In a foundational paper “Operators Possesing an Open Set of Eigenvalues” written several decades ago, Cowen and Douglas showed that an operator T on a Hilbert space ‘H possessing an open set Ω C of eigenvalues determines a holomorphic Hermitian vector bundle ET . One of the basic theorems they prove states that the unitary equivalence class of the operator T and the equivalence class of the holomorphic Hermitian vector bundle ET are in one to one correspondence. This correspondence appears somewhat mysterious until one detects the invariants for the vector bundle ET in the operator T and vice-versa. Fortunately, this is possible in some cases. Thus they point out that if the operator T possesses the additional property that the dimension of the eigenspace at ω is 1 for all ω Ω then the map ω ker(T - ω) admits a non-zero holomorphic section, say γ, and therefore defines a line bundle on Ω. As is well known, the curvature defined by the formula is a complete invariant for the line bundle . On the other hand, define and note that NT (ω)2 = 0. It follows that if T is unitarily equivalent to T˜, then the corresponding operators NT (ω) and NT˜(ω) are unitarily equivalent for all ω Ω. However, Cowen and Douglas prove the non-trivial converse, namely that if NT (ω) and NT˜(ω) are unitarily equivalent for all ω Ω then T and T˜ are unitarily equivalent. What does this have to do with the line bundles and .To answer this question, we must ask what is a complete invariant for the unitary equivalence class of the operator NT (ω). To find such a complete invariant we represent NT (ω) with respect to the orthonormal basis obtained from the two linearly independent vectors γ(ω),∂γ(ω) by Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process. Then an easy computation shows that It then follows that is a complete invariant for NT (ω), ω Ω. This explains the relationship between the line bundle and the operator T in an explicit manner. Subsequently, in the paper ”Operators Possesing an Open Set of Eigenvalues”, Cowen and Douglas define a class of commuting operators possessing an open set of eigenvalues and attempt to provide similar computations as above. However, they give the details only for a pair of commuting operators. While the results of that paper remain true in the case of an arbitrary n tuple of commuting operators, it requires additional effort which we explain in this thesis.

Analysis of current situation in a private company and proposal of steps for application of controlling praxis. The thesis is focused on costs management, calculations, analysis of products rentability, management of cost centers, short and long term budgeting.

The presented diploma thesis deals with calculation as the main tool used to manage company's value chain with emphasis on use in costing system. First chapters of the thesis define basic terms, principles and costing methods. After company's introduction in the opening of the analytic part of the thesis, actions managers undertake and techniques they use to control costs will be reviewed. Further, a cost analysis throughout the value chain will be performed. The performed systems analysis will result in formulation of conclusions and recommendations. The aim of the thesis is to build a desirable structure of management information system generating financial as well as other types of information that will assist managers in controlling the production process, achieving different purposes and making qualified decisions. First, I will suggest approach changes, suitable steps and measures that will restructure the information system so that it will provide managers with adequate information about costs throughout the value chain. Further, I will recommend appropriate costing techniques and other management tools that will help to improve the quality of cost management. It will also contribute to build up the financial strength and competitive advantage of the company in long term. The content of the analytic part is not public because access to sensitive and confidential information might adversely affect the company's business.

The numerical solution of elliptic boundary value problems on rectangular regions with Dirichlet boundary conditions is considered. The well-known finite difference scheme is used to discretize the continuous problem. The solution is now expressed as the unknown vector in a high order matrix equation. In general, efficient direct methods for obtaining the solution of the matrix equation are not known. There are several well-known iteration schemes commonly used to solve such problems. The main disadvantage of these methods is that the number of computations which are required to solve the matrix equation increases in a nonlinear way with the number of equations to be solved. Stone's original and symmetric strongly implicit factorization procedure are considered. The known results concerning the convergence properties of each iteration are presented. A new result concerning the symmetric factorization is presented and the results of numerical investigations are presented. / Science, Faculty of / Mathematics, Department of / Graduate

