重要作用。俄羅斯雖已是許多國際經貿組織的成員國,但至今卻尚未加入WTO。為研究加入WTO對俄羅斯整體經濟的影響,本文採用文獻探討、歷史研究方法與SWOT分析。首先,簡介WTO及其入世規程,歸納整理世界各主要先進工業國家與俄羅斯加入WTO之協商談判進程,以及俄羅斯為期早日入世所作之努力;其次,以SWOT分析俄羅斯入世對其農、工、服務等產業及對其整體經濟的正負面效益,最後,剖析俄羅斯入世對其他WTO會員國及全球之影響,評估俄羅斯入世之利弊。
本論文研究發現,俄國之入世進程雖因農業補貼、能源價格、開放服務業市場等議題爭辯,導致其入世延宕。然根據SWOT策略綜合分析,俄羅斯各產業優缺點及入世後所帶來的機遇與挑戰,入世之長期總體經濟效益仍將高過於其短期經濟衝擊。 / The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the most important economic and trade organizations. Under economic globalization, the WTO pushes funds, technologies, and persons to interflow freely in the whole world, which acts an important role. Although Russia was a member of many international economic and trade organizations, it didn’t join the WTO yet till now.
This study had used the literature survey, historical approach and SWOT analysis to research the process and effects of Russia’s accession to the WTO. Firstly, make a brief introduction and regulation of the WTO, generalize and compress the accession negotiations and issues among Russia and the main industrial countries, and the efforts of Russia will make it accelerated join to the WTO. Secondly, estimate the positive and negative effects of Russia’s agriculture, industry, service industry, and whole economy with the SWOT analysis if Russia is going to be a member of the WTO. Finally, analyze the influence on WTO members and the whole world, and estimate the advantages and disadvantages of Russia’s joining of the WTO.
The author found that the negotiations on issues as agriculture subsidies, energy price, and opening services market had resulted in Russia delayed to the WTO. Furthermore, realize the strengths and weaknesses of Russia’s industries, the opportunities and threats after Russia’s joining of the WTO according to the SWOT analysis, and it will get much more economic benefit in the long-term than the economic impact in the short-term.
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美國予中共永久正常貿易關係的決策分析林千文, Lin, Chain-wen Unknown Date (has links)
1989年至2001年美國的中國最惠國待遇(正常貿易關係)決策分析
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臺灣在WTO爭端解決機制下處理兩岸經貿爭端研究陳筱筠, Chen, Hsiao-yun Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣與中國大陸加入WTO後,其貿易互動將更趨頻繁,此現象除了帶來兩岸經濟的活絡外,也將提高兩岸貿易糾紛發生的可能性,因此熟悉WTO爭端解決機制的運作是臺灣做為一個經貿小國必學的課題;又兩岸糾紛不同於一般國際經貿糾紛,牽涉到敏感的政治因素,臺灣面臨的是對我主權不尊重也不認同之國家,在這樣的情況下,臺灣必須學習如何訴諸WTO爭端解決機制的法律途徑以保障臺灣經貿。
WTO爭端解決機制包含諮商、斡旋等雙邊協商,協商不成則可提請爭端解決機構(DSB)成立爭端解決小組(panel)以為因應,透過小組對兩造意見之書面審查、口頭辯論等意見表達,及蒐集相關資訊蒐集後,最後由小組做成「期中報告」,若成員國無其他意見表述,則「期中報告」即為「最終報告」,DSB有權要求被控訴履行裁決。
在整個WTO爭端解決過程中,臺灣必須面臨的挑戰有:中國大陸認定臺灣無提請訴訟資格的主權抗議、國際現實的壓力、龐大的訴訟費用,以及曠日費時的訴訟期間等。倘最後中國拒絕履行義務,臺灣雖可請求DSB授權對中國大陸進行貿易制裁,但其亦將蒙受本身產業在貿易制裁過程中的損失。這些因素使得臺灣政府在對中國大陸發動WTO爭端解決程序時有所顧忌。
但將兩岸爭端訴諸WTO爭端解決程序有一好處,即使兩岸貿易
回歸到規則導向的互動,亦可嚇阻中國大陸不尊重我為WTO會員國之相關行動,使兩岸貿易走向法制化的互動。 / After Taiwan and China accession to the WTO, the activities of bilateral trade will be more frequent. Besides the busy business, the possibility of trade disputes between cross-strait parties will be arisen as well. Therefore Taiwan needs to have more intimate knowledge of WTO dispute settlement mechanism. On the other hand, the disputes between cross-strait is different to other international disputes. The opponent that Taiwan faces to is a country which doesn’t respect Taiwan’s state sovereign. In such a circumstances, Taiwan have to learn how to protect the benefits of domestic industries through resorting to the legal access of WTO dispute settlement mechanism.
The procedures of WTO dispute settlement mechanism contains bilateral negotiation like consultation、good-offices etc. If the consultation is in vain, the complaining party could request the DSB to establish the panel. The panel has the rights to review the written requests、consider the rebuttal submissions、and seek concerning information, then the panel should issue an “interim report ”.If no other Member State has different requests, the “interim report ”shall be considered “ the final panel report “, and the DSB has the right to ask the defendant party to practice the recommendations.
