Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso sobre o Conselho de Acompanhamento e Controle Social (CACS) do Fundo de Manutenção e de Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério (Fundef) do Município de São Paulo, cuja perspectiva de análise foi identificar as ações de seus membros na realização das atividades do próprio Conselho e, desta forma, compreender quais foram as condições reais que tiveram para realizar o acompanhamento e o controle social das contas do Fundef no Município de São Paulo. Além disso, procurou analisar a dinâmica adotada por este Conselho para realizar suas funções de acordo com a legislação, por se tratar de um Conselho recente na história da Educação no Brasil. O estudo de caso foi realizado com material produzido, no período de 1998 a 2006, na forma de Atas das Reuniões e dos Relatórios Anuais. Entrevistas com membros do CACS serviram de complementação à análise efetuada na pesquisa. Como resultado do estudo, identificou-se que as quatro primeiras gestões não conseguiram analisar as respectivas contas do Fundef do município de São Paulo nos períodos correspondentes aos mandatos dos Conselheiros e somente a 5ª gestão conseguiu elaborar os Relatórios do seu período de mandato. Concluiu-se, ainda, que a atuação dos Conselheiros foi dificultada devido à falta de dados para a análise das contas, à morosidade da administração pública municipal em designar novos conselheiros, às dificuldades para a formação dos Conselheiros ao longo dos mandatos e às constantes substituições de membros, especialmente do segmento de pais. Apesar de ter efetivamente pouca interferência nas ações dos governos municipais, o CACS configura-se como um espaço importante para o debate acerca da Gestão Democrática do Financiamento da Educação. / The aim of this dissertation, which is a case study about the Council for the Accompaniment and Social Control (CACS) of the Fund for Development of Fundamental Education and Valorization of Teachers (FUNDEF) of the Municipality of São Paulo, is to investigate the actions of the Council Members while carrying out the activities of the Council and thus comprehend what the real conditions they had to carry out the accompaniment and the social control of FUNDEF\'s bills in the Municipality of São Paulo were. In addition to that, we also investigated the dynamics adopted by this Council to carry out its duties according to the Brazilian legislation, for being a recent-created Council in the Education history in Brazil. The case study was carried out using the Meeting Minutes and the Annual Reports written between the years of 1998 and 2006. Interviews with CACS members complemented this investigation. As a result of the study, it was possible to observe that during the first four managements they were not able to analyze FUNDEF\'s bills of the Municipality of São Paulo, only during the fifth management the Council Members were able to draw up a report of their management period. It was also observed that what hindered the Council Members\' performance was the lack of data to analyze the bills, the moroseness of the municipal public administration to name new Council Members, the troubles the Council Members have learning the Brazilian legislation and doing accounts during their managements, and the constant substitution of members, specially the segment of parents,. In spite of effectively having low interference in the actions of the Municipality Government, the Council (CACS) is an important place to discuss about the Democratic Management of the Education Financing.

Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso sobre o Conselho de Acompanhamento e Controle Social (CACS) do Fundo de Manutenção e de Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério (Fundef) do Município de São Paulo, cuja perspectiva de análise foi identificar as ações de seus membros na realização das atividades do próprio Conselho e, desta forma, compreender quais foram as condições reais que tiveram para realizar o acompanhamento e o controle social das contas do Fundef no Município de São Paulo. Além disso, procurou analisar a dinâmica adotada por este Conselho para realizar suas funções de acordo com a legislação, por se tratar de um Conselho recente na história da Educação no Brasil. O estudo de caso foi realizado com material produzido, no período de 1998 a 2006, na forma de Atas das Reuniões e dos Relatórios Anuais. Entrevistas com membros do CACS serviram de complementação à análise efetuada na pesquisa. Como resultado do estudo, identificou-se que as quatro primeiras gestões não conseguiram analisar as respectivas contas do Fundef do município de São Paulo nos períodos correspondentes aos mandatos dos Conselheiros e somente a 5ª gestão conseguiu elaborar os Relatórios do seu período de mandato. Concluiu-se, ainda, que a atuação dos Conselheiros foi dificultada devido à falta de dados para a análise das contas, à morosidade da administração pública municipal em designar novos conselheiros, às dificuldades para a formação dos Conselheiros ao longo dos mandatos e às constantes substituições de membros, especialmente do segmento de pais. Apesar de ter efetivamente pouca interferência nas ações dos governos municipais, o CACS configura-se como um espaço importante para o debate acerca da Gestão Democrática do Financiamento da Educação. / The aim of this dissertation, which is a case study about the Council for the Accompaniment and Social Control (CACS) of the Fund for Development of Fundamental Education and Valorization of Teachers (FUNDEF) of the Municipality of São Paulo, is to investigate the