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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
911

Ferramenta para modelagem de sistemas de comunicação. / Tool for modeling communication systems.

Zapata, Catalina 06 August 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta para a simulação de sistemas de comunicação utilizando modelos em alto nível para cada um dos blocos empregados. A ferramenta é baseada em modelos comportamentais de blocos de Radio Freqüência (RF), o que reduz custos, tempo de simulação e permite um rápido diagnóstico de problemas precoces no projeto de um sistema de comunicação sem fio. O desenvolvimento de blocos, como o LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), o MIXER, o LO (Oscillator Local) e o PA (Power Amplifier), facilita a implementação de qualquer arquitetura de Transmissão e de Recepção. Para isso foram levados em consideração efeitos de ruído, não linearidade e ganho no modelo dos blocos. Com isto se espera que a ferramenta ajude no projeto de circuitos integrados de um sistema de blocos em cascata, onde o usuário possa selecionar, configurar e simular o sistema. Na utilização da ferramenta é indispensável um conhecimento prévio das características e especificações em nível de sistema. Assim, se poderão fazer mudanças nos parâmetros de blocos, que permitirá então analisar compromissos existentes entre ruído, ganho e distorção do sinal através de todo o caminho, antes mesmo de se ter uma resposta definitiva. A ferramenta de simulação é implementada em Simulink, que é um pacote (toolbox) de Matlab, amplamente utilizado no desenvolvimento de algoritmos e blocos de comunicação. A interação e ambiente gráfico da ferramenta facilitam o uso pelas pessoas envolvidas direta e indiretamente com o projeto de circuitos. Finalmente, para verificar a ferramenta desenvolvida foi feito um estudo de caso, onde se modelou e simulou o padrão Bluetooth. / This work presents a tool for the simulation of Communication Systems using macromodels for each block used. The tool is based on behavioral models of Radio Frequency (RF) blocks, which minimize cost, simulation time and allows a fast determination of problems in the early phases of the design of a Wireless Communication System. The development of blocks like the LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), the MIXER, the LO (Local Oscillator) and the PA (Power Amplifier), helps to implement any architecture for transmission and reception. For that, the effects of noise, non-linearity and gain in the behavioral model of the blocks were considered. With this, it is expected that the tool will help the design of integrated circuits of a system with cascade blocks, where the user can select, set up and simulate the system. In order to use the tool, previous knowledge of the characteristics and specifications of the system is necessary. In this way, it will be possible to change the parameters of blocks, allowing the analysis of tradeoffs between noise, gain and distortion of the signal through the system, before having a definite answer. The tool is implemented in Simulink, which is a toolbox of Matlab, normally used in the development of communication blocks and algorithms. The graphic environment of the tool allows a straightforward use for people involved directly or indirectly with the Circuit Design. Finally, in order to verify the developed tool, a case study was performed where the Bluetooth standard was modeled and simulated.
912

The capability and accuracy of the CEREC CAD/CAM system to fabricate custom posts by direct scanning of simulated canal blocks in vitro

Bahabri, Rayan 28 September 2016 (has links)
Dentists have been using CAD/CAM technology to fabricate custom posts and cores. However, most of these cases used impression material as a way to indirectly scan the canal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of CEREC CAM/CAM machine to directly scan simulated canal blocks without an impression and which of the following factors affected the accuracy of fit; taper, length and tip diameter. Material and methods: 32 epoxy resin blocks with post space simulator were made from metal post templates to resemble post space preparations. Three factors were considered in-group variations; length of the post, taper and diameter of the post’s tip. Eight groups of four specimens each were milled from acrylic blocks using the CEREC CAD/CAM system and one extra group of one specimen each was for cast post fabrication. Group A (Length = 8mm, taper = 4o, tip diameter = 0.8mm), Group B (Length = 8mm, taper = 4o, tip diameter = 1 mm), Grope C (Length = 8mm, taper = 6o, tip diameter = 0.8mm), Group D (Length = 8mm, taper = 6o, tip diameter = 1 mm), Group E (Length = 10 mm, taper = 4o, tip diameter = 0.8mm), Group F (Length = 10 mm, taper = 4o, tip diameter = 1 mm), Grope G (Length = 10mm, taper = 6o, tip diameter = 0.8mm), Group H (Length = 10mm, taper = 6o, tip diameter = 1mm). Each block, with its cemented post was sectioned in a coronal-apical direction. An image was recorded for each slice. Cement thicknesses were measured in four areas. The results showed that group E and D have the smallest cement thickness with 84 and 89 microns respectively. Both groups shared a tip diameter of 1mm. This result is within the clinically acceptable limit of the cement layer around the posts and is comparable to the cast group in our study. Tip diameter and length significantly affected the cement thickness in an inverse relationship.
913

