<p>Background: Businesses are traditionally valued with the so called Discounted Cash Flow-model. When valuing newly-started businesses, surrounded by high uncertainty, and whose capital mostly consists of unrealized business opportunities, the Discounted Cash Flow-model needs to be complemented if the total value of the business is to be captured. A valuation with the help of real options is capable of valuing these unrealized opportunities, which often exist in newly-started businesses. The unrealized opportunities are to be found in the business plan of the business, why this needs to be valued to capture the total value of a newly-started business. </p><p>Purpose: To demonstrate what the use of real options can result in when valuing businesses. </p><p>Realization: The fulfillment of the purpose was achieved by gathering information from a case company. Thereafter the case company was valued by putting the gathered information and made assumptions into suitable theoretical valuation models. Finally, an evaluation of the result was made. </p><p>Findings: A valuation model, which includes real options can give a higher value on the business, but to beable to use real options one need to undertake some assumptions. These make the real option value uncertain to some extent. Real options can however function as a strategic tool. Firstly, the estimated option values can serve as indicators as to which decision to undertake within the business. Secondly, using real options can change the business management’s way to look at what creates value.</p>

Abstract                “Due diligence - A resource demanding process” Date:                     June 8th 2012 Level:                    Master thesis in business economics, 15 ECTS Institution:           School of Sustainable development of society and technology, Mälardalen University Authors:                Erdinc Kirik                                  Pär Matsson                                11th January 1987                      31th May 1985 Title:                      Due diligence - A resource demanding process Tutor:                     Staffan Boström Keywords:             Due diligence, the acquisition process, acquisitions, business valuation Research questions:              What are the main factors that Bank X, Nordea and Almi is focused on an examination of a due diligence for an acquisition, focusing on private limited companies? Does the approach between the various banks and Almi differ? Purpose:                The purpose of this paper is to create a checklist for private limited companies to use in the context of application for funding Method:                 The study was based on a qualitative study, based on primary data in terms of interviews in the subject of due diligence. Secondary data used in the study consisted of relevant literature and scientific articles. Conclusion:            The study showed that the respondents in general focuses on the same areas within Due diligence. The most important point which the respondents agreed on was profitability and repayment capacity. In overall, all elements in a Due diligence process that has an impact on profitability is important to examine. Including management, especially in smaller private companies, has an important role. They must perform in the business plan and convince the respondents that there is a repayment capacity. / Sammanfattning    ”Due diligence – En resurskrävande process” Datum:                   24 maj, 2012 Nivå:                       Magisteruppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 ECTS Institution:            Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, HST, Mälardalens Högskola Författare:             Erdinc Kirik                                  Pär Matsson                                 11 januari 1987                          31 maj 1985 Titel:                       Due diligence – En resurskrävande process Handledare:            Staffan Boström Nyckelord:              Due diligence, förvärsprocessen, företagsförvärv, företagsvärdering Frågeställning:       Vilka är de viktigaste faktorerna som Bank X, Nordea och Almi fokuserar på vid granskning av en Due diligence inför ett företagsförvärv, med fokus på privata aktiebolag? Skiljer sig tillvägagångssättet mellan de olika bankerna och Almi? Syfte:                     Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa en checklista som privata aktiebolag kan använda sig utav i samband med ansökan om finansiering. Metod:                    Uppsatsen gjordes utifrån en kvalitativ undersökning och baserades på primärdata i form av intervjuer inom ämnet Due diligence. Sekundärdata som använts i uppsatsen bestod av relevant litteratur samt vetenskapliga artiklar. Slutsats:                 Uppsatsen visade att respondenterna i stort fokuserar på samma områden inom Due diligence. Den allra viktigaste punkten som respondenter var eniga om var lönsamhet och återbetalningsförmåga. I det stora hela är, alla faktorer i en Due diligence som har en inverkan på lönsamheten viktiga att granska. Även företagsledningen, speciellt i mindre privata aktiebolag, har en viktig roll. De måste prestera i affärsplanen och kunna övertyga respondenterna om att återbetalningsförmågan finns.

