Xu Zhi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62 (2nd gp.)). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.II / 中文摘要 --- p.V / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.XI / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- VALUE OR GROWTH STOCK? --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Summary Statistics: Financial Ratios of h Shares --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Profitability analysis --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Debt Structure --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Operational Management --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Corporate Identity: Value or Growth Stock? --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Are H Shares Value Stocks? --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Are H Shares Growth Stocks? --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Summary --- p.13 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- THE METHODOLOGY OF EVENT STUDIES --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- Brief Outline of an Event Study --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Issues on Event Studies --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Unknown Event Dates --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Which is the best benchmark model for the normal return? --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Hypothesis testing and problems with heteroskedasticity and dependence --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- A multivariate regression model (MVRM) employed in the event study --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Measuring long horizon security price performance --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Use daily return or monthly return in event study? --- p.27 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- ARE H SHARES WANTED: DEAD OR ALIVE? --- p.28 / Chapter 4.1 --- Definitions of Events --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sample and Estimation Procedures --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sample Selection --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Estimation Procedures --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3 --- Empirical Results of Good and Bad Earnings Announcements --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Short Term Effects on Securities Prices --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Long Term Post-Earnings-Announcement Drifts --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Regression Analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- REGRESSION RESULTS FOR GOOD EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- REGRESSION RESULTS FOR BAD EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Summary --- p.39 / Chapter 4.4 --- Empirical Results of Good and Bad News --- p.40 / Chapter 4.5 --- "Empirical Results of SEO, M&A and New Projects" --- p.41 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Summary --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- A PRACTICAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FOR H SHARES --- p.43 / Chapter 5.1 --- Problems Corporate Governance Deals with --- p.45 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- The Agency Problem --- p.45 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Management Discretion --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2 --- Solutions to the Problems --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Incentive Contracts --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Large Investors --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Debt Choice --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3 --- Corporate Governance for H Shares: a Practical Framework --- p.50 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Essential Elements of Good Corporate Governance --- p.51 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Summary : A Practical Framework of Good Corporate Governance --- p.53 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.58 / REFERENCE --- p.61 / APPENDIX OF TABLES --- p.63 / APPENDIX OF FIGURES --- p.64

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Economics / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Since China's introduction of economic reform and adoption of market-oriented programs, more and more people are going into business. China registered an average annual GDP growth of over 8% in the past ten years. Moreover, during the past ten years (1995-2005), the number of women-owned businesses in China has increased significantly, and these businesses are just as successful as those owned by men. With an increasing number of them participating, women have become a major force in China's economic development, even in Shaanxi. The need for a better understanding of this emerging economy and of women entrepreneurs in small firm motivated the researcher to undertake this study. Moreover, this study was guided by the following research objectives: Primary objectives • Determine the motivations underpinning entry of women into small business in Shaanxi • Examine the barriers and challenges that female entrepreneurs face and how can these be addressed • Examine the contribution of female entrepreneurs to the regional development of the province with regard to employment • Consider the determinants of the employment growth of women-owned business as in Shaanxi • Examine the determinants of the performance of female entrepreneurs in Shaanxi • Make suggestions regarding further research on entrepreneurship development in Shaanxi province, China • Examine whether source of funding is associated with the education of the entrepreneurs. Secondary objectives • Examine whether perceptions of support for women entrepreneurs vary with marital status and education. • Examine whether perceptions of support for women entrepreneurs vary with training and networks. • Examine whether belonging to a business network is related to the marital status and education of the women entrepreneurs. According to surveyed entrepreneurs, the quest for personal development (pull) and a feeling of not "fit in" with the organisation (push) are two main factors which motivated women to go into business as self-employed persons. The main barriers to them start-up in business are availability of funds and family support. Problems still exist, but women entrepreneurs made a great contribution to Shaanxi's provincial economic development, especially in terms of employment creation opportunities. The regression analysis shows that education and experience of the entrepreneurs contribute significantly to employment growth. Moreover, efficient business networks, availability of funding with training opportunities and the support from government are seemingly rather weak in Shaanxi, China. Results of the hypotheses tests indicate that training, networks, business location, family member employees and prior working experience of the women entrepreneurs contribute significantly to better performance in business. / Thesis (M.Comm.