Modelo superficie-trayectoria: un modelo geométrico para el diseño y la fabricación de objetos tridimensionales

Molina-Carmona, Rafael 29 July 2002 (has links)
No description available.
914

Utiliza??o do laser de diodo como alternativa no tratamento de superf?cie em restaura??es CAD/CAM

Bettinelli, Juliana Doncatto 10 January 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-05-25T14:55:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_JULIANA_DONCATTO_BETTINELLI_COMPLETO.pdf: 2435463 bytes, checksum: 80f6606ba1ecc5861b22ef0b6b9e87de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T14:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_JULIANA_DONCATTO_BETTINELLI_COMPLETO.pdf: 2435463 bytes, checksum: 80f6606ba1ecc5861b22ef0b6b9e87de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Since the 1970s, the application of the CAD / CAM technique has been suggested in the dental clinic with the aim of simplifying, automating and guaranteeing quality levels with micrometric adaptations of our dental prostheses4,5. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the diode laser as an alternative to hydrofluoric acid and aluminum oxide blasting compared to the machining process in the surface treatment of the following restorative materials: hybrid ceramics, nanoceramic resin, reinforced lithium silicate ceramics by zirconia, feldspathic ceramics, vitreous ceramics with crystalline structure of lithium disilicate, vitreous ceramics with crystalline structure of leucite. A specimen was prepared for each of the seven CAD / CAM restorative materials; And, this was divided into four parts. The dimensions of the specimens were 1cm in length and 1cm in width, in the thickness of 1mm, color A2. The surface area of the specimen was subdivided into quadrants; (A) was applied to the diode laser, (B) received the blasting of aluminum oxide, (C) received the application of hydrofluoric acid (5 or 10%) or cleaning with isopropyl alcohol (10%); As indicated by the manufacturer, (D) no conditioning was applied and the surface passed through the machining process only. Images were taken at a 15,000- fold increase (SEM). For the surface roughness test, ten measurements were taken, with cut-off 0.25. Statistical data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test. Knowing the need to seek new alternatives of a conditioning protocol on the surface of restorative materials in CAD / CAM, it was highly effective, fast, simplified and mainly safe. It can be stated that the use of the diode laser seems to be feasible for the surface treatment of ceramic with crystalline structure of lecithin Empress CAD and ceramic feldspathic Cerec Blocs CAD / CAM, as it produced changes in the surface of these ceramics studied. / Desde a d?cada de setenta, a aplica??o da t?cnica CAD/CAM vem sendo sugerida na cl?nica odontol?gica com o objetivo de simplificar, automatizar e garantir n?veis de qualidade com adapta??es microm?tricas das nossas pr?teses dent?rias4,5. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do laser de diodo, como alternativa ao ?cido fluor?drico e jateamento com ?xido de alum?nio em compara??o ao processo de usinagem no tratamento superficial dos seguintes materiais restauradores: cer?mica h?brida, resina nanocer?mica, cer?mica de silicato de l?tio refor?ada por zirc?nia, cer?mica feldsp?tica, cer?mica v?trea com estrutura cristalina de dissilicato de l?tio, cer?mica v?trea com estrutura cristalina de leucita. Foi confeccionado um corpo de prova para cada um dos sete materiais restauradores em CAD/CAM; e, este foi dividido em quatro partes. As dimens?es dos corpos de prova foram de 1 cm de comprimento por 1cm de largura, na espessura de 1mm, cor A2. A ?rea de superf?cie do corpo-de-prova foi subdivida em quadrantes; de forma que em (A) foi aplicado o laser de diodo, (B) recebeu o jateamento de ?xido de alum?nio, (C) recebeu a aplica??o de ?cido fluor?drico (5 ou 10%) ou limpeza com ?lcool isoprop?lico (10%); conforme indica??o do fabricante, (D) n?o foi aplicado condicionamento e a superf?cie passou apenas pelo processo de usinagem. Foram realizadas imagens no aumento de 15.000 vezes (MEV). Para o teste de rugosidade superficial, foram tomadas dez medidas, com cut-off (valor de corte) 0,25. Os dados estat?sticos obtidos foram submetidos ? ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey. Sabendo-se da necessidade de buscar novas alternativas de um protocolo de condicionamento na superf?cie dos materiais restauradores em CAD/CAM, que fosse altamente eficaz, r?pido, simplificado e principalmente seguro. Pode-se afirmar que a utiliza??o do laser de diodo parece ser vi?vel para o tratamento superficial da cer?mica v?trea com estrutura cristalina de leucita Empress CAD e cer?mica feldsp?tica Cerec Blocs CAD/CAM, pois produziu altera??es na superf?cie destas cer?micas estudadas.
915

