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Ukmergės rajonas yra vienas didžiausių Vilniaus apskrities rajonų. 62,23 % rajono užima žemės ūkio paskirties žemė. Rajone įregistruoti 1628 ūkininkų ūkiai, jie potencialiausi žemės ūkio paskirties žemės pirkėjai. Tyrimų tikslas - išanalizuoti žemės ūkio paskirties žemės rinką Ukmergės rajone. Analizės objektas – žemės ūkio paskirties žemės rinka Ukmergės rajone. Remiantis Registrų centro informacija, 2006 m. Ukmergės rajone buvo sudaryti 1103 žemės ūkio paskirties žemės perleidimų sandoriai, bendras perleistas per metus plotas 3,5 tūkst. ha. Žemės ūkio paskirties žemės sklypų įregistruojama vis daugiau: daugiausiai įregistruota perleidimų 2005 II ketvirtį, mažiausiai 2003 m. II ketvirtį, atitinkamai 360 ir 21 sandoris. Atlikus rinkos analizę buvo išbraižytos žemės verčių zonos. Atlikus daugianarę regresinę analizę nustatyta, kad sklypo kainai didžiausią įtaka turi kiti veiksniai ir atstumas iki rajono centro. Prie kitų veiksnių priskiriami visi veiksniai susiję su galimu pagrindinės tikslinės sklypo naudojimo paskirties pakeitimu. Kadangi Ukmergės rajone vyrauja nenašios žemės, didžiausią įtaką rinkos aktyvumui turi sklypo vieta ir susisiekimas su rajono centru. Kainų diferenciacija leidžia daryti prielaidą, kad žemė perkama ne tik žemės ūkio gamybai plėsti, o yra dar ir tiesiog patikima investicija, viliantis, kad ateityje ji dar brangs. 2006 m. daugiausia parduodamų sklypų susikaupę aplink miestelius ar tam tikras gyvenamąsias vietoves, tačiau nedaug žemės ūkio paskirties... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Ukmergė district is one of the biggest areas of Vilnius region. 62, 23 % of the district takes agricultural land. There are 1628 farms of farmers registered, are the most potential buyers of agricultural land. Work’s intention – analyze the market of agricultural land in Ukmergė district. Object of analysis – land market of agricultural land in Ukmergė district. With reference to the information of Registry centre, in year of 2006 there were drawn up 1103 transfer transactions of agricultural land in Ukmergė district, overall transferred area during the year is 3, 5 thousand hectares. Increasingly are registered agricultural land plots: mostly registered transfers are in II quarter of year 2005, least in II quarter of year 2003, accordingly 360 and 21 transactions. There were drafted maps of land values, after the market analyze was accomplished. There was collected information about buyable agricultural land plots in a period of 2003-2006 year. There was applied information about 252 plots for analysis. After the accomplished multinomial regression analyze, there were defined, that the biggest impact to the price of the plot has other factors and distance till the centre of district. All factors connected with the possible modification of main objective plot, use purpose are referred to other factors. Because unproductive land is dominating in Ukmergė district, the biggest influence to the market’s activity has place of the plot and communication with the district’s centre... [to full text]

Thesis (PhD(Agric) (Agriculture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Traditionally, agricultural land was regarded mainly as a production factor. Accordingly, in their application of the market sales comparison approach to agricultural land, valuers relied on a set of attributes related to agricultural production as the primary determinants of an agricultural property’s highest and best use (HBU) and market value. These characteristics were measurable and related to the property’s income-generating capacity. The emergence of a multi-functional rural land market with alternative uses of agricultural land, such as for lifestyle purposes, has transformed this concept. Lifestyle inspired buyers often focus on a wider range of attributes not necessarily related to income, but associated more with satisfaction derived from the property. This creates a measurement problem for agricultural land valuers, as the characteristics valued by lifestyle buyers are more intangible and subjective, which leave valuers without a base from which to value such properties. The presence of lifestyle inspired buyers makes agricultural land valuations more demanding as it implies different interpretations of the same farm and complicates the choice of a single HBU. The continued use of familiar conventional farming attributes by valuers when valuing farms where lifestyle motivations are present, and the omission of less measurable characteristics, implies that the market sales comparison method cannot be executed accurately. The objectives of the study were twofold: to reveal the dominance of value attributes applicable to farming as HBU when valuing farms bought primarily for lifestyle purposes and to identify the characteristics of land important to lifestyle inspired farm buyers.