The aim of this dissertation thesis is to improve price calculation used in the national accounts. The first chapter contains a description of indices and their use in the system of the national accounts. The second chapter is focused on the system of the national accounts especially supply and use tables, which are the basis for the estimate of macro aggregates at the prices of the reference period. The third chapter describes non-market services and their deflation. Output of non-market services is estimated as the sum of related costs. Input method does not allow to estimate productivity and efficiency of their provision. The main part of the chapter is devoted to the description of the developed methodology for deflation of education services in the Czech Republic, which is in line with international recommendations and enables an estimate of productivity. Using the methodology an estimate of the development of education services has been done for the year 2004 and onwards. The forth chapter deals with regional price levels and possibilities of their estimate. The description of the developed methodology as well as estimated price level for 2007 is included in this chapter. Indicators recalculated to the same price level provide quite different view on economic performance and well-being in regions of the Czech Republic.

Orientador: Maurice de Koning / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leite_RodolfoPaula_M.pdf: 4064445 bytes, checksum: 15e944e3607ec0d3b8cb66d00b6ea4f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresentamos um estudo a respeito do modelo de Uhlenbeck-Ford como um sistema de referencia para calculos de energia livre de sistemas na fase fluida, utilizando metodos de simulacao molecular. Este sistema artificial, que e caracterizado por um potencial puramente repulsivo e que diverge rapidamente, foi originalmente proposto como um modelo para o estudo teorico de gases imperfeitos. Este modelo foi motivado pelo fato de que todas as integrais de muitos corpos, envolvidas no calculo dos coeficientes viriais, podem ser facilmente calculadas analiticamente. Entretanto apenas oito coeficientes eram conhecidos. Dois novos coeficientes (..10 e ..11) foram determinados para o modelo neste trabalho, alem de uma expressao essencialmente exata para a equacao de estado e energia livre de Helmholtz em funcao de um parametro adimensional. Este nos permitira reunir todas as informacoes a respeito da energia livre do sistema em uma unica expressao, independentemente da escolha de parametros do potencial. Por fim, exploraremos a aplicabilidade deste modelo como um sistema de referencia para calculos de energia livre de sistemas na fase fluida, usando tecnicas de simulacao molecular a partir de processos fora de equilibrio. Nossos resultados para o fluido de Lennard-Jones e para o silicio liquido, descrito pelo potencial de Stillinger-Weber, demonstraram que o modelo de Uhlenbeck-Ford servira como um sistema de referencia para o calculo de energia livre de sistemas na fase fluida / Abstract: In this work, we present a study of the Uhlenbeck-Ford model as a reference system for freeenergy calculations of fluid-phase systems by molecular simulation methods. This artificial system, which is characterized by a rapidly-decaying purely repulsive potential, was originally proposed as a model for the theoretical study of imperfect gases, enabled by the fact that all the many-center integrals involved in the virial coefficients can be easily computed analytically. Although only eight coefficients were known. Two new coefficients (..10 e ..11) were determined for the model in this work, in addition to an essentially accurate expression to the equation of state and Helmholtz free-energy as a function of a dimensionless parameter. This will allow us to gather all information regarding the system of free-energy in a single expression, regardless of the choice of potential parameters. In the end, we explore the applicability of this model as a reference system for free-energy calculations of fluid-phase systems, using non equilibrium process with molecular simulation techniques. Our results for thevLennard-Jones fluid and liquid silicon, described by Stillinger-Weber potential, demonstrate that the Uhlenbeck-Ford model can be used as a reference system for free-energy calculations of fluid-phase systems / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

