Frente aos desafios da agricultura para as próximas décadas a terra assume um papel fundamental no cenário econômico. E, por sua relevância e abrangência, aumentam também as complexidades na apuração de seu valor econômico. Tendo em vista os diversos usos concorrentes a que a terra se destina, este trabalho tem o intuito de analisar quais são os agentes ativos no mercado de terras e quais os processos e métodos que os mesmos utilizam para avaliar as propriedades rurais. Além disso, busca-se explorar expandir as fronteiras conceituais do tema sob os diferentes enfoques em que a terra é discutida. A literatura acadêmica aborda o tema por diversos ângulos singulares nos campos da economia, ecologia, ciência política, direito, sociologia, e outros, na busca dos componentes determinantes do preço ou valor desse ativo, no entanto, há pouca cooperação entre essas disciplinas na análise da questão. Por meio de entrevistas com os agentes operantes no mercado de terras, representantes dos diversos interesses concorrentes no mercado, busca-se investigar como as propriedades são efetivamente avaliadas no mercado, quais os direcionadores de preço que esses agentes observam e quais os processos e fins dos seus relatórios de avaliação. Por fim, esses resultados são confrontados com a literatura acadêmica estudada e são levantados os pontos de coerências e discrepâncias da escolha desses métodos. / Facing the challenges of agriculture in the coming decades the farmland plays a key role in the economic scenario. For its relevance and scope, it also enhances the complexities of determining its economic value. Given competing uses and allocations to which it relates, this work aims to identify which are the participants in the farmland market and what processes and methods do they use to evaluate rural properties. In addition, it aims to explore and expand the conceptual boundaries of the topic through the different approaches in which the farmland is discussed. The academic literature addresses the topic from different angles concerning the fields of economics, ecology, political science, sociology, and others, in the search for its prices or value drivers. However, there is little cooperation among these disciplines. Making use of interviews with participants operating in the land market, representing the competing forces of this market, the research seeks to investigate how are the properties evaluated in the market, which are the observed drivers of their prices, according to the participant\'s point of view, and what are the processes and purposes of their valuation reports. Finally, these results are examined with respect to the existing academic theory pointing out their consistencies and discrepancies in conformity to the chosen valuation methods.

Orientador: Bastiaan Philip Reydon / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T05:27:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Telles_TiagoSantos_D.pdf: 2532419 bytes, checksum: 074d49e9f68a6dcd4d343ff801020e43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Os preços de terras agrícolas podem ser determinados tanto pelos fatores produtivos quanto pelos fatores especulativos. Entre os fatores produtivos, é reconhecido que investimentos na conservação dos solos em áreas destinadas às atividades agropecuárias podem valorizar as terras agrícolas. O plantio direto na palha é uma tecnologia que integra diretrizes da agricultura conservacionista e que garante uma série de vantagens à produção agropecuária, com possíveis impactos no preço das terras, o que contribui para que a adoção desse tipo de preparo do solo esteja crescendo no Brasil. Essa expansão foi de tal grandeza que no Censo Agropecuário 2006, realizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), foi dedicada uma seção específica para o levantamento de informações sobre os tipos de preparo do solo. Esse levantamento possibilitou o cruzamento de informações sobre os tipos de preparo do solo com o preço das terras agrícolas, oferecendo a possibilidade de verificar se as terras utilizadas com o plantio direto na palha são mais valorizadas do que aquelas utilizadas com outros tipos de preparo, ou seja, cultivo convencional ou cultivo mínimo. Os resultados indicaram que no Estado do Paraná as terras agrícolas em áreas de lavouras temporárias com plantio direto na palha, quando comparadas aos demais tipos de preparo, são mais valorizadas. Essa valorização das terras associada ao plantio direto na palha também pode ser observada em outras Unidades da Federação, tais como Bahia, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso e Goiás. Mas o fenômeno da expansão do plantio direto na palha e aumento do valor das terras que utilizam a tecnologia pode estar relacionado a outros aspectos técnicos e econômicos inerentes a esta