Restaura??es endocrown produzidas em CAD/CAM : ensaio de carga m?xima de fratura e an?lise do padr?o de falha

Oliveira, P?mella Tomazi Godoy de 25 January 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-15T15:35:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 P?MELLA_TOMAZI_GODOY_DE_OLIVEIRA_DIS.pdf: 1304084 bytes, checksum: caf3b44234731105c91e07d645c0f956 (MD5) / Rejected by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido porque o sum?rio do pdf est? desconfigurado. on 2018-03-28T11:41:16Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-25T13:25:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 P?MELLA_TOMAZI_GODOY_DE_OLIVEIRA_DIS.pdf: 1304084 bytes, checksum: caf3b44234731105c91e07d645c0f956 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T16:26:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 P?MELLA_TOMAZI_GODOY_DE_OLIVEIRA_DIS.pdf: 1304084 bytes, checksum: caf3b44234731105c91e07d645c0f956 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T16:31:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 P?MELLA_TOMAZI_GODOY_DE_OLIVEIRA_DIS.pdf: 1304084 bytes, checksum: caf3b44234731105c91e07d645c0f956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Aims: to evaluate in vitro the fracture strength and failure pattern of endocrown restorations performed with Incoris TZI ceramics, Celta Duo and Empress CAD cemented on endodontically treated molars. Materials and methods: forty extracted sound molars were randomly distributed into 4 groups (n = 10). After being endodontically treated, they were restored with endocrowns carried out through the CEREC system with three different materials: Empress CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent), Celta Duo (Dentsply/Sirona) or Incoris TZI (Dentsply/Sirona). After, they were subjected to mechanical fatigue testing with vertical load application of 200N, totalling 500,000 cycles. Subsequently, the samples were submitted to the maximum fracture load under compressive force on the long axis of the tooth at cross-head speed of 1mm/min.. After the fracture strength testing the fracture patterns were evaluated being classified as repairable (cusps) or irreparable (pulp chamber floor rupture). Results: Sound: 4306Na ? 716.5; Incoris TZI: 3770NAb ? 846; Empress CAD: 1994Nc ? 498.5; Celta Duo: 3298Nb ? 1121. The Incoris TZI and Celta Duo presented the same proportion of irreparable fractures, 60%. The Empress Cad presented the same proportion for the repairable and irreparable fractures (50%). Conclusion: The Incoris TZI presented higher fracture strength, followed by Celta Duo, but did not differ statistically. In turn, the Empress CAD differed statistically from the others presenting lower fracture strength. The Incoris TZI and Celta Duo presented the same prognosis of failures with predominance of irreparable failures. / Objetivos: avaliar in vitro a resist?ncia ? fratura e o padr?o de falha de restaura??es endocrown realizadas com as cer?micas inCoris TZI, Celtra Duo e Empress CAD cimentadas sobre molares tratados endodonticamente. Materiais e m?todos: quarenta dentes molares h?gidos extra?dos foram distribu?dos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=10). Ap?s serem endodonticamente tratados, foram restaurados com endocrowns realizadas atrav?s do sistema CEREC/InLab (Sirona) com tr?s diferentes materiais: Empress CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent), Celtra Duo (Dentsply/Sirona) ou inCoris TZI (Dentsply/Sirona). Ap?s, foram submetidos ? fadiga mec?nica com aplica??o de carga vertical de 200N, totalizando 500.000 ciclos. Posteriormente, foi testada a carga m?xima de fratura com for?a compressiva no longo eixo do dente sob velocidade de 1mm/min.. Ap?s o ensaio foram avaliados os padr?es de fratura e classificados em repar?veis (c?spides) ou irrepar?veis (assoalho da c?mara pulpar). Resultados: H?gidos: 4306Na ? 716,5; inCoris TZI: 3770Nab ? 846; Empress CAD:1994Nc ? 498,5; Celtra Duo: 3298Nb ? 1121. O grupo inCoris TZI e Celtra Duo apresentaram a mesma propor??o de fraturas irrepar?veis, 60%. O grupo Empress Cad apresentou a mesma propor??o para as fraturas repar?veis e irrepar?veis (50%). Conclus?o: O grupo inCoris TZI apresentou maior resist?ncia ? fratura, seguido do grupo Celtra Duo, mas n?o diferiram estatisticamente. Por sua vez, a cer?mica Empress CAD diferiu estatisticamente das demais apresentando menor valor de resist?ncia ? fratura. O grupo Incoris TZI e Celtra Duo apresentaram o mesmo progn?stico de falhas com predomin?ncia de falhas irrepar?veis.
916