actions of the Council Members while carrying out the activities of the Council and thus comprehend what the real conditions they had to carry out the accompaniment and the social control of FUNDEF\'s bills in the Municipality of São Paulo were. In addition to that, we also investigated the dynamics adopted by this Council to carry out its duties according to the Brazilian legislation, for being a recent-created Council in the Education history in Brazil. The case study was carried out using the Meeting Minutes and the Annual Reports written between the years of 1998 and 2006. Interviews with CACS members complemented this investigation. As a result of the study, it was possible to observe that during the first four managements they were not able to analyze FUNDEF\'s bills of the Municipality of São Paulo, only during the fifth management the Council Members were able to draw up a report of their management period. It was also observed that what hindered the Council Members\' performance was the lack of data to analyze the bills, the moroseness of the municipal public administration to name new Council Members, the troubles the Council Members have learning the Brazilian legislation and doing accounts during their managements, and the constant substitution of members, specially the segment of parents,. In spite of effectively having low interference in the actions of the Municipality Government, the Council (CACS) is an important place to discuss about the Democratic Management of the Education Financing.

This research investigates why British Columbian local governments are motivated to implement Community Amenity Contributions (CACs). Local governments that are considering adopting a CAC policy may benefit from this report. Data was obtained from developers, planners and politicians through online surveys and semi-structured interviews. The survey was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the interview data was analyzed using content analysis. All participants viewed CACs as an effective means to raise revenue to pay for growth-related costs. All participants agreed that CACs are not used as a market-based planning tool to influence urban form. Four recommendations are made: 1) obtain Canadian empirical data on the impact of Development Charges 2) improve CACs by broadening the scope of provincial DCC legislation to include amenities now funded through CACs; 3) consider the market effects of CACs, especially on affordable housing; and 4) employ economists to analyze externalized costs of development for planning departments. / October 2015

Petroleum refineries emit a variety of airborne substances which may be harmful to human health. HEIDI II (Health Effects Indicators Decision Index II) is a computer-based decision analysis tool which assesses airborne emissions from Canada's oil refineries for reduction, based on ordinal ranking of estimated health impacts. The model was designed by a project team within NERAM (Network for Environmental Risk Assessment and Management) and assembled with significant stakeholder consultation. HEIDI II is publicly available as a deterministic Excel-based tool which ranks 31 air pollutants based on predicted disease incidence or estimated DALYS (disability adjusted life years). The model includes calculations to account for average annual emissions, ambient concentrations, stack height, meteorology/dispersion, photodegradation, and the population distribution around each refinery. Different formulations of continuous dose-response functions were applied to nonthreshold-acting air toxics, threshold-acting air toxics, and nonthreshold-acting CACs (criteria air contaminants). An updated probabilistic version of HEIDI II was developed using Matlab code to account for parameter uncertainty and identify key leverage variables. Sensitivity analyses indicate that parameter uncertainty in the model variables for annual emissions and for concentration-response/toxicological slopes have the greatest leverage on predicted health impacts. Scenario analyses suggest that the geographic distribution of population density around a refinery site is an important predictor of total health impact. Several ranking metrics (predicted case incidence, simple DALY, and complex DALY) and ordinal ranking approaches (deterministic model, average from Monte Carlo simulation, test of stochastic dominance) were used to identify priority substances for reduction; the results were similar in each case. The predicted impacts of primary and secondary particulate matter (PM) consistently outweighed those of the air toxics. Nickel, PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), sulphuric acid, and vanadium were consistently identified as priority air toxics at refineries where they were reported emissions. For many substances, the difference in rank order is indeterminate when parametric uncertainty and variability are considered.