During the whole process of WTO dispute settlement, Taiwan has to face these challenges as follows: the sovereign protest from China、the pressure from international reality、huge expenses of the proceedings, long time in the proceedings etc....If China refuse the recommendations, Taiwan could request the authorization from the DSB to suspend the application to Taiwan concerned of trade sanction. But the sanction will also injury Taiwan’s own domestic industries. Those consideration make Taiwan feel fearful of operating the WTO dispute settlement procedures against China.
There is an advantage of resorting to the WTO dispute settlement procedures against China, that is lead the trade activities between cross-strait to the operation of rule-oriented access ,and it also can stop China continue using the measures that will violate Taiwan’s sovereign. Those changes can legalize the trade activities between cross-strait.
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加入WTO後中國大陸產險市場經營效率之研究許仁榮, Hsu, Jen Jung Unknown Date (has links)
中國大陸於1986年申請重新加入WTO,經過15年的長期努力及多方談判,並且在各種產業上做出重大讓步之後,於12月11日正式成為第143個正式的會員國。加入WTO之後,在大陸金融市場規模龐大且成長迅速的吸引之下,市場的開放必然會吸引大量的國際保險業者進入大陸。另外,與一般開發中國家的情況相似,大陸的金融產業相對於其他產業而言是發展較為遲緩的產業,金融機構進駐後造成的衝擊必然十分嚴重,因此大陸當局應儘早加以準備與因應。
本研究採用資料包絡分析法進行效率值之計算,並使用大邊界法建構出單一效率邊界,探討大陸產險業在加入WTO前後的效率變動情形。本研究的結果如下:1.根據單變量無母數統計分析,整體產險業在加入WTO前後三個效率值雖呈正向關係但不顯著,表示階段性的開放是較理想的措施。2.非中資公司的整體技術效率值、純技術效率值與規模效率值均高於中資公司,顯示非中資公司其全球化的經驗較中資公司更好、更成熟。 / Mainland China reapplied in 1986 to join WTO, passed through 15 years long-term endeavor and negotiates in every way, and made the significant concessions after each industry, on December 11, 2001 officially became the 143rd official member nation. After joining the WTO, the mainland's financial market scale and rapid growth attract, opening of the market will attract a large number of international insurance industry to the mainland. Furthermore, with most developing countries in similar circumstances, the mainland's financial industry compared to other industries in terms of development is relatively slow industries, financial institutions stationed after the impact is inevitable, therefore, the mainland authorities should be prepared as early as possible and to respond.
This research applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure efficiency scores, and applied Grand Frontier to measure the trend of the efficiency change before and after joining WTO. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Based on the univariate statistical analysis, overall in the property insurance industry after joining the WTO three efficiency values have shown a positive relationship but not significant, said the gradual opening is a relatively ideal measures. 2. Non-Chinese company's overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were higher than the value of Chinese-funded companies that show non-Chinese-funded companies in their global experience are better and more mature than those Chinese-funded companies.
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Russia and China's Transition into the WTO and Economic Governance劉立詮, Liu, Lee Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
俄羅斯和中國進入世界貿易組織和經濟管理之變遷 / This research compares Russia and China’s formal and informal economic institutions, against the backdrop of the WTO. It analyzes the changing dynamics of interaction of institutional elements and processes that create the framework for economic governance under the WTO, situating Russia and China’s economic governance under WTO against the context of the respective countries’ economic transition processes. The institutional elements and processes of economic governance comprise such elements as: policies, legislation, institutions, organizations, government capacity, predictability, accountability, transparency, and participation. This research argues that while Russia and China significantly diverged in strategies in their transitions from a socialist economic system, their linkage to the past as they transition into the WTO creates useful comparisons that give us insights into what types of economic governance has worked, and what the two countries can learn from each other, if anything. Despite the concessions and economic integration the WTO could offer both Russia and China, there is no question the Russian federal government and the Chinese central government will continue to wield significant influence on its economic governance.
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台灣銀行業在泰國發展策略之研究 / Development strategies of Taiwanese Banks in Thailand楊敬夫, Yang, Jing Fu Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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WTO杜哈回合關稅配額改革方案對台灣農業之影響林幸慧 Unknown Date (has links)
WTO新回合農業談判,在2001年杜哈部長會議舉行的同時正式展開,其中重要的談判結果包括杜哈宣言與七月套案,討論的內容則涵蓋農產品的市場開放議題,特別是關於敏感性產品的處理方式。
敏感性產品,對台灣而言,主要指的就是關稅配額產品,在杜哈回合農業談判之結果下,市場開放勢必會對台灣農業造成衝擊。因此,本研究會從制度面與經濟面著手,觀察新回合農業談判的進行,將會對台灣關稅配額農產品造成哪些影響。 / The Doha Round, whose conclusion includes Doha Ministerial Declarartion and July Package, was initiated at the WTO's fourth ministerial conference in Doha, Qatar, in 2001, and the negotiation has sought to enhance market access for agricultural products, including the treatment of sensitive products. With sensitive products of Taiwan mainly being tariff quota products, the result regarding to market access may cause an impact to its agriculture. Thus, in this work we examine the influence of the Doha Round, from institutional and economic perspectives, to the tariff quota agricultural products of Taiwan.
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