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The signing of the US-China bilateral trade agreement in November 1999 paved the way for the People's Republic of China (hereafter China) to ascend to World Trade Organisation as a member. China's bid to become part of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) renewed foreign investor interest after a decade of growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. An analysis of FDI to China confirms that foreign firms take an evolutionary approach to enter the Chinese market place. Since the opening of the economy to foreign investors in 1978, foreign enterprises shifted their utilisation of entry modes from contractual joint ventures (CJV), to equity joint ventures (EJV) and since 1994 many entered China without the help of a local partners through wholly foreign owned enterprises (WFOE's). Problems and frustration with joint venture partners gave rise to the growth in WFOE's. However EJV's are still superior in profitability and market share to the WFOE. Foreign investors need guidance in selecting the most appropriate entry mode. However, entry mode frameworks and models offered in literature are contradictory and fragmented. Entry mode alternatives in China can be represented on a continuum of control. CJV's and minority EJV's represent the lowest level of control or ownership while the WFOE, the highest level of control. This study proposes that the entry mode decision can evaluated in terms of the level of ownership that a foreign investor should adopt in a foreign invested enterprise (FIE). Turning to the theoretical foundations of entry mode choice, the transaction cost-, eclectic-. resource based -, strategic behaviour -, institutional- and evolutionary theories are integrated into a framework from which entry mode can be considered. From its theoretical foundations entry mode determinants are reviewed and propositions made regarding the impact of each determinant on the ownership level in a FIE. A review of and application of the framework to the Chinese business environment resulted in the market entry mode decision framework for foreign investors in China (MEMOFFIC). The MEMDFFIC suggest a phased external-, internal-, partner and project analysis when considering entry mode choice. China's high market potential, experience in attracting FDI as well as high level of opportunism and weak intellectual property protection are proposed to motivate foreign investors to adopt high ownership levels when entering into China. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ondertekening van 'n bilaterale handelsooreenkoms deur die VSA en China in November 1999 het die weg gebaan vir die Volksrepubliek van China (hierna "China" genoem) om lidmaatskap van die Wêreldhandelsorganisasie (WHO) te verkry. China se pogings tot deelname aan die Wêreldhandelsorganisasie het die belangstelling van buitelandse beleggers laat opvlam na 'n dekade van groei in direkte buitelandse belegging in China. 'n Ontleding van direkte buitelandse belegging in China bevestig dat buitelandse firmas 'n evolusionêre benadering volg om tot die Chinese mark toe te tree. Sedert die oopstelling van die ekonomie vir buitelandse beleggers in 1978 het buitelandse ondernemings hul toetreemeganismes verskuif van kontraktuele gesamentlike ondernemings na ekwiteit gesamentlike ondernemings, en sedert 1994 het talle van hulle China binnegegaan sonder die hulp van plaaslike vennote deur middel van ondernemings ten volle in buitelandse besit. Dit was probleme en frustrasies met vennote in gesamentlike ondernemings wat tot die uitbreiding van laasgenoemde tipe ondernemings gelei het. Tog is billike gesamentlike ondernemings nog steeds winsgewender as ondernemings ten volle in buitelandse besit en geniet ook 'n groter markaandeel. Buitelandse beleggers het 'n behoefte aan praktiese leiding in die keuse van die geskikste toetreemeganisme, aangesien toetreeraamwerke en -modelle wat in die literatuur voorgehou word, mekaar dikwels weerspreek en ook gefragmenteer is. Daar is wel toetreevlakalternatiewe in China op 'n kontinuum van beheer. Kontraktuele gesamentlike ondernemings en kleiner ekwiteit gesamentlike ondernemings verteenwoordig die laagste vlak van beheer of eienaarskap, terwyl daar by die ondernemings ten volle in buitelandse besit die hoogste vlak van beheer bestaan. In hierdie studie word voorgestel dat die toetreevlak besluit geëvalueer kan word ingevolge die vlak van eienaarskap wat 'n buitelandse belegger behoort te aanvaar in 'n buitelandse beleggingsonderneming. Wat betref die teoretiese grondslag van keuse van toetreevlak, word die transaksiekoste-, eklektiese, bron-, strategiesegedrag-, institusionele en evolusionêre teorieë geïntegreer in 'n raamwerk vanwaar toetreevlak oorweeg kan word. Vanuit die teoretiese grondslag word toetreevlakdeterminante geëvalueer en voorstelle gemaak oor die impak van elkeen op die eienaarskapvlak in 'n buitelandse onderneming. 'n Oorsig en toepassing van die raamwerk op die Chinese sake-omgewing het gelei tot die marktoetreevlak-besluitnemingsraamwerk vir buitelandse belegg.ers in China. Volgens die raamwerk word voorgestel 'n gefaseerde eksterne, interne, vennoot- en projekanalise wanneer die manier van toetrede oorweeg word. China se hoë markpotensiaal, ervaring van die lok van direkte buitelandse belegging asook hoë vlak van opportunisme en swak beskerming van intellektuele eiendom moet gesien word as aansporing vir buitelandse beleggers om by toetrede tot China hoë vlakke van eienaarskap te aanvaar.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

Dou Zheyuan. / "December 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-195). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Yam Kam Shing. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-45). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.2 / Chapter III. --- EQUITY FINANCING --- p.4 / Listing Equity Shares In Hong Kong --- p.4 / Listing Equity Shares In Overseas Market --- p.10 / Venture Capital / Investment Funds --- p.15 / Private Placement --- p.21 / Chapter IV. --- DEBT FINANCING --- p.22 / Issuing Debt Securities --- p.22 / Project Finance --- p.29 / Borrowing from Local Banks --- p.32 / Borrowing from PRC Banks --- p.32 / Chapter V. --- OTHER METHODS --- p.33 / World Bank and its affiliates --- p.33 / Export Credit --- p.35 / Suppliers' Financing --- p.37 / Customer Financing --- p.38 / Franchising --- p.38 / Leasing --- p.38 / Counter-Trade --- p.39 / Staff Financing --- p.41 / Chapter VI. --- SUMMARY --- p.42 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.43 / APPENDICES --- p.46 / Abbreviations / SEHK the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Ltd / HKMA Hong Kong Monetary Authority / PBOC the People's Bank of China (the central bank of China) / MOFTEC the Ministry of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation of China / "Listing Rules ""Rules Governing the Listing of Securities"", SEHK"