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-10T14:18:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TADEU FERNANDO DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PROFIAP-CCJS) 2016.pdf: 1247696 bytes, checksum: e5767cfb47e0319b481a6aa1965f4efc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T14:18:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TADEU FERNANDO DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PROFIAP-CCJS) 2016.pdf: 1247696 bytes, checksum: e5767cfb47e0319b481a6aa1965f4efc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O estudo que será apresentado tem como principal objetivo compreender a atuação dos membros do Conselho de Acompanhamento e Controle Social do Fundo de Manutenção da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação – CACS-FUNDEB, numa perspectiva de aprimorar as práticas de Controle Social no âmbito do município de Cerro Corá/RN. De caráter explicativo e abordagem quantitativa, adotou-se a estratégia de levantamento a fim de corroborar ou refutar as hipóteses delineadas nesta pesquisa, partindo-se do método indutivo de investigação. Desta forma, aplicou-se o instrumento de pesquisa em forma de questionário com os membros do conselho gestor a fim de descrever o seu perfil e a forma de atuação no conselho municipal relacionados aos processos de formulação, deliberação, implementação e avaliação de políticas públicas no contexto do conselho gestor em que atuam. O espaço amostral desta pesquisa contempla 15 (quinze) membros titulares e suplentes de um universo de 22 (vinte e dois) membros conselheiros. Assim, o estudo corrobora com a hipótese de que os conselheiros gestores padecem de sérias limitações quanto aos conhecimentos necessários para que se possam atingir os requisitos exigidos ao pleno funcionamento de um conselho gestor de políticas públicas. E ainda, que estas limitações são oriundas, em grande parte, da operacionalização incipiente do próprio conselho municipal. Os resultados desta pesquisa, portanto, contribuem para a conclusão de que a prática do controle social, partindo do estudo realizado junto a um Conselho Municipal gestor de políticas públicas está comprometida pela forma como o referido conselho vem atuando diante de todos os problemas por este órgão enfrentado, bem como pela atuação individual e coletiva dos membros que o compõe. / The study that will be presented aims to understand the role of the Board of Monitoring and Social Control of Basic Education Maintenance Fund and Value of Education Professionals - CACS-FUNDEB, with a view to improve the Social Control practices within the municipality of Cerro Cora/RN. Explanatory character and quantitative approach, adopted the survey strategy to corroborate or refute the hypotheses outlined in this research, starting from the inductive method of investigation. In this way, we applied the research instrument in the form of questionnaire with members of the management board in order to describe the profile and modus operandi in the city council related to the processes of formulation, decision, implementation and evaluation of public policies board manager context in which they operate. The sample space of this research includes fifteen (15) members and alternate members of a universe of 22 (twenty two) board members. Thus, the study confirms the hypothesis that managers suffer counselors serious limitations on the necessary knowledge so that they can meet the requirements for the full operation of a management board of public policy. And yet, these limitations are derived in large part, from the incipient operation of the own city council. The results of this research, therefore, contribute to the conclusion that the practice of social control from the study conducted with a Municipal Council manager of public policy is compromised by the way the board has been working on all the problems by this body faced, as well as the individual and collective action of the members that compose it.

Petroleum refineries emit a variety of airborne substances which may be harmful to human health. HEIDI II (Health Effects Indicators Decision Index II) is a computer-based decision analysis tool which assesses airborne emissions from Canada's oil refineries for reduction, based on ordinal ranking of estimated health impacts. The model was designed by a project team within NERAM (Network for Environmental Risk Assessment and Management) and assembled with significant stakeholder consultation. HEIDI II is publicly available as a deterministic Excel-based tool which ranks 31 air pollutants based on predicted disease incidence or estimated DALYS (disability adjusted life years). The model includes calculations to account for average annual emissions, ambient concentrations, stack height, meteorology/dispersion, photodegradation, and the population distribution around each refinery. Different formulations of continuous dose-response functions were applied to nonthreshold-acting air toxics, threshold-acting air toxics, and nonthreshold-acting CACs (criteria air contaminants). An updated probabilistic version of HEIDI II was developed using Matlab code to account for parameter uncertainty and identify key leverage variables. Sensitivity analyses indicate that parameter uncertainty in the model variables for annual emissions and for concentration-response/toxicological slopes have the greatest leverage on predicted health impacts. Scenario analyses suggest that the geographic distribution of population density around a refinery site is an important predictor of total health impact. Several ranking metrics (predicted case incidence, simple DALY, and complex DALY) and ordinal ranking approaches (deterministic model, average from Monte Carlo simulation, test of stochastic dominance) were used to identify priority substances for reduction; the results were similar in each case. The predicted impacts of primary and secondary particulate matter (PM) consistently outweighed those of the air toxics. Nickel, PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), sulphuric acid, and vanadium were consistently identified as priority air toxics at refineries where they were reported emissions. For many substances, the difference in rank order is indeterminate when parametric uncertainty and variability are considered.