Orientador: Samuel Frederico / Resumo: No início do século XXI, o território brasileiro foi marcado pela emergência das imobiliárias agrícolas financeirizadas. Trata-se de empresas agrícolas vinculadas ao capital financeiro que têm a terra como principal ativo financeiro. O surgimento dessas empresas no país remonta a recente corrida por terras de proporções globais, conhecido como land grabbing. Caracterizado pela forte relação entre o capital financeiro e o mercado de terras, o fenômeno de land grabbing foi intensificado nos Cerrados brasileiros a partir das estratégias adotadas pelas imobiliárias agrícolas financeirizadas da captura da renda fundiária, colocando em oposição à lógica de rentabilidade financeira e as comunidades locais. Diante dessa dialética entre o global e o local, partimos da concepção de que o interesse do capital financeiro no controle de terras e na produção agrícola moderna impõe uma nova lógica de rentabilidade às imobiliárias agrícolas financeirizadas, resultando numa série de conflitualidades nas áreas de Cerrado. Em busca dessa constatação, esta tese analisou as estratégias de uso do território brasileiro pela empresa BrasilAgro. Dedicando-se em responder algumas questões: como que o capital financeiro vem impondo a sua lógica de rentabilidade as imobiliárias agrícolas financeirizadas? Quem são os agentes financeiros que estão por trás da BrasilAgro? Quais são os seus reais interesses desses agentes de efetuar investimentos em terras/agricultura? Quais são as estratégias da empresa de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: At the beginning of the 21st century, Brazilian territory was marked by emergence of agricultural real estate companies linked to financial capital. These companies have the land as the main financial asset. The emergence of these companies in Brazil dates back to recent the land grabbing worldwide. Characterized by relationship between the financial capital and the land market, the phenomenon of land grabbing was intensified in the Brazilian Cerrado through strategies of rent capture by the agricultural real estate companies opposing logic of financial profitability and the communities from Brazilian Cerrado. In view of this dialectic between global and local, we start from the conception that interest of the financial capital in the control of lands and in the modern agricultural production imposes a new logic of profitability the Brazilian agricultural companies, amplifying several conflicts in the Cerrado areas. Therefore, this thesis analyzed the strategies of use of the Brazilian territory by the company BrasilAgro dedicating itself to answer some questions as: how does finance capital impose your logic of profitability on agricultural real estate companies? Who are the financial agents that are behind this agricultural enterprise? What are your real interests in investing in land? What are the company's strategies for capturing land income? How does your performance relate to land grabbing? What are the territorial consequences of your investments? The information was ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Frente aos desafios da agricultura para as próximas décadas a terra assume um papel fundamental no cenário econômico. E, por sua relevância e abrangência, aumentam também as complexidades na apuração de seu valor econômico. Tendo em vista os diversos usos concorrentes a que a terra se destina, este trabalho tem o intuito de analisar quais são os agentes ativos no mercado de terras e quais os processos e métodos que os mesmos utilizam para avaliar as propriedades rurais. Além disso, busca-se explorar expandir as fronteiras conceituais do tema sob os diferentes enfoques em que a terra é discutida. A literatura acadêmica aborda o tema por diversos ângulos singulares nos campos da economia, ecologia, ciência política, direito, sociologia, e outros, na busca dos componentes determinantes do preço ou valor desse ativo, no entanto, há pouca cooperação entre essas disciplinas na análise da questão. Por meio de entrevistas com os agentes operantes no mercado de terras, representantes dos diversos interesses concorrentes no mercado, busca-se investigar como as propriedades são efetivamente avaliadas no mercado, quais os direcionadores de preço que esses agentes