tecnologia, dentre os quais: a redução de risco de perdas de produção associados às questões climáticas e de custos, redução no número de operações agrícolas em comparação aos outros tipos de preparo e simplificação na gestão da propriedade agrícola. Adicionalmente, outro fator que pode ter influenciado essa relação entre plantio direto e valorização das terras agrícolas foram ações governamentais, por meio de programas e políticas públicas com foco na conservação e recuperação dos solos. Isso suscita a questão de que é válido investigar com mais profundidade a repercussão do programas dessa natureza na valorização do ativo terra enquanto fator para a tomada de decisão dos agricultores na adoção de práticas propostas pela agricultura conservacionista / Abstract: The cost of farm lands is determined by both productive and speculative factors. Soil conservation is one such factor that might result in the appreciation of areas dedicated to agriculture. The no-tillage (NT) is a technology integrating the guidelines of conservation agriculture and ensures several advantages to agricultural productions. It also impacts land prices and, in turn, favors the adoption of this type of soil preparation in Brazil. The expansion of the use of the NT was so significant that the 2006 Agricultural Census, carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), dedicated one specific section for the acquisition of information about the types of soil preparation. The collected data allowed the study of the correlation between the type of soil preparation and the cost of farm lands. In particular, it enabled the comparison between the direct prices of lands using NT or other soil preparation, that are conventional tillage and minimum tillage. The results indicate that, in Parana State, farm lands in large areas of annual crops using NT are negotiated at higher prices comparison with land using other forms of soil preparation. This Brazilian farm land appreciation in association with the NT was also observed in other Federation units, such as Bahia, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Goias. The observed higher prices might also be associated with other technical and economical aspects, inherent to the NT, such as the reduction of risk of yield loss due to climate issues and decreased costs, diminished number of agriculture operations, in comparison with the other types of soil preparation and simplified management of the property. Additionally, another factor that might have influence on this relationship between the NT and the appreciation of the farm lands were governmental actions, represented by public programs and policies focusing on the conservation and restoration of soils. It raises the question that it is important to investigate more deeply the repercussion of such policies in the appreciation of land as an asset in the farmer's decision to adopt practices of the tillage conservation agriculture / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

A presente pesquisa propõe estudar as experiências da urbanização no bairro da Barra Funda durante o período de 1890 a 1920, através da analise do cruzamento de fontes, especialmente autos crime do do Arquivo do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo com ofícios e croquis das Obras Particulares do Arquivo Histórico de São Paulo. No momento histórico a que se refere essa pesquisa, São Paulo vivia um processo conflituoso de reestruturação social e espacial, advindo, principalmente, de três grandes mudanças no cenário urbano paulistano: a abolição e a consolidação de um mercado de mão de obra livre; a proclamação da República; e o surto de expansão econômica vivido pela capital paulista. Nesse processo se deu o crescimento da ocupação de regiões antes consideradas fora do perímetro urbano, e a integração destas a cidade. O caso do bairro da Barra Funda, inserido nesse contexto, é exemplar por se tratar de um espaço de ocupação mista: além de ser ocupada por distintas classes sociais, serviu tanto como zona residencial quanto como área de distribuição de mercadorias e industrial. A partir dos elementos trazidos pelos auto crimes, discutiremos as experiências da urbanização vivenciadas por moradores do bairro, como estes entenderam e participaram do processo de ocupação urbana deste território. O foco do estudo é, portanto, como os habitantes do bairro viveram o processo de sua urbanização, e como essa experiência se relacionou com os dispositivos do poder público e dos capitais privados que também interferiam naquele espaço. Dessas experiências da urbanização, podemos refletir como, para além das políticas públicas, os habitantes da cidade se relacionaram de fato com o avanço da urbanização pela cidade / This essay aims to study the experiences of urbanization in the district of