Orientador: Maurice de Koning / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T00:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SantosFlorez_PedroAntonio_M.pdf: 3560756 bytes, checksum: 596fa8433415493ec218ee7c185319ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Resumo: O modelo de Uhlenbeck-Ford, que é um sistema artificial caracterizado por um potencial interatômico logarítmico e repulsivo, foi definido originalmente para o estudo teórico de gases imperfeitos, baseado no fato de que todas as integrais de muitos corpos, envolvidas no cálculo de coeficientes viriais, podem ser calculadas analiticamente. Assim, este modelo possui uma expressão exata para a equação de estado e a energia livre de Helmholtz na fase fluida. Um potencial escalonado deste modelo já foi proposto como sistema de referência na implementação de métodos de simulação atomística, para cálculos de energia livre de sistemas na fase fluida. Neste trabalho, é construído o diagrama de fase do modelo de Uhlenbeck-Ford dependente deste fator de escalonamento, delimitando as fases fluida e sólida, com estruturas cristalinas (BCC e FCC). A estabilidade das diferentes fases foi estudada analisando as curvas de energia livre, que foram obtidas utilizando a técnica de simulação atomística da Dinâmica Molecular a partir de processos fora do equilíbrio. Nossos resultados mostraram que existem regiões para qualquer densidade onde a fase fluida é a mais estável, e portanto, o modelo de Uhlenbeck-Ford pode ser usado como sistema de referência para cálculos de energia livre de sistemas na fase fluida / Abstract: The Uhlenbeck-Ford model, which is an artificial system characterized by a logarithmic and repulsive interatomic potential, was originally defined for the theoretical study of imperfect gases, based on the fact that all the many-body integrals, involved in calculating virial coefficients, can be calculated analytically. Thus, this model has an exact expression for the equation of state and the Helmholtz free energy in the fluid phase. A modified potential by a scale factor of this model was proposed as a reference system in the implementation of atomistic simulation methods for free energy calculation in the fluid phase. In this paper, we construct the phase diagram of the Uhlenbeck-Ford model dependent on a scale factor, finding the coexistence lines between fluid and solid phases, with crystalline structures (BCC and FCC). The stability of the different phases was studied by analyzing the free energy curves, which were obtained using the atomistic simulation technique of Molecular Dynamics, using nonequilibrium processes. Our results show that for any density, there exist regions in which the fluid phase is the most stable and therefore the Uhlenbeck-Ford model can be used as a reference system for free energy calculations of systems in the fluid phase / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física / 1370441/2014 / CAPES

Sulphate-rich wastewater is an increasing concern for industries as LKAB. The water chemistry of the LKAB Kiruna water system is characterized by high alkalinity, high pH (pH 7.5-9.0) and high concentrations of chemical species and soluble minerals. The sulphate content in the water system of Kiruna is associated with the dissolution of calcium sulphate as anhydrite (CaSO4) and gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O). However, the high concentrations of sulphate in the effluents from the LKAB Kiruna operation are unique for iron ore mining.    The aim of the thesis was to study and evaluate the behavior of sulphate in the process water system of the Kiruna concentrator plants. This was done by laboratory grinding (leaching tests), equilibrium calculations with the HSC software and mass balancing of the concentrator KA3 in Kiruna. The highest concentrations of sulphate have been detected in the process water of KA3, hence the focus has been on KA3 regarding sampling, evaluation and comparison. Water treatment technologies for sulphate and the effect of process water on ore processing have not been included in this project.   The laboratory grinding was done using process water and ore from the concentrator KA3. During the experimental work with laboratory grinding the parameters pH, temperature and operating times for primary- and secondary grinding, respectively, were varied. The observations from the experimental work were further confirmed by equilibrium calculations and mass balancing. The following conclusions were drawn.     Anhydrite/gypsum is not leached from the ore during ore processing with process water having concentrations of sulphate already close to the saturation point at approximately 1800 mg/L. If the process water is diluted with water with lower sulphate content, e.g. mine water or a diluted return water from the pond system (e.g. during spring flood), anhydrite/gypsum in ore will be dissolved until the sulphate concentration reaches the saturation point. The ionic strength of the process water controls the saturation point and thus the sulphate concentration. Leaching of anhydrite/gypsum in saturated process water, with respect to sulphate, is not affected by grinding time or adjusted conditions in the process water, such as temperature or pH value.    For further work, it is recommended to investigate the behavior of sulphate in the tailings pond system to increase knowledge of the overall behavior in the water system. In addition, a similar investigation of the behavior of uranium in the process water is recommended in order to face future environmental standards.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22159号 / 工博第4663号 / 新制||工||1727(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 功, 教授 中村 裕之, 教授 邑瀬 邦明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM