With the advent of Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) concepts, Command and Control (C2) Systems need efficient methods for communicating between heterogeneous systems. To extract or exchange various levels of information within the networks requires interoperability between human and machine as well as between machine and machine. This dissertation explores the Information Exchange Framework (IEF) concept of distributed data fusion sensor networks in Network-centric environments. It is used to synthesize integrative battlefield pictures by combining the Battle Management Language (BML) and System Entity Structure (SES) ontology framework for C2 systems. The SES is an ontology framework that can facilitate information exchange in a network environment. From the perspective of the SES framework, BML serves to express pragmatic frames, since it can specify the information desired by a consumer in an unambiguous way. This thesis formulates information exchange in the SES ontology via BML and defines novel pruning and transformation processes of the SES to extract and fuse data into higher level representations. This supports the interoperability between human users and other sensor systems. The efficacy of such data fusion and exchange is illustrated with several battlefield scenario examples.A second intercommunication issue between sensor systems is how to ensure efficient and effective message passing. This is studied by using Cursor-on-Target (CoT), an effort to standardize a battlefield data exchange format. CoT regulates only a few essential data types as standard and has a simple and efficient structure to hold a wide range of message formats used in dissimilar military enterprises. This thesis adopts the common message type into radar sensor networks to manage the target tracking problem in distributed sensor networks.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Information Exchange Framework for data fusion systems, we illustrate the approach in an air defense operation scenario using DEVS modeling and simulation. The examples depict basic air defense operation procedure. The demonstration shows that the information requested by a commander is delivered in the right way at the right time so that it can support agile decision making against threats.

The multi-domain operations are vaguely defined and there are a variety of interpretations. In general terms, multi-domain can be described as a means of communication between different joint forces such as land, water, air, cyber, and space. In multi-domain operations, the focus is on how those domains can integrate using technologies, methods, and planning.  By interviewing individuals with long experience in both the British and Swedish Armed Forces and conducting a literature study, the focus has been on understanding how multi-domain operations as a concept are understood, interpreted, and implemented in the respective nation’s operations today regarding the technology and organizational structure.   The results were compared with frameworks such as Federated Mission Networking (FMN) and Level of Information Systems Interoperability (LISI). The analysis shows that both the Swedish and British Armed Forces need greater interoperability. In order to have a better ability to cooperate within their forces, a more agile approach to the organization is needed that takes advantage of information and communication technologies. This can be achieved by managing different protocols through the different layers and models and by introducing a cloud service that functions as a cloud service function where the information flow is fast and easily accessible, independent of the domain.

[ES] Esta tesis se ha desarrollado dentro del marco de la interoperabilidad de seguridad, enfocándose en la colaboración de los proyectos CAMELOT y PREVISION, financiados por la Comisión Europea dentro del programa Horizonte 2020. Estos proyectos se han ejecutado en el grupo de investigación de Sistemas y Aplicaciones de Tiempo Real Distribuido (SATRD) del Departamento de Comunicaciones de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV). La libre circulación de personas y mercancías en la Unión Europea (UE) y la eliminación progresiva de los controles fronterizos, en virtud del acuerdo de Schengen, han presentado desafíos significativos en la seguridad de las fronteras exteriores europeas. Incidentes recientes, incluyendo oleadas de inmigración ilegal, la crisis de refugiados y ataques terroristas, han intensificado la necesidad de un control y vigilancia eficaces. Esta tesis propone una arquitectura de interoperabilidad genérica, diseñada para integrar sistemas existentes y permitir el intercambio de datos a través de una plataforma unificada. Se ha prestado especial atención a la utilización de adaptadores para la conversión de datos entre los sistemas originales y la plataforma adoptada. Posteriormente, la implementación de la arquitectura se ha validado en dos contextos distintos: el proyecto CAMELOT, centrado en la mejora de la gestión y control de las fronteras, y el proyecto PREVISION, enfocado en crear un entorno de respuesta rápida para la detección de amenazas como actos terroristas. Ambos proyectos se han validado mediante simulaciones en entornos reales, evaluando situaciones como el contrabando ilegal y la detección de tráfico con inmigrantes ilegales en CAMELOT, y el seguimiento de actividades terroristas en PREVISION. Las demostraciones han mostrado mejoras significativas gracias a las arquitecturas desarrolladas, recibiendo una valoración excelente y destacando su potencial para futuras implementaciones en diversos ámbitos. / [CA] Aquesta tesi s'ha desenvolupat dins del marc de la interoperabilitat de seguretat, centrant-se en la col·laboració dels projectes CAMELOT i PREVISION, finançats per la Comissió Europea dins del programa Horitzó 2020. Aquests projectes s'han dut a terme en el grup de recerca de Sistemes i Aplicacions de Temps Real Distribuït (SATRD) del Departament de Comunicacions de la Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). La lliure circulació de persones i mercaderies a la Unió Europea (UE) i l'eliminació progressiva dels controls fronterers, en virtut de l'acord de Schengen, han presentat desafiaments significatius en la seguretat de les fronteres exteriors europees. Incidents recents, incloent onades d'immigració il·legal, la crisi de refugiats i atacs terroristes, han intensificat la necessitat d'un control i vigilància eficaços. Aquesta tesi proposa una arquitectura d'interoperabilitat genèrica, dissenyada per integrar sistemes existents i permetre l'intercanvi de dades a través d'una plataforma unificada. S'ha prestat especial atenció a la utilització d'adaptadors per a la conversió de dades entre els sistemes originals i la plataforma adoptada. Posteriorment, la implementació de l'arquitectura s'ha validat en dos contextos diferents: el projecte CAMELOT, centrat en la millora de la gestió i control de les fronteres, i el projecte PREVISION, enfocat en crear un entorn de resposta ràpida per a la detecció d'amenaces com actes terroristes. Ambdós projectes s'han validat mitjançant simulacions en entorns reals, avaluant situacions com el contraban il·legal i la detecció de tràfic amb immigrants il·legals en CAMELOT, i el seguiment d'activitats terroristes en PREVISION. Les demostracions han mostrat millores significatives gràcies a les arquitectures desenvolupades, rebent una valoració excel·lent i destacant el seu potencial per a futures implementacions en diversos àmbits. / [EN] This thesis has been developed within the framework of security interoperability, focusing on the collaboration of the CAMELOT and PREVISION projects, funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 program. These projects have been carried out in the research group of Distributed Real-Time Systems and Applications (SATRD) of the Communications Department at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV). The free movement of people and goods in the European Union (EU) and the gradual elimination of border controls, under the Schengen agreement, have presented significant challenges in the security of Europe's external borders. Recent incidents, including waves of illegal immigration, the refugee crisis, and terrorist attacks, have intensified the need for effective control and surveillance. This thesis proposes a generic interoperability architecture, designed to integrate existing systems and enable data exchange through a unified platform. Special attention has been given to the use of adapters for the conversion of data between the original systems and the adopted platform. Subsequently, the implementation of the architecture has been validated in two different contexts: the CAMELOT project, focused on improving border management and control, and the PREVISION project, aimed at creating a rapid response environment for the detection of threats such as terrorist acts. Both projects have been validated through simulations in real environments, evaluating situations such as illegal smuggling and detection of trafficking with illegal immigrants in CAMELOT, and monitoring of terrorist activities in PREVISION. The demonstrations have shown significant improvements thanks to the developed architectures, receiving excellent evaluations and highlighting their potential for future implementations in various fields. / Esta tesis se ha desarrollado dentro del marco de la interoperabilidad de seguridad, enfocándose en la colaboración de los proyectos CAMELOT y PREVISION, financiados por la Comisión Europea dentro del programa Horizonte 2020. Estos proyectos se han ejecutado en el grupo de investigación de Sistemas y Aplicaciones de Tiempo Real Distribuido (SATRD) del Departamento de Comunicaciones de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) / García García, A. (2024). Arquitectura de interoperabilidad para mejorar la gestión y coordinación de múltiples UXV y la toma de decisiones [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/204409