Barra Funda during the period comprised between 1890 and 1920, by analyzing the crossing between the files in the justice court of Sao Paulo with private work storaged in the History Archive of Sao Paulo. At the time in history referred to in this research, São Paulo was going through a conflicting process of social and spatial restructuring, coming especially from three large changes to the São Paulo urban setting: the abolishment and consolidation of a free labor market; proclamation of the Republic; and the sudden economic expansion experienced by the São Paulo capital city. During such process, the growth of occupancy in some regions previously considered as out of the urban perimeter took place, as well as their integration to the city. The case of the district of Barra Funda, inserted into such context, is an example for being a mixed occupancy space: in addition to being occupied by different social classes, it served both as residential zone and as area for distribution of goods and industrial area. From the elements brought by the crime records, we shall discuss the urbanization experiences lived by district dwellers, how they understood and took part of the urban occupancy process of such territory. The study is focused in how the habitants of the neighberhood lived the urbanistic process, and how this experience is related to the goverment actions and the private capital, wich also interfered in that space. Out of such urbanization experiences, we shall be able to reflect on how, beyond the public policies, the city inhabitants actually related with the advancement of urbanization through the city

Le problème foncier a été une question fondamentale tout au long de l’histoire chinoise. À la différence des systèmes juridiques occidentaux, la propriété privée foncière n’est jamais considérée ni comme un droit subjectif naturel, ni comme un droit absolu. À cela s’ajoute la contradiction entre l’économie de marché et l’idéologie socialiste. Le droit d’usage du terrain fut créé dans un contexte visant à favoriser le développement économique sans pour autant rompre avec l’idéologie socialiste. Ainsi, le droit d’usage du terrain et la propriété publique du terrain interagissent de façon inédite. Le droit d’usage du terrain se développe au rythme des besoins économiques. A la suite de l’amendement de la Constitution en 2004 qui consacre la protection de la propriété privée, la loi sur les droits réels de 2007 reconnaît explicitement la nature réelle du droit d’usage du terrain et protège également la propriété privée et la propriété publique. Il faut garder à l’esprit que la consécration juridique de cette nouvelle figure du droit foncier chinois soulève de nombreuses questions, tant sur un plan juridique que politique. Quelles sont les conséquences de la finance foncière du gouvernement ? Ne faut-il pas dresser le constat d’une ineffectivité de la protection du droit d’usage du terrain face à l’État ? Comment répondre aux insatisfactions des expropriés ? Toutes ces interrogations nous conduisent à penser que le droit d’usage est loin d’être un droit sacré ; il appelle une nouvelle réforme de grande ampleur : à notre sens, en effet, une réforme politique d’ensemble paraît à la fois nécessaire et inévitable. / The issue of ownership has been a fundamental question throughout Chinese history. Different from what has been established by western legal systems, the private ownership has never been considered as a subjective natural right , not an absolute right. In addition, there exists a contradiction between the market economy and the socialism. The land use right was created under the circumstances aiming to encourage economic development without breaking with the socialist ideology. Therefore, the land use right and the public ownership interact with each other in a very original way. The land use right develops along with the economic demands. In order to extend the protection to private ownership, the Chinese Constitution is amended in 2004. Accordingly, the Property Law of 2007 explicitly recognizes the very nature of the land use right, and offers equal protection to both private ownership and public ownership. It is important to keep in mind that the recognition of such new element in Chinese Property Law raises many legal questions as well as political ones. What are the consequences of governmental land finance? Is there a need to address the issue of ineffectiveness in the protection of land use right against the State? How to respond to the dissatisfaction of the private person whose property is expropriated? All these questions lead us to the conclusion that the land use right is still far from a sac red right. It requests a further extensive reform. In our view, a comprehensive political reform is both necessary and unavoidable.