Avalia??o da libera??o de bisfenol A em blocos de materiais dent?rios para CAD/CAM

Carvalho, Ligia Maria Nogarett Pibernat de 25 April 2017 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-01T13:46:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LIGIA_MARIA_NOGARETT_PIBERNAT_DE_CARVALHO_TES.pdf: 602746 bytes, checksum: 5e6dcc81b20622b739f9ab98624f9a66 (MD5) / Rejected by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido ? falta da capa institucional no arquivo em PDF. on 2018-06-11T12:41:58Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T17:29:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LIGIA_MARIA_NOGARETT_PIBERNAT_DE_CARVALHO_TES.pdf: 1308142 bytes, checksum: e3ba9abe3c75e3384b12c1a64fbba5dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-22T11:52:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LIGIA_MARIA_NOGARETT_PIBERNAT_DE_CARVALHO_TES.pdf: 1308142 bytes, checksum: e3ba9abe3c75e3384b12c1a64fbba5dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-22T12:01:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIGIA_MARIA_NOGARETT_PIBERNAT_DE_CARVALHO_TES.pdf: 1308142 bytes, checksum: e3ba9abe3c75e3384b12c1a64fbba5dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aim of the present study was to asses the present of Bisphenol A in dental material used on CAD/CAM block.For this In Vitro study, blocks for CAD-CAM, Lava Ultimate, Enamic and Mark II in standardized fragments containeing Bisphenol A were evaluated. Ten fragments of each block were made: n = 30, immersed in deionized water on group 1 and artificial saliva Kin Hidrat on group 2 in a light protected bottle.Stored in a culture stove for 24 hours, all samples were put in 1,5ml bottles containing 1,0ml of artificial saliva (KIN HIDRAT, PharmaKIN, S?o Paulo, Brazil ) on group 1 and deionized water on group 2, and then freezed in -80?C for 24 hours. After the 24 hour period, the samples were submitted to High Efficiency Chromatography on Toxicology and Pharmacology Institute of PUCRS as methodology described on this study.After cromatographic analysis of groups 1 and 2, the non-release of Bisphenol A was observed in all groups of samples tested. All groups and samples presented peak release of unidentified substance of different molecular weight and different breaking time than the Bisphenol A standard. Additional researches using other analysis methods are needed to examine the cumulative estrogenic effects of Bisphenol A dental materials for CAD CAM and composite resins. / O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o componente Bisfenol A presente em blocos de materiais dent?rios utilizados no sistema CAD/CAM quanto a libera??o ou n?o de Bisfenol A. Foram avaliados para a realiza??o deste estudo in vitro, blocos para CAD/CAM, Lava Ultimate, Enamic e Mark II, em fragmentos padronizados, cuja matriz de resina composta continha Bisfenol A. Foram confeccionados 10 fragmentos de cada um dos blocos: n = 30, imerso em ?gua deionizada no grupo 1 e saliva artificial KinHidrat no grupo 2 em frasco protegido da luz. Armazenadas em estufa por 24hs,todas as amostras, ap?s o periodo de 24hs, foram armazenadas em recipientes de 1,5ml contendo 1,0 ml de saliva artificial (KIN HIDRAT,PharmaKIN, S?o Paulo, Brasil ) no grupo 1 e ?gua deionizada no grupo 2 e ap?s congeladas ? - 80?C por 24hs. Decorrido o per?odo de 24h, as amostras foram submetidas a cromatografia de alta efici?ncia (HPLC) no Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia da PUCRS com metodologia descrita no estudo.Ap?s an?lise cromatogr?fica dos grupos 1 e 2 observou- se a n?o libera??o de Bisfenol A em nenhum dos grupos de amostras testadas.Todos os grupos e amostras apresentaram pico de libera??o de subst?ncia n?o identificada de diferente peso molecular e diferente tempo de quebra do padr?o de Bisfenol A. Pesquisas adicionais, empregando outros m?todos de an?lise s?o necess?rias para examinar os efeitos estrog?nicos cumulativos do Bisfenol A de materiais dent?rios para CAD/CAM e resinas compostas.
917

Síntese automática do leiaute usando o ASTRAN

Moura, Gisell Borges January 2017 (has links)
O trabalho usa a síntese do leiaute através do ASTRAN em circuitos que foram otimizados através da técnica de SCCG (Static CMOS Complex Gates) visando alcançar reduções em número de transistores. A metodologia apresentada permite a flexibilidade de utilizar células de quaisquer tamanho ou redes de transistores nos circuito otimizados. O trabalho compara estes circuitos otimizados pela método do ASTRAN e circuitos utilizando a metodologia standard cell. O fluxo de síntese é composto pelas etapas de otimização da netlist, verificação/extração e caracterização da células. O trabalho adaptou as tecnologias de fabricação CMOS de 600nm e 180nm para a ferramenta ASTRAN a partir das informações dos design kits das bibliotecas stantard cell XC06 e XC018 da XFAB. A síntese do leiaute das células complexas geradas é realizada pela ferramenta ASTRAN. Os experimentos foram realizados nas tecnologias de 180nm e 600nm para um conjunto de circuitos de bechmarks do ITC’99. As comparações foram realizadas entre a netlist otimizada e duas netlists geradas para cada biblioteca da XFAB. Uma netlist abrange todas as células da biblioteca e a outra tem uma restrição de células que são consideradas complexas (somadores, multiplexadores, XOR/XNOR, AOI e OAI). A netlist com restrições foi elaborada com a motivação de verificar se uma netlist com células complexas geradas exclusivamente para o circuito alvo se tornaria mais benéfico em termos de redução do número de transistores. Os resultados para 180nm apresentaram reduções nos melhores casos em número de transistores com até 15%, em potência dinâmica com até 24% e em potência de leakage com até 22%. Os resultados para 600nm apresentaram reduções nos melhores casos em número de transistores com até 17%, em área com até 14%, em potência dinâmica com até 22%, em potência de leakage com até 29%. Os experimentos mostraram que é possível alcançar reduções em número de transistores ao combinar o uso do ASTRAN com a técnica de otimização pelo uso de SCCG. / The work uses the synthesis of the layout through ASTRAN in circuits that have been optimized through the SCCG technique (Static CMOS Complex Gates) in order to achieve reductions in the number of transistors. The presented methodology allows the flexibility of using cells of any size or transistor networks in the optimized circuits. The work compares these circuits optimized by the ASTRAN method and circuits using the standard cell methodology. The synthesis flow is composed by the netlist optimization, verification / extraction and cell characterization steps. The work adapted 600nm and 180nm CMOS fabrication technologies for the ASTRAN tool from the design information of the XFAB standard cell XC06 and XC018 libraries. The synthesis of the complex cells generated is performed by the ASTRAN tool. The experiments were performed on the 180nm and 600nm technologies for a set of ITC'99 bechmarks circuits. Comparisons were made between the optimized netlist and two netlists generated for each XFAB library. A netlist covers all cells in the library and the other netlist has a restriction of cells that are considered complex (adders, multiplexers, XOR / XNOR, AOI, and OAI). The netlist with restrictions was designed with the motivation to check if a netlist with complex cells generated exclusively for the target circuit would become more beneficial in terms of reducing the number of transistors. The results for 180nm showed reductions in the best cases in the number of transistors with up to 15%, in dynamic power up to 24% and in leakage power with up to 22%. The results for 600nm showed reductions in the best cases in the number of transistors with up to 17%, in an area up to 14%, in dynamic power with up to 22%, in leakage power with up to 29%. The experiments showed that it is possible to achieve reductions in the number of transistors by combining the use of ASTRAN with the optimization technique using SCCG.
918

Quantification of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging perfusion in the clinical setting at 3T

Papanastasiou, Georgios January 2016 (has links)
Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well-established as a non-invasive method for qualitatively detecting obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) which can impair myocardial blood flow and may result in myocardial infarction. Mathematical modelling of cardiac DCE-MRI data can provide quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow. Quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow may have merit in further stratification of patients with obstructive CAD and to improve the diagnosis and prognostication of the disease in the clinical setting. This thesis investigates the development of a quantitative analysis protocol for cardiac DCE-MRI data. In the first study presented in this thesis, Fermi and distributed parameter (DP) modelling are compared in single bolus versus dual bolus analysis. For model-based myocardial blood flow quantification, the convolution of a model with the arterial input function (i.e. contrast agent concentration-time curve extracted from the left ventricular cavity) is fitted to the tissue contrast agent concentration-time curve. In contrast to dual bolus DCE-MRI protocols, single bolus protocols reduce patient discomfort and acquisition protocol duration/complexity but, are prone to arterial input function saturation caused in the left ventricular cavity by the high concentration of contrast agent during bolus passage. Saturation effects can degrade the accuracy of quantification using Fermi modelling. The analysis presented in this study showed that DP modelling is less dependent on arterial input function saturation than Fermi modelling in eight healthy volunteers. In a pilot cohort of five patients, DP modelling detected for the first time reduced myocardial blood flow in all stenotic vessels versus standard clinical assessments. In the second study, it was investigated whether first-pass DP modelling can give accurate myocardial blood flow, against ideal values generated by numerical simulations. Unlike Fermi modelling which is convolved with only the first-pass range of the arterial input function, DP modelling is convolved with the entire contrast agent concentration-time course. In noisy and/or dual bolus data, it can be particularly challenging to identify the end point of the first-pass in the arterial input function. This study demonstrated that contrary to Fermi modelling, myocardial blood flow analysis using DP modelling does not depend on the number of time points used for fitting. Furthermore, this data suggests that DP modelling can reduce the quantitative variability caused by subjectivity in selection of the first-pass range in cardiac MR data. This in turn may help to facilitate the development of more automated software algorithms for myocardial blood flow quantification. In the third study, Fermi and DP modelling were compared against invasive clinical assessments and visual MR estimates, to assess their diagnostic ability in detecting obstructive CAD. A single bolus DCE-MRI protocol was implemented in twentyfour patients. In per vessel analysis, DP modelling reached superior sensitivity and negative predictive value in detecting obstructive CAD compared to Fermi modelling and visual estimates. In per patient analysis, DP modelling reached the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value in detecting obstructive CAD. These studies show that DP modelling analysis of cardiac single bolus DCE-MRI data can provide important functional information and can establish haemodynamic biomarkers to non-invasively improve the diagnosis and prognostication of obstructive CAD.
919

Análise experimental de aduelas pré-moldadas em concreto de alto desempenho para passarelas estaiadas / Theoretical and experimental analysis of precast barrel staves in high performance concrete

Conceição, Rodrigo Vieira da 19 March 2008 (has links)
Embora a utilização do concreto de alto desempenho (CAD) para a fabricação de elementos pré-moldados seja frequentemente usado na construção civil, o presente trabalho apresenta um estudo do emprego de microconcreto em aduelas tubulares de pequenas espessuras protendidas dentro de critérios fabris, com materiais regionais, a fim de repassar para a iniciativa privada os resultados colhidos das análises já elaboradas. As aduelas servirão para compor o tabuleiro de passarelas estaiadas, com a intenção de projetar uma estrutura que, além de harmônica aos olhos e arrojada, também seja econômica, pois se aplicando a protensão nas aduelas que formam o tabuleiro, pode-se explorar uma das características que os concretos de alto desempenho e resistência têm de melhor, que é a resistência à compressão (> 80MPa). Os materiais utilizados na dosagem do microconcreto para a confecção dos elementos em escala real, foram os seguintes: CP V ARI RS, sílica de ferro-silício em substituição volumétrica ao cimento em 10%, três tipos de areias de cava da região para o melhor empacotamento das partículas reduzindo os vazios, pedrisco basáltico com dimensão máxima de 9,5 mm em consonância com as características geométricas do elemento estrutural e da armadura e um superplastificante para atingir a consistência desejada. Levaram-se em conta na produção desse trabalho os recentes desenvolvidos havidos na reologia dos concretos frescos, ação da carbonatação e ação de cloretos. A consistência do concreto foi um fator importante para a determinação do traço, pois o concreto foi lançado nos moldes a uma altura de 2,40 m, permanecendo coeso. A concretagem foi realizada através de betonadas consecutivas para o total preenchimento do molde, onde em todas as betonadas foram realizadas a mesma seqüência de mistura pré-estabelecida. Foram moldadas duas aduelas em escala real, as quais foram estudadas seguindo a simulação do processo de montagem e uso da passarela, a fim de se analisar as solicitações atuantes e as formas de ruína das aduelas acopladas. As resistências mecânicas dos corpos-de-prova foram analisadas nas idades de 1, 3, 7, 28, 63 e 91 dias, cujos resultados de resistência à compressão simples, compressão diametral e o módulo de elasticidade atingiram ao previsto no projeto. O acabamento superficial, o tempo de lançamento, adensamento, desforma, cura e o transporte foram adequados para o reaproveitamento dos moldes. Com os resultados obtidos das análises realizadas com os dois módulos do tabuleiro, verificou-se a possibilidade de construir passarelas com elementos tubulares de pequena espessura protendidos com barras de Dywidag pelo sistema de protensão proposto. Verificou-se também uma pequena amplitude das deformações e deslocamentos das aduelas no processo de montagem e uso da passarela, assim como no transporte das aduelas. Não foram observadas a formação de quaisquer tipos de fissuras durante todo o processo envolvido, quais sejam, desmoldagem, estocagem, transporte, lançamento e utilização simulada. / Although the use of high performance concrete (HPC) for precast elements manufacture is frequently used in civil construction, this work presents a study of the utilization of microconcrete in prestressed small thicknesses tubular barrel stave, in manufacturing criteria, with regional materials, in order to repass to private initiative the already elaborated analyses results. Barrel stave will serve to compose cable-stayed footbridge deck, with the intent to project a structure that, beyond pleasant and bold, must be also economic, therefore applying prestress in barrel stave to form the deck, it\'s possible to explored the most important high performance and strength concrete characteristics, the compressive strength (> 80MPa). The used materials to design a microconcrete for the elements confection in real scale, are the following: CP V ARI RS, ferrosilicon silica fume in 10% volumetric substitution to the cement, three types of regional sands for optimum particles packing to reduce the emptinesses, 9,5 mm basaltic grave in accord with the geometric characteristics of the structural element and reinforcement, and superplasticizer additives to reach the desired consistency. Recent researches about fresh concrete rheology, carbonation and chloride action had been taken in account in the production of this work. The consistency was an important factor for concrete design, therefore the concrete would be was launched in 2,40 m height molds, remaining united. The molding was carried through consecutive load concrete mixer operation for the total fulfilling of the mold, where in all load of a concrete mixer had been carried through the same sequence of pre-established mixture. Two were molded barrel stave full scale, which were studied in the simulation of process of assembly and use of footbridge in order to examine the requests engaged in the forms of ruin from barrel stave coupled. The mechanical strength of the samples had been analyzed in ages of 1, 3, 7, 28, 63 and 91 days, whose results of simple compressive strength, diametrical compression and the modulus of elasticity had reached to the foreseen in project. The superficial finishing, the time of launching, compacting, desmoulding, cure and the transport had been adjusted for molds reuse. With the results of analyses conducted with two modules of deck, there was the possibility of building footbridges with tubular elements of small thickness prestressed with bars of Dywidag the system protention proposed. There was also a small extent of deformation and displacement of barrel stave in process of assembly and use of footbridge as well as the transport of barrel stave. Not been observed the formation of any types of cracks during all the involved process, which are, desmoulding, storage, transport, launching and simulated use.
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Investigação de formatos e compressão de imagens digitais para processamento de imagens mamográficas de mamas densas / not available