observam e quais os processos e fins dos seus relatórios de avaliação. Por fim, esses resultados são confrontados com a literatura acadêmica estudada e são levantados os pontos de coerências e discrepâncias da escolha desses métodos. / Facing the challenges of agriculture in the coming decades the farmland plays a key role in the economic scenario. For its relevance and scope, it also enhances the complexities of determining its economic value. Given competing uses and allocations to which it relates, this work aims to identify which are the participants in the farmland market and what processes and methods do they use to evaluate rural properties. In addition, it aims to explore and expand the conceptual boundaries of the topic through the different approaches in which the farmland is discussed. The academic literature addresses the topic from different angles concerning the fields of economics, ecology, political science, sociology, and others, in the search for its prices or value drivers. However, there is little cooperation among these disciplines. Making use of interviews with participants operating in the land market, representing the competing forces of this market, the research seeks to investigate how are the properties evaluated in the market, which are the observed drivers of their prices, according to the participant\'s point of view, and what are the processes and purposes of their valuation reports. Finally, these results are examined with respect to the existing academic theory pointing out their consistencies and discrepancies in conformity to the chosen valuation methods.

This dissertation investigates selected empirical and theoretical aspects of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) in exurban areas. Two challenges – observation and monitoring of LUCC, and spatially explicit modeling, are addressed using three main approaches – measuring, reviewing and agent-based modeling (ABM). All of these approaches focus on LUCC at the individual household level, investigating how micro-scale elements interact to influence macro-scale functional patterns—bottom-up analysis. First, the temporal change of the quantity and pattern of land-cover types within exurban residential parcels in three townships in the southeastern Michigan is examined using landscape metrics and local indicators of spatial association at the parcel and parcel-neighborhood level respectively. The results demonstrate that the number and area of exurban residential parcels increased steadily from 1960 to 2000, and different land-cover types have distinctive temporal changes over time. The results also indicate that there is a convergence process at the neighborhood level through which the quantity and pattern of land cover in parcels conform with the neighborhood appearance. Second, 51 urban residential choice models based on ABM are reviewed. The results divide these models into three categories (i.e. models based on classical theories, models focusing on different stages of urbanization process; and integrated ABM and microsimulation models). This review also compares the differences among these models in their representations of three essential features brought by the technique of ABM: agent heterogeneity, the land market and output measurement. Challenges in incorporating these features, such as the trade-off between the simplicity and abstraction of model and the complexity of urban residential system, interactions of multiple features and demands for data at individual level, are also discussed. Third, the effects of agent heterogeneity on spatial and socioeconomic outcomes under different levels of land-market representations are explored through three experiments using a stylized agent-based land-market model. The results reveal that budget heterogeneity has prominent effects on socioeconomic outcomes, while preference heterogeneity is highly pertinent to spatial outcomes. The relationship between agent heterogeneity and macro-measures becomes more complex as more land-market mechanisms are represented. The results also imply that land-market representation (e.g., competitive bidding) is indispensable to reproduce the results of classical urban land market models (e.g., monocentric city model) in a spatial ABM when agents are heterogeneous.