<p>This thesis interrogates the claim that resource-poor, rural land seekers can acquire land through the land market which constitutes the central mechanism of land redistribution in South Africa&rsquo / s market-based land reform programme. The study explores two key aspects in relation to this claim. Firstly, it provides a critique of the underlying assumptions prevalent in much of the current market-based land reform policy, as advocated by its national and international proponents, and the manner in which the market as a mechanism for land redistribution has been conceptualized and its outcomes envisaged. Secondly, it considers the extent to which this conceptualization - which it is argued, draws on idealized and abstracted notions of land market functioning - is realized and examines the extent to which the espoused outcomes of market-based land reform policy are aligned with or contradicted by the functioning of real markets and the experiences of resource-poor land seeking people in their attempts to engage in the land market with limited state support. The details of the market&rsquo / s operation are analysed, with a distinction made between the operational practice of real markets &ndash / based on direct evidence-based observation <br /> and degrees of policy abstraction and theoretical assumptions regarding how markets should or might operate. The study&rsquo / s methodological framework draws on an agrarian political economy perspective, as used by theorists such as Akram-Lodhi (2007) and Courville (2005), amongst others. This perspective enables a consideration of the various contexts and socially embedded processes involved in land transactions and the extent to which these are shaped and framed by the politics of policy-making. In line with this perspective, the study focuses on the social relations brought to bear on the acquisition of land and the way in which land markets operate. It is suggested that land is not solely viewed as an economic commodity by land-seekers. Furthermore, it was found that markets cannot be understood as neutral institutions in which participants are equal players.</p>

Disertacijoje pateikiama žemės ūkio paskirties žemės rinkų raidos analizė, pagal apžvelgtą teorinę medžiagą pasiūlant kompleksinę tyrimų schemą ir pritaikant ją Lietuvos žemės rinkos kūrimuisi ir vystymuisi tirti. Rinkų raida nagrinėjama keturiais detalumo lygmenimis: šalies, regioniniu, vietiniu ir specialiuoju (miestų plėtros veikiamų teritorijų) mastu. Pasiūlomi ir pagrindžiami matematiniai sąryšius aprašantys modeliai, pateikiamos darbo išvados ir siūlymai. / Dissertation represents analysis of agricultural land markets development. The analysis was performed by proposing a complex analytical model system and applying it for the investigation of land market development and evolution in Lithuania. Land market development is analysed at 4 levels: state, regional, local and special (in territories affected by urban sprawl). Mathematical models are proposed and validated for the description of relationship and interconnections in land market. From results of the models, conclusions and some suggestions were made.

This is a summary of doctoral dissertation. Dissertation represents analysis of agricultural land markets development. The analysis was performed by proposing a complex analytical model system and applying it for the investigation of land market development and evolution in Lithuania. / Tai yra daktaro disertacijos santrauka. Disertacijoje pateikiama žemės ūkio paskirties žemės rinkų raidos analizė, pagal apžvelgtą teorinę medžiagą pasiūlant kompleksinę tyrimų schemą ir pritaikant ją Lietuvos žemės rinkos kūrimuisi ir vystymuisi tirti.

Nekilnojamojo turto objektų savininkai turtą parduoda, dovanoja ar kitaip perleidžia kitų asmenų nuosavybėn. Todėl yra labai svarbu nustatyti kuo tikslesnę nekilnojamojo turto vertę, kuri būtų naudojama privatizuojant valstybinę žemę žemės reformos metu, sudarant nekilnojamojo turto sandorius, apskaičiuojant nekilnojamojo turto mokesčius. Straipsnyje analizei panaudoti 2007 metų siūlomų parduoti žemės ūkio paskirties ir namų valdos žemės sklypų, esančių Prienų rajone, duomenys, siekiant įvertinti masinio vertinimo tikslumą. Išanalizavus pasirinktame rajone esančius žemės ūkio paskirties ir namų valdos žemės sklypus ir jiems pritaikius masinio vertinimo modelį, taikomą verčių žemėlapiams sudaryti (2008 m.), matyti, kad sudaryti pagal vertinimo modelį žemės verčių žemėlapiai neatitinka rinkoje siūlomų žemės ūkio paskirties ir namų valdos žemės sklypų kainų. / Owners of real property often sell give as a present or make their property over to somebody else in some other way. So, it is very important to define the accurate value of the real estate, which could be used during the privatization of the state-owned land (during land reform), as well as making real property transactions or calculating real estate taxes. Land market in Prienai district was analyzed in this thesis work. The data about premise and agricultural land plots in Prienai district during 2007 has been collected for this research work. On purpose to evaluate the accuracy of mass appraisal of land, the prices of these plots were compared to those received while calculating according to the value model used for the compiling of value maps. According to the received data, market prices do not correspond to those presented in the land value maps.

