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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A assimetria funcional inter-hemisférica

Gonçalves, Marcia Garcia 24 June 1984 (has links)
Submitted by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2012-04-16T11:59:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000029668.pdf: 5564247 bytes, checksum: 19e0ae9f13f4630739f0d7524bb61aa8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-16T11:59:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000029668.pdf: 5564247 bytes, checksum: 19e0ae9f13f4630739f0d7524bb61aa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1984 / This study analyses the various aspects of functional inter-hemisferic assimetry, through a critical review of the litterature concerning clinical and experimental work, with normal individuals and neurological patients, which was considered most significant for the present configuration of this field of knowledge. The initial work reviewed concerns neurological patients with unilateral lesions, which provided the first evidence about an assymetrical organization of the cerebral hemispheres. Taking into account that inter-hemispheric assimetry is connected mainly with cognitive processes, the review analysed the more significant studies on aphasia, apraxia, agnosis and amnesia, all of which are directly related with cerebral assirnetry. Following this review, studies which utilized Wada's technique and in comissurotomized patients were analysed, with emphasis on a demonstration of their heavy influence over present knowledge of functional inter-hemispheric assimetry, either regarding the functional characterization of each cerebral hemisphere, or regarding a focusing of interest over this area of neuropsychological research. It is worth remarking that studies on the functional characterization of cerebral hemispheres were ultimately responsible fot the substitution of the concept of cerebral dominance by that of functional inter-hemispheric assimetry. As far as the review of studies done on normal individuals, the emphasis was placed on the progression from a focus on hemispherical characterization to one centered on the analysis of cognitive requirements neeessary for a given task; the purpose of this approach was to evaluate the participation proportion of the cerebral hemispheres in the execution of complex tasks. Individual differences regarding the standards of functional lateralization were evaluated with particular regard to those studies which utilized easily observable behavioral variables, such as manipulatory preferences and their family history, ocular preferences and the subject's sexo Emphasis was placed on correlational studies between the first mentioned variable and language lateralization, which have obtained a greater empirical support. The main models being presently evaluated in the litterature with regard to the dynamics or joint cerebral hemisphere activity were analysed nex. Though not completely satisfactory, Diamond and Beaumont's (Beaumont, 1974) was considered to be the most consistent through its proposal of a more integrated action between the cerebral hemispheres. Phylogenetic and ontogenetic analysis, as well as the analysis of the significance of the various cognitive processes required for complex tasks were also evaluated, as they are becoming one of the main centers of interest in the litterature concerning functional inter¬ hemispheric assimetry. / A temática da assimetria funcional inter-hemisférica e analisada, neste trabalho, através de uma revisão crítica da literatura concernente aos estudos clínicos e experimentais (realizados tanto com pacientes neurológicos quanto com indivíduos normais) que se mostraram mais significativos para a configuração atual deste campo do saber. Inicialmente são analisados os estudos efetuados com pacientes neurológicos lesados unilateralmente, que forneceram as primeiras evidências sobre uma organização assimétrica dos hemisférios cerebrais. Na medida em que tal assimetria refere-se principalmente aos processos cognitivos, focalizou-se esta análise nos estudos mais significativos realizados sobre os quadros de afasias, apraxias, agnosias e amnésias, diretamente relacionados à problemática da assimetria cerebral. Os estudos empregando a técnica de Wada e com pacientes comissurotomizados foram abordados a seguir procurando-se evidenciar o grande avanço que propiciaram nos conhecimentos concernentes à assimetria funcional inter-hemisférica, quer em termos da caracterização funcional de cada hemisfério cerebral (o que acabou por levar a substituição da problemática de dominância cerebral pela de assimetria funcional inter-hemisférica) quer em termos da mobilização de interesse por esta área da pesquisa neuropsicológica. No que concerne aos estudos com indivíduos normais, procurou-se enfatizar a progressão de um enfoque centrado nas caracterizações hemisféricas para um enfoque centrado na análi¬se dos requerimentos cognitivos de uma determinada tarefa, com o objetivo de avaliar a participação relativa dos hemisférios cerebrais nas tarefas complexas. As diferenças individuais quanto ao padrão de lateralização funcional foram particularmente examinadas em relação aos estudos vinculados a variáveis comportamentais facilmente observáveis tais como a preferência manipulatória e sua história familiar, a preferência ocular e o sexo, dando-se ênfase a estudos correlacionais entre aquela primeira variável e a lateralização para a linguagem, que têm tido maior suporte empírico. Os principais modelos emergentes na literatura sobre a atuação conjunta dos hemisférios cerebrais, tentando explicar sua din5mica, foram objeto de um tópico ulterior. Dentre os diversos modelos propostos considerou-se mais consistente o de Dimond e Beaumont (Beaumont, 1974) que propõe uma atuação mais integrada entre os hemisférios cerebrais, embora não se revele totalmente satisfatório. Análises de questões filogenética, ontogenética e referentes aos diferentes processamentos cognitivos requeridos em tarefas complexas foram efetuadas já que constituem grande foco de interesse na literatura atual concernente à assimetria funcional inter-hemisférica.

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