La mise en finance de la dette d'Etat, et les crises auxquelles elle donne lieu, font de l'instauration d'un cadre juridique régissant la restructuration et le défaut des dettes d'Etat, un enjeu majeur pour l'Europe. En l'absence d'un droit européen de la « faillite » d'Etat, un régime de défaut a émergé sur le terrain de la pratique, dans les contrats d'emprunt d'Etat obligataires. Les Etats européens ont en effet privilégié une approche décentralisée et volontaire de la restructuration des dettes d'Etat : le contrat d'emprunt d'Etat établit les règles qui organisent les relations de dette entre les Etats débiteurs et leurs créanciers privés. Sous l'effet de l'intégration financière européenne, ce régime de défaut revêt des formes de plus en plus standardisées. Le présent travail consiste à identifier les éléments constitutifs du régime contractuel de défaut des Etats européens, à en apprécier le caractère idoine à l'aune des besoins de l'Etat et à en évaluer la portée. Il adopte pour ce faire une méthode pragmatique, basée sur une analyse empirique des contrats et une étude de cas.Il ressort de celles-ci que le régime de défaut contractuel des Etats européens conduit à l'abandon, l'érosion voire la suppression des prérogatives exorbitantes de droit commun qui étaient traditionnellement attachées à la qualité de souverain des Etats emprunteurs. D'une part, les Etats consentent, pour assurer l'attractivité de leurs titres de créance sur le marché européen très concurrentiel des dettes d'Etat, à adopter des dispositions attentatoires à leur souveraineté, qui les privent de la marge de manœuvre nécessaire à l'adoption de mesures de sauvegarde adaptées en cas de crise de la dette. D'autre part, les deux principaux fors compétents - les juridictions anglaises et new-yorkaises - ont consacré la force obligatoire des contrats d'emprunt d'Etat, lesquels priment les considérations d'intérêt général qui jadis fondaient le défaut souverain. En effet, la jurisprudence libérale de ces fors, favorables aux créanciers de l'Etat, ont encouragé la professionnalisation des requérants et le développement d'une industrie contentieuse du défaut d'Etat, communément désignée comme l'industrie des « fonds vautours». Les stratégies contentieuses agressives déployées par ces nouveaux acteurs ont permis d'obtenir la condamnation des Etats défaillants et des mesures de contrainte sur le terrain encore très préservé par l'immunité d'exécution des Etats. Cette thèse a ainsi pour enjeu, et s'inscrit, dans le débat contemporain relatif à la transformation de l'Etat européen sous le poids de son endettement. / Sovereign debts’ financiarization is a global phenomenon affecting a very substantial number of States in Europe. Nevertheless, European State insolvency has not been implemented. This legal loophole didn't lead to legal uncertainty : a State default's European regime has emerged from practical experience in sovereign debt contracts. Those contracts include harmonised standards : States adopted boilerplates with the aim of contributing to effective debt market and providing liquidity. Promotion and circulation of boilerplates have been made easier by the fact that many States turn to lawyers for their financial affairs. In fact, sovereign consultancy market remains concentrated among a few major law firms. Given the spread of sovereign debt crisis, which also affected developed economies, contract « as statute » has become a major issue for all democracies. The first part intends to identify and map European boilerplates, reflecting regional particularities ; to analyse them and assess their effectiveness and efficiency in crisis conditions. The second analyses the case law that has developed over the years regarding sovereign debt contract. The European States' default contractual regime had led to the dismissal of prerogatives derogating from the generally applicable rules of law, which States used to enjoy within their financing operations. This research has both practical and prospective dimensions, aiming at putting forward proposals to deal with sovereign debt crisis.