<p>This thesis interrogates the claim that resource-poor, rural land seekers can acquire land through the land market which constitutes the central mechanism of land redistribution in South Africa&rsquo / s market-based land reform programme. The study explores two key aspects in relation to this claim. Firstly, it provides a critique of the underlying assumptions prevalent in much of the current market-based land reform policy, as advocated by its national and international proponents, and the manner in which the market as a mechanism for land redistribution has been conceptualized and its outcomes envisaged. Secondly, it considers the extent to which this conceptualization - which it is argued, draws on idealized and abstracted notions of land market functioning - is realized and examines the extent to which the espoused outcomes of market-based land reform policy are aligned with or contradicted by the functioning of real markets and the experiences of resource-poor land seeking people in their attempts to engage in the land market with limited state support. The details of the market&rsquo / s operation are analysed, with a distinction made between the operational practice of real markets &ndash / based on direct evidence-based observation <br /> and degrees of policy abstraction and theoretical assumptions regarding how markets should or might operate. The study&rsquo / s methodological framework draws on an agrarian political economy perspective, as used by theorists such as Akram-Lodhi (2007) and Courville (2005), amongst others. This perspective enables a consideration of the various contexts and socially embedded processes involved in land transactions and the extent to which these are shaped and framed by the politics of policy-making. In line with this perspective, the study focuses on the social relations brought to bear on the acquisition of land and the way in which land markets operate. It is suggested that land is not solely viewed as an economic commodity by land-seekers. Furthermore, it was found that markets cannot be understood as neutral institutions in which participants are equal players.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERRO_Aline_2012.pdf: 668281 bytes, checksum: cb4f315d67a767998cd128eb7837850f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / This study aims to evaluate the impact of some factors on prices of agricultural land in three different regions: agricultural frontier (in the south of Maranhão, south of Piauí, eastern region of Tocantins and west of Bahia), transition area (relatively recent agricultural use of the land; however, it already represents a major soybean producing region, such as the Central-Western region in Brazil) and developed (more traditional agricultural areas, such as the South of Brazil). The period of the analysis is from 2002 to 2010, due to the recent availability of prices of regional lands. Several studies regarding the land market were analyzed; consequently, some factors related to the revenue obtained with land, to the technological level, to the infrastructure, to the need of credit, to the availability of land to expand crops and to one factor linked to expectations of agents. The elasticity in relation to the land price was obtained, using the econometric model of panel data. Soybean prices, which represent the revenue of land, had a positive relation with the price of this factor. Moreover, it was possible to verify that, in less occupied regions, an increase in the demand for area may bring negative impacts on its prices, because of the higher elasticity of the land supply and the possibility to convert raw lands and pastures in agricultural areas. This occurs because the land conversion shifts the supply curve to the right, which might impact negatively the land price. On the other hand, in the developed area, the relation is positive, since the land supply is almost inelastic. The factor of speculation was very important in the agricultural frontier region, differently from what was observed in other regions, which has highlighted the sharp interest of investors groups interested in the potential of the land valuation in that region in the period considered. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto de algumas variáveis sobre o preço da terra agrícola em três regiões distintas: fronteira agrícola (localizada no sul do Maranhão, sul do Piauí, leste do Tocantins e oeste da Bahia), área de transição (com exploração agrícola relativamente recente, mas que já representa um grande pólo produtor de soja, como o Centro-Oeste) e desenvolvida (áreas agrícolas mais tradicionais, como o Sul do País). O período de análise foi de 2002 a 2010, em virtude da recente disponibilidade de preços de terras regionais. Tendo sido analisados diversos trabalhos referentes ao mercado de terras, foram selecionadas algumas variáveis relacionadas à renda da terra, ao nível tecnológico, à infraestrutura, à necessidade de crédito de subsídio, à disponibilidade de terras para expansão do cultivo e a um fator relacionado às expectativas dos agentes. Foram obtidas as elasticidades em relação ao preço da terra utilizando-se o modelo econométrico de dados em painel. Observou-se que o preço da soja, que representa a renda da terra, teve relação estreita e positiva com o preço deste fator. Além disso, foi possível verificar que nas regiões menos ocupadas, um aumento da demanda por área pode impactar negativamente em seu preço, tendo em vista a maior elasticidade da oferta de terras e a possibilidade de conversão de terras brutas e pastagens em áreas agrícolas. Isso ocorre porque a conversão de terras possibilita um deslocamento da curva de oferta para a direita, o que pode proporcionar um impacto negativo no preço da terra. Já na região desenvolvida, a relação é positiva, já que a oferta de terras é praticamente inelástica. O fator especulativo foi bastante representativo na região de fronteira agrícola, ao contrário do observado nas demais regiões, o que evidenciou o forte interesse por grupos investidores com interesse no potencial de valorização da terra nessa região no período analisado.