Escarpinati, Mauricio Cunha 25 March 2002 (has links)
O presente projeto de pesquisa trata da investigação das características de imagens digitais em termos dos diversos formatos e tipos de compressão a fim de verificar seu efeito no desempenho de esquemas de processamento de mamogramas digitalizadas. Em função disso, uma avaliação preliminar sobre os aspectos da digitalização de imagens radiográficas - propriedades e características de digitalizadores e softwares gerenciadores da aquisição da imagem digitalizada - é parte integrante dessa pesquisa. Muitos pesquisadores experientes em todo o mundo consideram que, para detecção eficiente das principais estruturas de interesse na mamografia, como as microcalcificações, os métodos de processamento necessitam de imagens digitalizadas com, pelo menos, 10 bits e resolução espacial em torno de 0,1 mm. Esses requisitos -sobretudo o nível de quantização na conversão A/D - não são facilmente encontrados em muitos digitalizadores comerciais, além de não serem atingidos pela maioria dos monitores de vídeo disponíveis nos computadores utilizados para a aplicação daquelas técnicas. Por isso, a finalidade dessa pesquisa é propor, a partir da análise dessas características de digitalização e dos diversos formatos de imagens digitais geradas nesse processo, um modelo ótimo para ser utilizado com diversas técnicas de processamento desenvolvidos para a detecção e caracterização de microcalcificações mamárias. Além disso, como a imagem de mama densa é um dos grandes problemas para adequada identificação de estruturas suspeitas, esse trabalho voltar-se-á para esse tipo de imagem. / The present work is about the investigation of digital images characteristics in terms of its several formats and compression techniques in order to evaluate your effect on the performance of mammography image processing schemes. Thus, a preliminary evaluation of radiographic images digitization aspects - digitizers and image acquisition softwares properties and characteristics - is also part of this work. Many experienced researchers al over the world consider that, for the detection of the main interest structures of a mammography, as microcalcifications, the image processing schemes needs digital images with, at least, 10 bits and about 0.1 mm of spatial resolution. Those requirements - in special the A/D converter sample rate - are not easily found in many commercial digitizers, besides they are not reached by most of the available computers monitors used for the application of those techniques. Therefore, this work is about to purpose, starting from the analysis of the digitization characteristics and of the several digital images formats generated in that process, the best model to be used with several processing techniques developed for the detection and characterization of breast microcalcifications. Besides, as dense breast image is one of the greatest problem for appropriate identification of suspicious structures, this work will focus on this image type.

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