Frente aos desafios da agricultura para as próximas décadas a terra assume um papel fundamental no cenário econômico. E, por sua relevância e abrangência, aumentam também as complexidades na apuração de seu valor econômico. Tendo em vista os diversos usos concorrentes a que a terra se destina, este trabalho tem o intuito de analisar quais são os agentes ativos no mercado de terras e quais os processos e métodos que os mesmos utilizam para avaliar as propriedades rurais. Além disso, busca-se explorar expandir as fronteiras conceituais do tema sob os diferentes enfoques em que a terra é discutida. A literatura acadêmica aborda o tema por diversos ângulos singulares nos campos da economia, ecologia, ciência política, direito, sociologia, e outros, na busca dos componentes determinantes do preço ou valor desse ativo, no entanto, há pouca cooperação entre essas disciplinas na análise da questão. Por meio de entrevistas com os agentes operantes no mercado de terras, representantes dos diversos interesses concorrentes no mercado, busca-se investigar como as propriedades são efetivamente avaliadas no mercado, quais os direcionadores de preço que esses agentes observam e quais os processos e fins dos seus relatórios de avaliação. Por fim, esses resultados são confrontados com a literatura acadêmica estudada e são levantados os pontos de coerências e discrepâncias da escolha desses métodos. / Facing the challenges of agriculture in the coming decades the farmland plays a key role in the economic scenario. For its relevance and scope, it also enhances the complexities of determining its economic value. Given competing uses and allocations to which it relates, this work aims to identify which are the participants in the farmland market and what processes and methods do they use to evaluate rural properties. In addition, it aims to explore and expand the conceptual boundaries of the topic through the different approaches in which the farmland is discussed. The academic literature addresses the topic from different angles concerning the fields of economics, ecology, political science, sociology, and others, in the search for its prices or value drivers. However, there is little cooperation among these disciplines. Making use of interviews with participants operating in the land market, representing the competing forces of this market, the research seeks to investigate how are the properties evaluated in the market, which are the observed drivers of their prices, according to the participant\'s point of view, and what are the processes and purposes of their valuation reports. Finally, these results are examined with respect to the existing academic theory pointing out their consistencies and discrepancies in conformity to the chosen valuation methods.

This diploma thesis deals with issues of the insolvency proceedings with further focus on methods of valuation of assets and creditor's claims. The thesis defines the basic terms of insolvency law and outlines the insolvency procedure. The following parts describe the basic principles of valuation in accounting and business valuation methods. The practical part deals with the analysis of the specific insolvency proceedings against NERIA a.s., focusing on the assets and its valuation.

The goal of the thesis Business valuation of PETROF, spol. s r.o. is to determine the market value of the company as at 1st January 2016. The thesis is divided among six parts. In the first part the company is introduced. Next parts are concerned by financial and strategic analysis of the company to assess over financial health and internal and external potential. Following part is analysis of value drivers which are crucial for creating of the financial plan. The final part is the valuation of the company by using of the DCF Entity method. Determined value is compared and evaluated by the comparison of EV/EBITDA multiple.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the company Tank ONO Ltd. independent buyer for the date 31. 12. 2014. The work consists of a theoretical part, which provides the theoretical bases to the process of valuation and the practical part. The practical part shows the practical application of theoretical knowledge to a specific company and is made up of strategic and financial analysis, followed by generators of values and financial plan. In conclusion, the valuation of the company itself, for which it has been used as the main method DCF Equity and additionally capitalized earnings method.

The purpose of the diploma thesis is to valuate a telecommunication company Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. The first part of the diploma thesis is focused on strategic analysis. Financial analysis was performed in the following part. After the analysis of the relevant market and company's financial health, value generators and financial plan of the company for the first phase were predicted. The valuation method is based on the going concern principle. DCF entity method was used as a main method.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to valuate a construction company Geosan dopravní stavby a.s. The first part is strategic analysis, the second financial analysis. After the analysis of the market and financial health, I predicted generators and financial plan of the company for the first phase. The valuation method is bases on the going concern principle. The main method is DCF entity and alternative is multiples.

Main purpose of the thesis is a discussion of valuation methods and their practical application with focus on a top diversified M&M company. In this work, I use various assupmtion to derive point as well as interval estimate of fair value of a Russian mining company.

The diploma thesis aims to determinate the value of the company T-Mobile Czech Republic a.s., which provides mobile telecommunications services in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes the basic valuation terminology, provides an overview of a valuation procedure and introduces business valuation methods. The practical part contains the strategic analysis, the financial analysis, the analysis and the forecast of value drivers followed by the financial plan and the final valuation of the company. The value of the company is determined by the income approach, specifically by the methodology of the discounted cash flow to the firm. The sensitivity analysis at the end of the thesis identifies crucial factors having an impact on the value of the company.