Žemės ūkio paskirties žemės rinka Lietuvoje nėra plėtojama taip seniai, kaip kitas nekilnojamasis turtas. Žemės rinka pradėjo sparčiau plėtotis reformos metu, kada žmonės susigrąžinę žemę natūra, pradėjo ja laisvai disponuoti. Žemės rinka parodo tam tikros vietos patrauklumą, todėl yra aktualu ištiri žemės rinką Šilutės rajone, atsižvelgiant į išskirtines šio regiono savybes, ir nustatyti šiam regionui būdingų veiksnių (saugomų teritorijų, rekreacinio vietovės potencialo, mažiau palankių ūkininkauti vietovių) poveikį žemės rinkai. Atliekant tyrimą buvo analizuojamos 6 mėnesių (2009.09.01-2010.03.01) siūlomų parduoti ir pirkti žemės sklypų kainos Šilutės rajone. Tyrimui atlikti buvo pasinaudota 497 skelbimais, apie parduodamus ir perkamus sklypus Šilutės rajone, surinktais iš internetinių puslapių bei Šilutės rajono vietinės spaudos. Atlikus tyrimą buvo nustatyti veiksniai įtakojantys žemės rinką Šilutės rajone. Nustatyta, kad didžiausią įtaką rinkos aktyvumui turi sklypo vieta (rekreacinis potencialas). Taip pat nustatytos vidutinės žemės ūkio paskirties žemės kainos tirtuoju laikotarpiu atskirose vietovėse. Nustatyta kad vidutinė žemės ūkio paskirties žemės kaina Šilutės rajone yra 1940 litų už arą. / Land market is expanding not many years ago like as another realty in Lithuania. Land market is expending due to land reform. Land market shows some local attraction. The subject of purpose is to analyze land market in Silutė district, to analyze this region exclusive characteristic and affect (recreational potential, protected areas and for less utility areas) which can to influence land market. Was analyzed the land purchase and sale transactions (analyzed 497 advertisements) in Silutė area. Was used 497 advertisement from different newspaper and internet. Examined that the biggest influence to the market’s activity has place of the plot. Was examined the average price in Silute district. The average price of a land plot is 1940Lt by one are.

This dissertation investigates selected empirical and theoretical aspects of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) in exurban areas. Two challenges – observation and monitoring of LUCC, and spatially explicit modeling, are addressed using three main approaches – measuring, reviewing and agent-based modeling (ABM). All of these approaches focus on LUCC at the individual household level, investigating how micro-scale elements interact to influence macro-scale functional patterns—bottom-up analysis. First, the temporal change of the quantity and pattern of land-cover types within exurban residential parcels in three townships in the southeastern Michigan is examined using landscape metrics and local indicators of spatial association at the parcel and parcel-neighborhood level respectively. The results demonstrate that the number and area of exurban residential parcels increased steadily from 1960 to 2000, and different land-cover types have distinctive temporal changes over time. The results also indicate that there is a convergence process at the neighborhood level through which the quantity and pattern of land cover in parcels conform with the neighborhood appearance. Second, 51 urban residential choice models based on ABM are reviewed. The results divide these models into three categories (i.e. models based on classical theories, models focusing on different stages of urbanization process; and integrated ABM and microsimulation models). This review also compares the differences among these models in their representations of three essential features brought by the technique of ABM: agent heterogeneity, the land market and output measurement. Challenges in incorporating these features, such as the trade-off between the simplicity and abstraction of model and the complexity of urban residential system, interactions of multiple features and demands for data at individual level, are also discussed. Third, the effects of agent heterogeneity on spatial and socioeconomic outcomes under different levels of land-market representations are explored through three experiments using a stylized agent-based land-market model. The results reveal that budget heterogeneity has prominent effects on socioeconomic outcomes, while preference heterogeneity is highly pertinent to spatial outcomes. The relationship between agent heterogeneity and macro-measures becomes more complex as more land-market mechanisms are represented. The results also imply that land-market representation (e.g., competitive bidding) is indispensable to reproduce the results of classical urban land market models (e.g., monocentric city model) in a spatial ABM when agents are heterogeneous.

In Uruguay in recent years was evidenced a significant increase in the agricultural sector. International commodity prices boosted the price of the land wich increased by more than 600% and leases more than 400% in the period between 2000 and 2011. This was accompanied by the sale of almost 7 million hectares and the leasing of more than 8 million, addend between both, almost all of the productive area of the country. In the same period, of a total of 57 thousand establishments in 2000, lost more than 12 thousand establishments of which 11 thousand correspond to units of less than 100 hectares. The present work as main objectives has to understand how it is structured, and works the land market in Uruguay and then explain how has been the influence of that market and prices landholding on production systems family. Was performed an analysis of secondary data on prices for land and the dynamics of the land market, comparing himself with the census data structure of land ownership, concentration and foreignization of land, throughout the country and by departments. Subsequently, from the concepts of the theory of the Capitalist Theory of Land Rent, was evaluated the structure and functioning of the land market by checking for the existence of a speculative behavior in this market. In turn, on the basis of the systemic approach based on the Theory of Agrarian Systems (Analysis-Diagnosis of Agrarian Systems) was used the study of the influence of such market as a differentiation factor for production systems family of homogeneous area of Barriga Negra and Sierras Blancas in the department of Lavalleja. Was performed the typology of the production systems on the basis of typical cases and representative of these typologies, was performed the study economic. The principal results showed that the large increase in the price of the land, in Uruguay, it is a product of the international situation with high agricultural prices, but also of a speculative behavior by the big landowners and agribusiness companies. The price of land officiates as a barrier for small producers that do not have a scale according to the productive model and cannot access, via the market to purchase the land. Some systems that they get a accumulation, however, they do so from lease land and therefore the price of land also prevents them from the purchase of the mode of independence from the leases. This way, the forest big companies in the homogeneous area capture lands, they press for the increase of the prices and they appropriate of the rent land ownership starting from the lease of these small units. In this context, without a public intervention it seems unlikely that these units found mechanisms of accesses to the land, to make viable their systems, so they tend to the abandonment of the production. / No Uruguai, nos últimos anos, evidenciou-se um importante dinamismo no setor agropecuário. Os preços internacionais das commodities pressionavam sobre o preço da terra que aumentou mais de 600% e os preços dos arrendamentos mais de 400% no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2011. Isto foi acompanhado pela venda de quase 7 milhões de ha e do arrendamento de quase 8 milhões de ha, somando entre eles quase a totalidade da superfície produtiva do país. Dos 57 mil estabelecimentos existentes em 2000, diminuíram para o ano 2011, mais de 12 mil estabelecimentos, dos quais 11 mil eram unidades menores aos 100 ha. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos principais compreender a estrutura e o funcionamento do mercado de terras no Uruguai, para, posteriormente, explicar como tem sido a influência desse mercado e dos preços fundiários sobre os sistemas de produção familiares. Realizou-se uma análise de dados secundários sobre os preços da terra e a dinâmica do mercado de terras, comparando com os dados dos censos agropecuários da estrutura fundiária, concentração e estrangeirização da terra, em nível nacional e por departamento. Posteriormente, a partir dos conceitos da Teoria da Renda Fundiária, valorou-se a estrutura e o funcionamento do mercado de terras, comprovando a existência de comportamentos especulativos. Por sua vez, a partir do método sistêmico, baseado na teoria de Sistemas Agrários, o Análise-Diagnóstico de Sistemas Agrários, realizou-se o estudo da influência do mercado de terras como um fator de diferenciação dos sistemas de produção familiares da zona homogênea de Barriga Negra e Sierras Blancas, no departamento de Lavalleja. Realizou-se a tipologia dos sistemas de produção e escolheram-se casos típicos e representativos destes tipos, sobre as quais se realizou a avaliação econômica. Os principais resultados mostraram que o aumento nos preços fundiários é produto do contexto de preços internacionais elevados das commodities, mas também produto de um comportamento especulativo dos proprietários fundiários e das grandes empresas florestais. O preço da terra constitui um entrave para a ampliação da escala produtiva das pequenas unidades familiares, que, desse modo, não podem acessar a terra por via do mercado. Os sistemas que, com maior área produtiva, conseguem uma reprodução ampliada a partir do arrendamento, mas, para estes, o preço da terra também é um empecilho para a compra, ficando dependentes dos arrendamentos. Desse modo, as grandes empresas florestais da zona homogênea concentram áreas, pressionando para o aumento no preço da terra e apropriam-se da renda fundiária gerada pelo trabalho dos pequenos produtores. Nesse contexto, sem uma intervenção pública parece pouco provável que estas unidades encontrem mecanismos de acesso a terra, para viabilizar seus sistemas, e portanto, tendem a abandonar a produção.